Planets, Solar Systems, and Galaxies…..Oh my !. Our Place in Space… What is Earth’s address?

Planets, Solar Systems, and Galaxies…..Oh my!

Our Place in Space…

What is Earth’s address?

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/universe.html&ei=5csSVejZMMGmyAS8nILAAQ&bvm=bv.89184060,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNH3h07yrL_-Nwx3lS5ln3XKmVgWig&ust=1427381596007849

Universe

Big Bang Theory is the leading scientific theory about the formation of the universe.

Occurred over 13.7 billion years ago The universe continues to expand and

galaxies move further apart Cosmic Background Radiation is

energy left over from the Big Bang

Formation of the Universe

The study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe is called cosmology.

The Big Bang Theory (it’s not just a funny TV show!)

•The beginning of the universe is to believe to have begun with a colossal explosion (a BANG!)• Approx. 13.7 billion years ago

•Matter condensed into galaxies, solar systems, suns, and planets

•Universe continues to expand away from this initial explosion

• Contains about 200 billion stars• All of the stars you see in the night

sky are in the Milky Way• All stars orbit around the inner

region• Normal spiral galaxy

Milky Way Galaxy

http://www.orthodoxresource.co.uk/creator/cosmos.htm

• The sun takes up 99.86% of the solar system’s mass

• Scientists hypothesize the solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago.

• Made of 1 star; 8 planets and moons; 5 dwarf planets; asteroids; comets; and meteoroids

Solar System

Planets

Inner Planets• Consists of the rocky planets• Mercury• Venus• Earth

Outer Planets• Gas Giants• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/bluedharma/2937253496/&ei=Ac4SVZnKBY6UyATS1IGIBA&bvm=bv.89184060,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNED446yKUOJkhiRCnKmZht5WjQ20g&ust=1427382111566946

Earth

• Only planet that can sustain life• Water exists in 3 states of matter• 1 astronomical unit (AU) from the

sun

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.space.com/21627-earth-from-space-pictures-gallery.html&ei=bM0SVZtTiPjJBK_WgrgG&bvm=bv.89184060,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNEvvwH_DnZ6PpjSJnF8Mo2tH0ViAg&ust=1427381990642587

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=885&ei=q80SVevuB9KTyATMpoKIBQ&bvm=bv.89184060,d.eXY&psig=AFQjCNEvvwH_DnZ6PpjSJnF8Mo2tH0ViAg&ust=1427381990642587

GalaxiesGalaxies are large groups of stars, dust, and gas

Three main types of galaxies

1. Spiral Galaxies2. Elliptical Galaxies3. Irregular Galaxies

This is the Hubble Space Telescope.

Hubble’s Tuning Fork

Use your Hubble’s Tuning Fork Diagram to help you identify these Galaxies:

Galaxies

Spiral Galaxies can be:• Ordinary • Barred

And made up of:• A bulge at the center• Spiral Arms

Examples:

Spiral - Milky Way (the home to our solar system)Barred – NGC 1300

Elliptical Galaxies

One third of all galaxies are simply massive blobs of stars, these are elliptical galaxies

Elliptical galaxies have:•Bright centers

•Very little dust and gas

•Contain mostly old stars

Irregular Galaxies

Irregular Galaxies do not fit into the elliptical or spiral groups. They make up ¼ of all galaxies in the universe

•Do not have a distinct shape•No bulge at the center•No spiral arm

What Kind of Galaxy is This?











How many galaxies are here? What kind occurs most frequently?

What is rarest?


The End

Planets in MotionRemember:

Rotation: a planet spinning on its own axis…..represents a day

Revolution: a planet (or another object) that moves around a sun…..represents a year

Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion

1. Orbits are ellipses2. When a planet is closer to the sun (during its orbit) they move

faster, when farther away they move slower3. Planets farther from the sun take longer to orbit the sun

1. Mercury orbits in 88 Earth days2. Mars orbits in 687 days3. Saturn orbits in 29.46 Earth years!4. Neptune orbits in 163.72 Earth years5. Pluto orbits in 248 Earth years

http://www.windows2universe.org/physical_science/physics/mechanics/orbit/perihelion_aphelion.html

Gravity pulls it all together!

The Law of Universal Gravitation

States that the force of gravity depends on the product of the masses of the objects divided by the square of the distance between the objects.

Huh?????Basically…

•Everything that has mass has gravity• The more mass, the more gravity

•Everything pulls on everything else• The distance between objects determines the force of gravity• The closer objects are the greater the pull of gravity

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gravity-and-orbits

Why doesn’t the moon crash into Earth because of Gravity??

Inertia…..

Inertia is an object’s resistance to change its speed or direction of movement…

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion …An object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will stay in motion ………..unless an outside force acts on it.

In space there is no resistance to motionbecause there is no air, so the moon keepsmoving, but gravity keeps the moon in orbit

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Planets, Solar Systems, and Galaxies…..Oh my !. Our Place in Space… What is Earth’s address?