Planetary Exploration System (PES) Spacecraft Guidance and Control Equipment.pdf

DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL EO 13526 SECTION 53(b)(3)

ISCAP APPEAL NO 2009-068 document no 6 DECLASSIFICATION DATE November 132014

SECRET

(U) PLANETARY EXPLORATION SYSTEM

(PES) SPACECRAFT C3lHDANCEn

NAVIGATION AND CONTROL NOVEMBER 1963

TASK 6182(64) 6182(72)

AIR FORCE MISSilE DEVELOPMENT CENTER

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AFMDC 65-845 middot - ~ ~- ~ middotmiddot ~ c

SECRET

(This paglt is unclassified)

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l Jnformu o n conflilttng w1th or pcrt1 nently affecting thal conshy

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dlaquobulle d lJ February 115l)

1

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FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY REPORT

AFMDC-TR-63-6

(Title Unclassified) PLANETARY EXPLORATION SYSTEM (PES)

SPACECRAFT GUIDANCE NAVIGATION AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT

November 1963

Tasks 6182(64) 6182(72)

Prepared by

Captain James E Howard

This is a Foreign Technology document prepared and published by AFMDC or use primarily within AFSC bull It ha not been coordinated within ASC or the Office of the ACSIntelligence Headquarters USAF and does not necessarily represent a n agreed Air Force

position

DEPUTY FOR FOREiGN TECHNOLOGY AIR FORCE MISSILE DEVElOPMENT C SNTER

AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND HOLLOMAN AJR FORCE BASZ NEW rmiddot-middot middot middotreo

SpoundCRET

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middotbull

--middotmiddotmiddot----- __~----middotmiddotmiddot- shy-------~ -~-- -middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddot--middot--middot-middot --- shy

(U) PREFACE

The information reflected in this document has been prepared for

the use oi Foreign Technology personnel engaged in the analysis

oi the Soviet space effort This is an AFSC project and this

contribution will be of pa-ticular ii1tereGt to analysts concerned

with Soviet spacecraft guidance navigation and control equipshy

ment This report serves as a technical support document for

Tasks ol8Z(64 and 7Z) assigned to the Air Force Missile

Development Center (8l

U PUBLICATLON REVLEW

This Foreign Technology document ha beer 1bull middotc-wed aI

approved for distribution withm the Air Force Systems Command (U)

FOR THE COMMANDER

~=~~ Lt Col USAF Deputy for Foreign Technology

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1

_ ------middotmiddotmiddot- middotmiddot middot-- -middot- ---middotmiddot------- ~ --middotmiddot---middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

iii Summary ~

Venus ProbeSECTION

12 SECTION II Mars Probe

18 SECTlON Ill Trends

21 Bibliography

23 Distribution

4Solar Sensor -middotlewing DirectionsFig

9 Fig l Earth Sensor Alignment

14 Fig 3 Mars I bull bull bull bull bull

ii

AFWDC 63 5845

--shy-middot middotmiddot-middot ---- ---middot-- -~ middotmiddotmiddot shymiddot-middot- -middot- --shy-bullmiddotmiddotmiddot----shy-------shy middot-- -middotmiddot

~ECREt

(U) SUMMARY

Purpose

This report presents analysis initiated to satisfy Tasks 64 and

72 of the Planetary TOPS on Planetary Exploration System Spaceshy

craft Stabilization Control Guidance and Navigation U)

Conclusions

a Soviet spacecraft control component design has shovn a

logica~ and dynamic progression

b The inclus ion opound a midcourse -correction engine on MARS I

is a significant step toward achieving the capability to perform

dPtai led planetary exploration

c Improper oper-ation of the cruise phall e attitude control

system led to the failure opound the Mare I probe

d The Soviets have not demonstrated except by inference

the capability t o design control component capabte of performing

planetary exploration missions ~

Background Highlights

An examination of the data available for this task reveals an

inte1middotestlng fact Soviet open source publications provide allen-

tially the only usable information Thus the anayst is fo middot- l to

proceed knowing full well that his conclusions are completely

iii

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

- -middot---- ~ middot--- ~- - - middot ----middot--~~~- - middotmiddot--- ------~~----~--middot -~

dependent on the amount and accuracy of data released by the

Soviets lf they desire to spoof success is insured because no

choice is available but to accept thejr description as presented

Hopefully the Soviets are completely honest in their releases

this apparently has been the case in the purely scient1fic space

ventures Further their approach has been to say nothing of

the activities which they want to keep from 1101 TT Cosmos for

example) although the desire for publicity may have closed this

avenue to them In any event all conclusions arrived at from

data with such a potential1y unreliable validity can only be

postulates no matter how well these conclusions are supported by

the data There are however two criteria available to lend

more credence to the results reasonability and feasibility as

determined from comparable U S technology Both these

constraiuts have been constantly ipplied in arrivin~ at tlgte

conclusions resented it this repo-t (amp

Discussion

Basically the spacecraft control guidance and navigation

requirements for planetary probes are the same as those enumershy

ated in AFMDC~TR-o3 -2 for lunar vehicles The spacecraft

must be launche4 into a proper parking orbit be p~ecisely

iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1

----middot middotmiddot --~-- ~middot - _ middot-middotmiddot---middotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddot-

oriented or inject10n held to the nominal flLght path durmg

injectLon and controlled during ihe transfer orbit as required

by mission objectwes The differCnccs which exist are princishy

pally of degree accuracy requLrements are more demand1ng

heating loads are higher and control in space must be rnantained

or longer per iods These actors increase the compleldty of

planetary probe design but not to the point that lunar and planeshy

tary technology are noninterchangeable The techniques and

rnethads used by the Soviets in their early lunar probes

unquestionably served as the basis for design of the planetary

spacecraft For this reason the previously mentioned document

serves as the startmg point for the analysis herein presented

and this report simply extends spacecraft control system analysis

to include the interplanetary probe s (U)

v

- ----- middotmiddot- - middotmiddot---- --- middot--- --middot _ - ~--------------~-- - --middot -middotmiddot ---

SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

There have been numerous Soviet articles and releasee on

their Venus probe launched lZ February 1961 Many of these

reports give fairly detailed descriptions of systems and overall

operational details These description5 in conjunction with

photographs and schematic drawings also released form the

major data base for this analysis Constraints 011 the postulationgt

tDade were determined both front available data of a classified

11ature and apphcabl~ uS technical studies (U)

The So~ets reported that during flight the vehicle was

positioned by an orientation system which eliminates arbitrary

rotat1on of the station acquires the Bun from any position of the

station thu realizing station stabilization and near Venus

orient the parltgtbolic antenna on the earth to insure a highezshy

transmission rate of operational and scientific data They

further stated that the solar panela were contaatly orient ~d Lv~tard

the sun and that the parabolic antenna was uniolded only as bullhe probe

approached Venus Few specific detaib opound tbe orientation ~stem

were given one account did note however that a 11 s1lat or middotmiddot1ebull

star sensor and an earth sensor were included in the orien~rimiddot

~---middotmiddot - middot ---middotmiddotmiddotmiddot -middotmiddot -------- -middot ~ _

system Tlese two items were also identified on the sche matic

drawings of the p-obe (U)

By inference from the stated capabilities examinalio n o f th e

avai lable photography and

50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

L-----------~----------~ The capability to sensbull and eliminate a1middotbitrary spacecraft

r otation is most simply mechanhed with rate gyros The inc1us1o n

of thesP components in the control system also allows specified

rotations of the spacecraft to be easily commanded through

~orqw~ rs Any r e quired reor i entation either ground corrunanded

or programmed could be accomplished through these d evices (ore

for each axi6) Long operating t i mes leading to breakdowns

the principal limitation of gyros could be overcome by uncaging

a nd running the eyros only wier t~e1r Ci- ~ ~middotar~on s pc ~elt1i i

This system hagt been u~d on almos t all us spacecraft requmiddot ri g

1eorientation maneuvers It is therefore postulated ~hat a

similar system is used by the Soviets for the control of both lunar

a1d planetary probPs ~

Because of the necessity for a mass expulsion sy6t~n to stop

pos t i nje ct ion ro~ation and the use of cold (comJr~sse-P la on

Lunik Ill and Mars l this same method is the most prob ole one

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

middotmiddotmiddot- -middot~- middotmiddotmiddot ---~--- ____ _- -- ~ middot - middotmiddot ~

used on the Venus probe

50Xl and 3 E013526

Although concern has been evinced that such a system would

require excessive weights for the long control periods required

for planetary probes a spacecraft properly designed to reduce

perturbations coupled with control logic minimizing limit cycle

operation can require extremely small fuel weights for satisshy

factory control For example Mariner II which was actively

controlled throughout its 109-day light to Venus was equipped

witl only 86 pounds o f nitrogen gas Although no control jets

could be positively identified from the photography a spherical

container which could se rve as the compies sed gas supply was

noted i n two separate photographs All these factors taken

together lead to the conclusion that a compressed dry gas mass

expulsion system was used for control torque generation ~

The schematic dawings of the probe identify a single solar

or other star sensor Examination opound thi sensor in tt~ p1ctogshy

raphy shows it to be a photosensitive device which has thrte

viewing direction perpendicular to the plane of the soia

panels both forward and to the rear and along the plal11 ~- he

paneb (s ee Fig 1) This arrangement aLlows the sytem to

acquire the Bun from any position of the stat1on with groumiddota

3

AFMDC b3 -5845SECRET

f

UNCLASSIFIED

F i g 1 Solar Sensor ViewJng Di re ction9

--middot -middot--middot middot middot middot middotmiddotmiddot ~middot-middot middot middot _ ----~ bull - - middot--shy _ _ _ -middot~middot middotmiddotmiddot

lt

middot I I I i

ri j I

command ass~stance I none 9pound the sensors had the sun in 1ts

field of view after the arbitlmiddotary injection rotation had been

stopped s 1mple grocnti commanded rotations about first the

ong1tudilal axts and then one of the other axis would insure

ogtolar acquisitio Self-contained logic could then take over to

orient the spacecraft so that the sunline was perpendicular to

the panels Twobullaxis atability ia thus accomplished iind the

p3nels can be constantly pointed at the sun This same uys tern

could serve to reaccomplish solar acquisition at any time during

the light that the solar lock-on was lost either accidentally or

th rough design -ft

With the establishmect of only a sunline for orientation

reference the spacecraft is free to rotate about the sun-pointing

axis middot Full three -axis stability requires the sensing o another

s~urce probably a str The n~e fcl middot poundull th-ec-ax~ o- middot ction

cmiddotrirg the cc~t period f bull Venus probe cannot be established

l n general it is required only if some expsr1ment necessitts

this constraint Such sensing ii required might conceivably be

accomplished by the solar viewer which points along the plane of

the panels This method seems unlikely however because of the

stnct geometrical relationship which must exist an-i tle

sensitivity range required of the sensor ~

5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

There is one other probable solar sensor located at the

bottom of the forward solar panel This sensor in conjunction

with the apparent servo actuator attached to this panel could be

used to maintain constant solar pointing of the panel during periods

when body orientalion was based on a source other than the sun

These periodbull will be discussed subsequentJy 18)

Study of photographs showing the externally mounted earth

sensor and the parabolic antenna reveals an apparent operationaL

inconsistency both appear to be rigid ly fixed t o the spacecraftJ l

with a 60deg misalignment This arrangement severely complicates

orientation during the cruise phase In fac t it makes it impos bull

sible to maint ain an earth and sun-lock [or three -axis orientation

(except for a short period) and requires a 60deg rotation of the

spacecraft every time it iamp desilmiddoted to point the parabolic antenna

fo1middot communications k8f

It is vej llnlikdy tt~t he Soviets given an almost free

range of design would unnecessarily complicate their contgtol

problem by such an arrangement Therefore it is pbull~Ftulatltd

that the antenna is highly mobile and that the photographs show

~Reproduction difficulties have made it itnpoeiblc to i l1d either photographs or schematic drawingbullbull of the prob ir this report The reader is invitedmiddot to us e the illustrations ibullmiddot le~cr bull ences 1 through 6 to locate the component described

6

AFMDC 63-5845-SECRETshy

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- ---~-middot - middot --- --- middot - middot middot-middotmiddot~ middot --- middotmiddot ______ -- --~middot _ ------middot-middotmiddot--middot middot middotmiddot middotmiddot---- ----~~ middot--

it in an unfolded but retracted position and this accounts for

the apparent physical restriction to antenna movement presented

by the spacecraft body Wnen ext ended for operation no such

restriction exista and the antenna can be moved freely as Iequired

l for earth pointing Once fully deployed the ante= ie slaved

to the earth sensor and is aligned with it 81middot The feed on the parabolic antenna (apparently four center -fed

1

half-wave dipoles) could allow more precise aligrtment By

alternately connecting the p-robes receiver to opposite dipole

pairs an error signal would be developed to drive the antenna to

a null thus more accurately pointing it at the ground transshy

mitte r (81

Although required to insure near passage of Venus it is

estimated that no midcourse correction capability was built into

the spacecraft probably because it wa~ beynx- Goi et bullerl ~c

know-how in that time perioCJ 3oviet press releases substantiate

this presumption by indicating that after injection 11 The stat on

traveled under the gravitational forces of the earth sun and

plan-ets 11 Navigation (position fixing) o the probe was accomplished

by various ground tracking facilities and no equipment for thl ~

purpose was included ct board the spacecraft ampt

7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1

By correlating the assessed and postulated sensor operating

characteristics with the geometry of the transfer orbit th e

attitude control functions up to near-Venus pas sage car -ue

reconstructed Alter the completion of the dcspin process the

spacecraft was oiented by usc of the multlv1ewer aun eensor so

that the solar panels (aced the sun T11is resulted in two--axis

stabiUr-anon with orientation about the third sun-pointing) axis

arbitrar1ly estabhshed At this time the rate gyros could be

caged and turned off Unless complete three-axis stabil ization

was required or some scientific experiment this attitude would

provide suficient orientation until activation of the earth sensor

Assuming that the sensor was rigidly mounted -(as it appears to

be in the photograph~) the approximate hmc of ear middotth acquisition

call be established As shown i1 Fig 2 the sensor was aligned

acout 30deg ofi the sunlire T~is ge--netry ma~ches the ---obe-ear- middoth shy

sw- position- -gthLch ocv- J pproximately one month after

launch Thus if the earth sensor were a~tivated on about 20 April

only simple rotation about the sun-pointing axis wodd be required

to accomplish the necessary scanning Delay in initiating the

o pt~ration of the earth sensor is not unusual tbe sensit~v ty range

posible in such a d e vice precludes its use both near rch and

near a target planet ~

8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

Fig 2 Earth S ensor Allgnrnen~

middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9

Or~ce the sensor ach1eved earth lock-on full three-axis

orientation eXlstcd and information for antenna pointing was

available Thi s condition represents optimum usage of the

sensors because each perorms a dual funct1o n component

pointi ng and body onentat1on Since it appears that b oth the

earth and sun sensors are rigidly fixed to the spacecraft this

cond1tion cannot exist indefinitely The sun and earth hnes do

t~ot r otate at the s ame rate hence the geometry must change

and both lock-ons cannot be maintained To overcome this

geometical lirnitatior m US spacecraft t he earth sensor i s

usually mQunted on the parabolic antenna thus g iving it the

necessary freedom to rotate and maintain align=ent on middotthe earth

I The Soviets probably handled this problem by transferring the

I l

-~ sun sensing to the sensor mounted on the solar panel This would

allow ortentation to be ma1ntal-1ed en vtl the elt ~ and sbull~r an-i

would insure proper r-CJinting of the panel Perturbation sens ing

i s slightly more compltcated in this mode of opcralt_n bubull it

can be handled by a s i mple modifi cation m the logc ctrcui try cent

Th1s three middot axis 5tabiliration once estabhshe~ could have

been used through the remainder of the Hight Arv middotecessary

reorientation as the probe passeC Venus could ha- ~~- accompshy

lished either by programmed rotation frQm this ee middotlished

10

AFM[)C 63-584gtSECRET

1

- middotmiddot----middot-- -~-middot - middot-middotmiddot ~--middot middot-- middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~- -middot-middotmiddot middot middot ------~--~--- middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot middot--- - middotmiddot

I -i

attitude or by sensing of the planet itself The former is very

likely the most probable from all indications This is the method

used on Mariner 11 Sf

ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

- ___ _____ middotmiddotmiddot-middot -- -- -----middotmiddotmiddot - middot middotmiddot - middot-middot--middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot middot-middot middot-- middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot---shy

SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE

The Ma-rs probe as described by the Soviets was considerably

middot more sophisticated than any of the previously designed spacecraft

The thermal regulating system was more efficient a midcours e

engine was included fo-r trajectory refinement and provisions

were middotrnade for photographing the surface of Mars during near

passage Bath the midcourse correction and the necessary

pointing for photography increase the requirements for control

and indicate that the Mars system was necessarily more accurate

than that used on the Venus probe ~

Iy examination of the physical locations of the components

identified by the Soviets in both photographs and schematic

drawings certain conclusions can be drawn about control related

functions of the probe The locatior of the parabugtlc antenr - on

the side of the probe appolite the solar panels is inconsistent

with the pointing requirements for corununicatior s middotmiddotbull tr earth

Since the orbit of Mars is outside that of earth tht Jntenna and

solar panels must point in generally the same direr-ion Thus

it is concluded that when extended for opetatiou thlt ~tnna is

rotated so that it can operate with approximately th ~~=c aspect

12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy

-middot - ~ -- middot middotmiddot ~ middot ~ middot middot middot - middotmiddot- middot middot middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot -middotmiddot -middot- -middot -middot-middot-- ~-- - middot middot middotmiddot

as the solar panels This is probably accomplished by antenna

mounting on a cantiluver arm which swings it out from the middotbottom

of the spacecraft Rotation about this same axis to provide the

mobility ttecessary for the arrtenn3 to allow the earth during

flight requires the long axi s cf the probe to lie in the tr~j e c tory

plane Therefore it can be postulated with high confidence that

this was the attitude of the p r obe at least during the periods that

the parabolic antenna was used for communications ampt

There is no earth sensa- identified in the drawings although

a planet sensor was listed among the components Since the

parabolic antenna feed has a device attached to it which serves

no apparent purpose for communications this attachment could

be the sensor used for earth alignment The pickup for precise

stellar and solar orientation has a wide field of view anmiddotd is

probably used as the initi~l sollt r acq2i~itim seoor L - middotk-on

would then be accom1- shed and maintained by the pickup fotmiddot

permanent solar o iertation (Fig 3) ~

Since sma ll Ephe rical contai n e rs located on the periphery

of the orbital comp~rtment were bulldentified as tanks of the

orientation system rontrcl torque generation was ~11doubtedly

accomplished by a comFeaeed gas sys tem Tter~middot is some indicashy

tion however that precise cont rol of the p1obe was r middot~t mai ntained

13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

--~ - --- ---- - - ~ - middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot -middot~ middotmiddot- - middotmiddot- - middot middotmiddot

Thmiddot3il6 Ftght Jrrtlgtmiddotr onltll ~ IJW Jgs of thr3 B~vtct Nl~t~ 9middotcLe sho-w~ 1 mtshycourse orrcctwn engine nlampampnbty 2 magnetometer 3 pensor icbull conshyAtpnt aolru= reorlimtation 4 orbita1 compartment 5 solar-cell panels 6 cmnicilrecticnalantennal 7 preci shysion sensor for star and solarmiddotorlentashy12 8 high-pltlasure gltU~ bottloa fatmiddot the orortution ~ystemmiddot S s e ml-dlrecshyHonal u~tennaa 10 heat-regulation ~ltEntore 11 highly directional enshyltOIJe 12 upectrc-rdlexcmater

Fig 3 Mars I UNC L ASSIFIED

SECRET

- r middot bull--middot-middotmiddotmiddotbull-- bull bull bullmiddot---middotbullbull middotbull~middotbull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull __bull bull bullmiddot---bullmiddotbull-middotbullmiddotbull bull--bull---bull-bullbullbull - bull

throughout the flight Progres reports on the operahon of

the spacecraft stated The system of orientation of the solar

batteries was functloning ltormally 11 As the solar panels

appear to be rigtdly fixed to the body oi the probe this could be

construed to mean that only solar orientation [two-axis stabilimiddot

zation) was maintamed and will be assumed here bull 81

Although A A Blagonravov announced at the 6th COSPAR

meeting that the probe was rotated at one -fourth rpm during

cruise little aignificance 1s attached to his statement rt was

early recognized (30 November 1962) from U 5 reception of

probe radio signals that it was in a complex tumbling mode

Since Blagonravov announced that the probe was a complete

success in its main objectivepoundgt - long tenn investigations of

space and testing of long range radio communications - he

would be expected to attempt to exp~ah away tlgte timblirg

Further both the anno-ncelY t on 14 Mayo( the failure on 21

March and Blagonravov 1s admission of central failure attempted

to imply the failure had occurred in March not in NovernLer It

is more likely that the announced rotation resulted from control

system failure in November and not from a progranuned progtfilel$)

I The most sigmiC3nt improvement on the Mare probe wa~ l

undoubtedly the addition of the rnidcourse correction engine middothe ~ -1lS

I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

incluSlOl o f th i s capab1lity allows the reduction o f errors accumushy

lated during post latmch orb1ting and injection and permits better

scientifi c invcstiglt ion of the target pl anet The exteri or appearshy

ance of th i s engine is quite diff erent from those employed on U S

spacecraft ln our design practice the fuel supply is inclosed in

the body of the spacecraft and is thus a fforded the same thermal

protection as other components lithe fuel suppl y for thi s engine

is exposed durmg flight as shown in the photographs it could

certainly have implications to the fuei-used The possibility

exists that the shroud over the engine shown in the drawings is

emoved just por to actuat~on of the engine and it affords the

required protection prior to that time The other outstanding

differenc e i s the employment of four control nozzles around the

main thrust nozzle These nozzles are most probably used only

during operation c ~ the engi~ anC ~y met~rng - - -pcI1 iaci

gass-Js f -ovidf the ~ sory thrust vector control during tr~

period (The s p aceqaft cold gas system cannot provide EPiliicient

thrust to accomplish this function) This arrangerunt providee

no control of rotations about the thrust axis b u t none is r e quired

for an autopilot~velocity meter guidance scheme (see Ref erenc e

9) The simple spherical fuel container of this syc cem indicates

t hat a monopropellant was most probably used _t8

16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

~ middot --- --middot -

The trajectobully of the spacecraft during its flight was

determined fbullorn ground measurements both radio and opti~al

Upon ground cornmand the probe transrcitted be~on signals

which were tracked by the parabolic antennas of the g-ound

stahons thus providing azimuth and elevation It is highly

possible that a new doppler system was employed on this launch

I j

which allowed more accurate velocity determination than ever

1 before possible This 5ystem involves the transmission of

~ ~ frequency stabilized signals from the earth which are returnedi

l immediately from the spacecraft The double doppler shift f

which thus results permits theoretical velocity determination on

the order of inches per second -k81I Noon-board navigation is deemed to have been performed or

requir e d on this Inission In general this function is required

only when its acuracy can exceed that nf ~ ~roc1d hmiddotmiddot gti

tracking system The dU~cultiea in providing an accurate

inertial reference for on -board mea6urements are much grea~ar

with present technology than the problem of improvinIZ tracking

caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

-- middot ~middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot -~---- -~- ___ middotmiddot -- middot-middot--middot middotmiddotmiddot-middot

SECTION III

(U) TRENDS

The des1gn of Soviet spacecraft has shown a very logical and

dynamic progression Their state of the art has moved from

simple spin stabilized vehicles to highly sophisticated ones at

least theoretically capable of pelforming complex space missions

Theze have been such significant changes between each success

that it is obvious Soviet designers are not tied tomiddot a static design

constant improvements axe sought and achieved This dynamic

approach is indicative that the quality of the spacecraft and their

ability to accomplish more intensive explorations will continue

to improve Present technological middotlimitations will not necessarily

hinder future capabilitieG ~

The basic proolem iacug ny deai~ue bullbull cf 2 nbullgtnert that

must operate U apao s hew to beet overcome the hostile ope shy

tional environment Theory is useiul t o a limited exten~ i this

problem th e proof of the pu dding is actual opeimiddotatiotl It iamp

apparent from the almost perfect Soviet record of failure that

present design although constantly improving is still not up to

the requiretnfnts Thi s is cosidered highly indl(middotatlve of a lack

of adequate simulation facilities a problem that has ao plagued

18

AFMDC 63-5845

T

-middot - middotmiddot middotmiddot- shy

SfCRE1

US designers This is obviously not a permanent -tirritation

On the other side of the coin the excessive fai1ure rate during

injection has denied a vast amount of necessary test informamiddot

tion to the Soviets Lacking adequate test facilities the actual

operation in spa~e must serve Without these tests improveshy~

ments must necessarily await construction of the test facilities

or be based on theory For these reas~ens the failures that

oc~urred in the fall of 1962 have probably set back the Soviet

interplanetary exploration program by a least 18 months J8f

ln the light of the foregoing remarks the applicability of

present control a~sociated ~omponents to future operations is

not difficult to assess There is no evidence that they will be

up to the requirements It can definitely be stated that the

attitude control system for the cruise phaae is inadequate the

Mars failuTe proved that The ltdea_ualt-y o t the rrgtiouT maneu-vlter

both hom a propulsion and a guidance and controlegttandpoint

is unproved probaoly to the Soviets as well as to us- 1hi~ is

also true of the planet passage orientation system Jn fact tbe

only significant guidance and control capability firmly establi11hed

is that injection can be accurately achieved and even t-Jis con-

elusion is tainted by the flight of Lunik IV ~

19

AFMDC 63-5845middotSECRET

middot middotmiddot--middot~---middot ___ _ -middot-middot middot ~middot -middotbull -middot ----middotmiddot ---middotmiddot - middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--shy

Despite the lack of indicators of successful component design

the capabilities of the Soviets in this area should not be sold short

Their demonstrated abilities in areas closely allied to this

ield indicate that the high failure rate is an exception rather than

a rule They undoubtedly have the technological ability to perform

space explorations but this is inferred lOtn other space operations

and is nat demonstrated by the actual program ~

20

AFMDC 63-5845

- middot --middot- -middot middot middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot -- ~- - _ ____ _ middot-----middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull

(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY

1 Aleksandrov S G and Federov Soviet Satellilts and Space Ships FTD-TT-62-121 1+2 23 February 1962 (U)

2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526

3 Science and Life FTD-TT-middot62-200 24 April 1962 (U)

4 Soviet Space Programme Air Intelligence Review Vol 2 Nr 2 February 1962 pages 2-10 ~

5 (S) So1riet Space ScoreboardAir Intelligence Digest Vol 14 Nr 7 July 1961 pages 23-25 ~

6 (S) Solar Energy Powers Reds Space Vehicles 11 Air Intelshyligence Digest Vol 14 Nr 11 November 1961 pages 13-15pound81

7 Guidance Eyaluation Study Vol I General Electric Co June 1962 pages 128-141 PJI

8 James J N~ The Voyage of Mariner II Scientific American Vol 209 Nr 1 July 1963 pages 70-84 (U)

9 Lunar Exploration System Spacraft Control AFlYIDC-TR~63 -2 September 163 -E81

10 Guiclanc Emiddotaluatior C+ucly Yell General ElectliC Co May 1963 i)ages u-247 Jftl

ll The First Flight to the Planet Mars Moecow N- -~ N1 51 (626) 22 December 1962 (U)

12 Soviets Plan New Deep Space Probes Aviation leek 10 June 1963 pages 30-31 (U)

13 Data on the Mars llnt-srplanetary Probe IR 521 10 bull)163 17 January 1963 (U)

21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

-~~--------=--middot--middotmiddot

- ----shy - -~ ----middot - middot -------middot~-- middot ----middotmiddot-middot --------middot ___- - -middotmiddotmiddotmiddot

14 (S) Soviet Space Programme Military Signiiicance Grows Air lntelligence Review Vol 3 Nr 4 April 1963 pages

2-8 (St

15 Evaluation of Foreign Technol ogy Relative to Space Optics

PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845

- -middot -- middot~ ---- ---- ~ - - middot - - -----middot- - ---middot~middot middotmiddot middot ~middot-----middot--- middot - ~ --~ ~ -- -

DISTRIBUTION

OPR CoEz NrOrganiz-ation

01-02TDESFTD 03-04TDFSFTD TDBDP 05-09

FTD lD-11 SCFTAFSC 12-13BSFBSD 14-15SSFSSDASF 16 - 17

ASD 18-19ESYESD 20-21AMF AMD 22-23 RAY RADC 24-25WLFAIWL 26-21FTYAFFTCMTW 28middot29

AFMTC 30-3PGFAPGC 32middot-33AEYAEDC 34shyMDOAFMDC 5MDNHAFMDC

I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

bullbull~ bull bullbullbull bull bullbull o a middotbull bullbull bullbull bullbullbullbull bullnbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bullbull bullo oabullubullbull bullbull oobullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull ~ bull bull bullbullbull o oaltbullbullbullbull 0

0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi

----shy--shy--shy-----shyr 100 Mi

tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB

--middot middotmiddot-middot _______l_

~ bulljj

bullbullbullbullii ibull~ bullii 0 ii ~ bullii ii ii ii ii iibulla ii ii ii ii jj ii cbullbull ~

VIHITf SnNOS MISSIU RAMGF I IQ IQID i fl IGbullbullbullebull bull Q bull IItiiiC I Q I D I D I P 18IIill IH O D bull II bull OIU121~ 11S 1QI C01 U Q 101bull

RIO GRANDE

middot_

AREA MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF AFM-C

~---~- -_- ---=-middot ----- -~~-- - ~middot~middot--

)

l Jnformu o n conflilttng w1th or pcrt1 nently affecting thal conshy

~Jilgted bull n t h1s pub llc -nion middotshould b forwarded by the recipumt

dncctly rmiddoto

AFMDC MDF) Holloman AFB New Mexgtco 88330

I Tho m no wltgty gtbbrogates o r alters responsib1hty for sendwg such mJormat 1on or any perunent intell1gence data through already egttabiLshed ntellgence collection channe l s ofChe a riou s service~gt or agencies of the US Government

2 WARNING Th s document contains Information affecti~g the national defense of the U S within t he meaning of the Espionage Law T1tle 18 US C Sections 793 and 794 Its transmission or the revelat10n of 1ts contents 1n any manner to an unauthorized

e rscn is prohgtblted by law

3 Copies have not been placed 10 the DDC collectio n Address

all requests for copies to AFMDC (MDF)

4 Do not re turn this copy When not needed de~troy 1n a~cord 3oce with pertinent secunty regulatlCJns

S Thbull publication has b~ n desgnel t mgtt the spccgtf - ~~1s of ~he recipient for intelllgence FLgtrther uisseminatton igty the recipint of parb middot vr thE wh rP o subordinate elements must be bas e d cgtn the specific n~ed-to-know of the rec1pient to perform h middot ~s cl ~ied mgtssion5 Authority AFC[N Policy Letter 205 lt

dlaquobulle d lJ February 115l)

1



AFMDC-TR-63-6



November 1963

Tasks 6182(64) 6182(72)

Prepared by



position



SpoundCRET

-- ------

middotbull


(U) PREFACE












FOR THE COMMANDER


AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

iii Summary ~

Venus ProbeSECTION



21 Bibliography

23 Distribution




ii

AFWDC 63 5845


~ECREt

(U) SUMMARY

Purpose




Conclusions
















iii

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


















Discussion





iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1
















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_




AFMDC-TR-63-6



November 1963

Tasks 6182(64) 6182(72)

Prepared by



position



SpoundCRET

-- ------

middotbull


(U) PREFACE












FOR THE COMMANDER


AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

iii Summary ~

Venus ProbeSECTION



21 Bibliography

23 Distribution




ii

AFWDC 63 5845


~ECREt

(U) SUMMARY

Purpose




Conclusions
















iii

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


















Discussion





iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1
















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_


-- ------

middotbull


(U) PREFACE












FOR THE COMMANDER


AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

iii Summary ~

Venus ProbeSECTION



21 Bibliography

23 Distribution




ii

AFWDC 63 5845


~ECREt

(U) SUMMARY

Purpose




Conclusions
















iii

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


















Discussion





iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1
















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

iii Summary ~

Venus ProbeSECTION



21 Bibliography

23 Distribution




ii

AFWDC 63 5845


~ECREt

(U) SUMMARY

Purpose




Conclusions
















iii

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


















Discussion





iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1
















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



~ECREt

(U) SUMMARY

Purpose




Conclusions
















iii

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


















Discussion





iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1
















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



















Discussion





iv

AFMDC 63-5845

SECRpound1
















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_

















v


SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



SECTION l

(U) VENUS PROBE

























50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_







50Xl and 3 E013526 fSl_

















AFMDC 63-5845SECRET



50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_




50Xl and 3 E013526





















3


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_


f

UNCLASSIFIED



lt

middot I I I i

ri j I











th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_












th rough design -ft












5

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET





















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_






















6










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_










1





mitte r (81










7

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET

1























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_
























8

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



middot----middot

_ I

j

i

9














I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_















I l










10


1


I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



I -i




ll

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



SECTION 11

(U) MARS PROBE




















12

AFMDC 63middot5845

SECREtshy
























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_

























13

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_





SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_


SECRET
























I

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_
























16

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET








I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_









I j












caJabilities ~

17

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET


SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



SECTION III

(U) TRENDS




















18

AFMDC 63-5845

T


SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



SfCRE1






















19










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_










20

AFMDC 63-5845


(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



(U) BIBLIOGRAPHY


2 I 50Xl and 3 E013526












21

AFMDC 63-5845SECRET




2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_





2-8 (St


PGE 1963-694-A June 1963 ~

I-i

i middot

I _I

] I

22

AFMDC 63-5845


DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_



DISTRIBUTION






I I

middot

l

I

1 i

23

AFMDC 63-5845

i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_


i 0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0

0

bullbull bull

0

0

bull bull bull~~

~ i ~ ~ ~

jj

ii ~ ~

N I Vlf M

ALBUQUERQUE

40 Mi


tgt Al itMOG~DO

LAS CRUCES

AFMOC HOLLO~Aii AFB


~ bulljj



RIO GRANDE

middot_


Documents

Planetary Exploration System (PES) Spacecraft Guidance and Control Equipment.pdf