Planning for and Collecting Valid and Meaningful Drinking Water Samples 1 James Latimer...
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Planning for and Collecting Valid and Meaningful Drinking Water Samples 1 James Latimer Environmental Program Specialist Drinking Water Program AK Dept
Planning for and Collecting Valid and Meaningful Drinking Water
Samples 1 James Latimer Environmental Program Specialist Drinking
Water Program AK Dept. of Environmental Conservation E-mail:
[email protected] 2010 Sustained Compliance Workshop
Anchorage, AK Sept 23-24, 2010
Slide 2
Presentation Summary Sample Planning generalized and detailed
Collecting Samples preparations and procedures Sample Demonstration
total coliform & chemical Sample Results understanding results
and following through as needed Questions 2
Slide 3
Sample Planning 3 Planning Tools Total Coliform Sample Siting
Plan Lead & Copper Sample Plan
Slide 4
Planning ahead can be critical to maintaining an adequate
supply of safe and healthy water To succeed, we need to know (and
do): 1. what needs to be done 2. when & where to sample 4
Importance of Planning
Slide 5
A Monitoring Summary includes: 5 What to sample for & where
to sample How often to sample Date of last sample Date next sample
is due Definitions and explanations DEC contact information
Slide 6
Other Examples of Monitoring Summaries 6
Slide 7
Other Planning Tools Printed media e.g., wall or desk calendar
Electronic media e.g., email alerts 7 Quarter
Slide 8
Specific Sample Plans The following sampling plans will not be
covered today: A source water monitoring plan for Long Term 2
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2); or A Stage 2
Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 DBPR)
Initial Distribution System Evaluation (IDSE) sampling plan 8
Slide 9
Creating, Using, & Modifying a Total Coliform Rule (TCR)
Sample Siting Plan 9
Slide 10
Total Coliform Sample Siting Plan ( 18 AAC 80.410) Who is
required to have one? Applies to Community, Non Transient
Non-community, & Transient Non-community public drinking water
systems What it is? Where and when to sample Routine sampling; and
In the event of total coliform positive result: Within 24 hours,
and the following month Sample site selection is important Keep a
copy readily available onsite, & revise as needed 10
Slide 11
DEC TCR Sample Siting Plan* Template * for smaller systems,
serving 1000 or less people 11 http://dec.alaska.gov/eh/dw
/publications/forms.html
Slide 12
System Information 12
Slide 13
Quarterly-Monthly Sampling Chart 13
Slide 14
What to do if a result is positive/present for total coliform
bacteria or E. coli 14
Slide 15
Distribution System Schematic Any format E.g., engineer
schematic, hand-drawn, notes on satellite image, and others DEC
Drinking Water Program staff review & approve all Total
Coliform Sample Siting Plans 15
Slide 16
Lead and Copper Sampling Plan (CWS and NTNCWS) Site selection
Based on materials evaluation (pipes and fixtures containing lead
and/or copper), & use (i.e. residential vs. commercial) Do not
include sites with point-of-use or point-of- entry treatment
devices for inorganics (1 exception) What to do if not enough
sites. Names or IDs of sites should be clear and consistent
Consistent locations provide results that can be compared over time
Accessibility - changes Activity/Inactivity ( i.e., schools ) First
Draw, after 6 hours with no-flow Newly replaced pipes or fixtures
may influence results 16
Slide 17
Lead and Copper Sampling Plan Essentials Provide an explanation
for selection of sites Provide clear and complete descriptions and
names for each site, and include alternative sites Note sample
procedures Flushing procedures Describe how 6-hour idle flow time
will be met Note if residents will collect samples Emphasize
collection from cold water tap Emphasize use of consumptive taps
17
Slide 18
Collecting Samples Preparations Supplies, Instructions, Forms
Collecting samples Tap or site issues Potential contamination
Container specifics Demonstrations Total Coliform Volatile Organics
(VOCs) Recording & reporting data 18
Slide 19
Pre-collection Preparations Supplies Sample bottles Valid free
chlorine residual powder packets Tools & paper towels Cooler
(s) Ice & packing materials Disinfectant Forms Other items as
needed Arrangements Lab hours Flights Coordinate with any relevant
contractors Courtesy reminders to home or business owners ensure
access Payments Other items as situation warrants 19
Slide 20
Quiz & Clues Distribution System Free Chlorine Residual
Same Time & Location as each Total Coliform Sample Collect
prior to Total Coliform sample Free - and check powder packet type
& expiration date There is at least one approved free chlorine
residual test strip When and where do we sample distribution
chlorine residual? Do we sample before or after total coliform
sampling, and does it matter? Is this a free or total chlorine
measurement? How about test strips? 20
Slide 21
Distribution Chlorine Residual 21
http://dec.alaska.gov/eh/dw/publications/sample.html
Slide 22
Common Methods of Determining Free Chlorine Residual 22 Follow
instructions provided by the manufacturer
Slide 23
Total Coliform Bacteria Sampling Reminders Arrange
transportation Keep enough extra sample bottles on site Confirm
sample location on the sample siting plan Personal and area
sanitation is important Prepare faucet (avoid sampling at drinking
water fountains): Disinfect then flush Fill to 100+ ml - not too
little < 100ml gets rejected Not too much Sample bottles are
brittle Pad for shipping, and do not submit if damaged Cool, yet
not frozen Double check forms Limited hold time 23
Slide 24
Total Coliform Bacteria Sampling 24
http://dec.alaska.gov/eh/dw/publications/sample.html
Slide 25
A Completed Form/Analysis 25
Slide 26
Non-TCR Samples Todays Special - VOCs Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs) Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) & Haloacetic
Acids (HAA5) Lead & Copper Inorganics Arsenic Fluoride and
more... Special bottle/lid Open septa lid prevents contamination
while allowing for sample extraction at lab Do not rinse bottle Low
tap flow Close to tap Bottle angled Fill completely - no air space
Minimize overflow 26
Sampling Demonstrations West aisle Kelly Cobbs (DEC) East aisle
Leticia Tadina (DEC) 30
Slide 31
Reporting Ensure that time and money are not wasted: Recheck
forms & labels for accuracy & completeness Label on bottle
Labs are required to report results directly to DEC PWSs are
responsible to ensure that DEC receives results 31
Slide 32
Points To Ponder & To Act On Plan & sample as far ahead
as possible Develop, revise, and keep handy TCR and Pb/Cu sample
plans Understand and use the Monitoring Summary, and use in
combination with a calendar or other sample scheduling or tracking
media. Sampling begins and ends with accurately and completely
filling out forms Understand & address sample issues specific
to each type of sample collected Accurate results are very
important Water is very important Your job is very important
32