Planning It Park

8/12/2019 Planning It Park

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PLANNING, ANALYSING AND DESIGNING OF AN IT

PARK WITH GREEN HOUSE CONCEPT

A DESIGN PROJECTSubmitted by

Project members Reg. no

BARI!UNIDHI "#$%$#%&%%'

P!IJAYAKU(AR "#$%$#%&%'%

Under The Guidance Of

()!!ENGAI !ENTHAN (E *+t)utu)-. e/001

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

I/

CI!IL ENGINEERING

BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NATTRAMPALLI

ANNAUNIVERSITY CHENNAI 600 025

NO!2DEC '%#'


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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report3PLANNING AND ANALYSING AND

DESIGNING OF AN IT BUIDING WITH GREEN HOUSE CONCEPT4 is

bonafide work of

BARI!UNIDHI "#$%$#%&%%'

P!IJAYAKU(AR "#$%$#%&%'%

of final year, ciil engineering branch, in partial fulfillment of the re!uirement for

the award of "achelor Of #ngineering in $iil #ngineering by%nna Uniersity,$hennai.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

() PRIYANKA () !!ENGAI !ENTHAN

HEAD OF THE DEPART(ENT LECTURER

$iil #ngineering &epartment $iil #ngineering &epartment

"harathidasan #ngineering $ollege "harathidasan #ngineering $ollege

'attrampalli ()* +* 'attrampalli ()*+*

-ubmitted for the /% 0 O/$# e1amination held on..............................

%t "2%R%T2/&%-%' #'G/'##R/'G $O33#G#, '%TTR%4P%33/ 0 ()*+*.

000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000

5I/te)/-. E5-mi/e)1 5E5te)/-. E5-mi/e)1


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ACKNOWLEDGE(ENT

/t is our great pleasure and priilege to hae an opportunity to take this project work

during the course in #ngineering during the year 'O6$ 78

9e gratefully acknowledge our sincere thanks D) SENTHIL KU(ARM.E, PhD

the Principal of our college for granting us permission to do the mini project work in our college.

9e also e1press our sincere thanks with a sense of gratitude to our respectful 2ead of the

&epartment, Mr. PRIYANKA M.E,for their interest and encouragement shown in our

project.

9e are immensely grateful to our lecturer, ()!!ENGAI !ENTHAN, (E for guiding

our project to a great success. -pecial thanks to our entire department faculty members for helping

us in soling our problem and doubts that we encountered in our project.

9e are also indebted to thank our parents, without whose constant support we would not

hae made a career in this field. 3ast but not the least, we thank our friends who hae

encouraged and helped us during the course of this project.


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SYNOPSIS

This project work deals with the &esign of /T "U/3&/'G and -tudy of Green "uilding

$oncept..The ertical and hori:ontal loads are calculated using /-;*(0777 code .

The design has been done according to the 3imit -tate 4ethod of design and conforming

to /ndian standard code /- ;*(0777. The slab is designed according to the edge condition by

limit state method. The ma1imum bending moment is taken and the beams are designed, by

using the %1ial, Unia1ial and "ia1ial moments and the ertical loads of the columns and footings

are designed accordingly. $olumn strap and incorporation of certain

=GREEN (ATERIALS> for the deigned =IT BUILDING> is detailed.


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LIST OF SY(BOLS

The following symbols carrying the meanings noted against them are used in this olume

% ? %rea

%st ? %rea of the steel reinforcement

%sc ?%rea of compression steel

"4 ? "ending 4oment

" ? "readth of the beam, slab

& ? Oerall depth of beam or slab

b ? "readth of column

d ? #ffectie depth of beam or slab

fy ? $haracteristic strength of steel

fck ? $haracteristic compressie strength of concrete

l ? 3ength of the beam

l1 ? 3ength of shorter span of slab

ly ? 3ength of the longer span of slab

le1 ? #ffectie length of the slab along shorter span

ley ? #ffectie length of the slab along longer span

41, 4y ? 4oments on the strip of unit width spanning lyand l1

4u1, 4uy ? 4oments about 1 and y a1es due to design loads

4u18, 4uy8 ? 4a1imum unia1ial moment capacity for an a1ial load of Pu

4OR ? 4oment of Resistance

Pu ? %1ial load on compression member

- ? -pacing of stirrups

? -hear force

s ? &esign shear force

9 ? Total load

a1 ? "ending moment co0efficient along shorter span

ay ? "ending moment co0efficient along longer span

@ ? Permissible shear stress in concrete


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@c ? 4a1imum shear stress in concrete

o ? &iameter of bars

' ? 'ewton

A' ? Ailo 'ewton

mm ? 4illimeter

m ? 4eter

c6c ? $enter to center


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LIST OF ABBRE!ATIONS

/G"$ 0 /ndian Green "uilding $ouncil

3##& 0 3eadership in #nergy and #nironmental &esign $ertification

93U 0 9ater less Urinals

%$P 0 %luminum $omposite Panel

O$ 0 olatile Organic $ompounds

2%$ 0 2eating. entilation and %ir $onditioning

G&P 0 Growth &eelopment Period

#P% 0 #nironmental Protection %gency

-GG 0 -elf $leaning Glass


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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

/nformation Technology as it denotes to technology, /T spans a wide ariety of

areas that include but are not limited to things such as Processes, $omputer -oftware,

$omputer 2ardware, Programming 3anguages, and &ata $onstructs. /n short, anything

that renders &ata, /nformation or perceied Anowledge, in any isual format whatsoeer,

ia any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered to be a part of the domain

space known as /nformation Technology.

%s /T is applicable to organi:ations within enterprises, it represents an operational

group that helps sole problems as those related to data, information and knowledge

capture, persistence, processing, brokering, discoery and rendering.

/nformation Technology 5/TH Parks, which are also referred to as Techno Parks,

$yber Parks and -cience Parks, hae been established to facilitate the deelopment of /T

industries that foster new business deelopment and technological innoation by

emerging ideas within a cluster enironment.

1.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PAR IN INDIA

The /ndian /nformation Technology industry accounts for a *.8EI of the

countryJs G&P and e1port earnings as of 77E, while proiding employment to a

significant number of its tertiary sector workforce. 4ore than .) million people are

employed in the sector either directly or indirectly, making it one of the biggest job

creators in /ndia and a mainstay of the national economy.

/ndiaJs /T -erices industry was born in 4umbai in 8E(F with the establishment

of Tata Group in partnership with "urroughs. The first software e1port :one -##PK was

set up here way back in 8EF), the old aatar of the modern day /T park. 4ore than +7

percent of the countryJs software e1ports happened out of -##PK, 4umbai in +7s.Today

"angalore is considered as the /T hub.

8


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!1.

"

1.#

ADVANTAGES OF IT-PAR

/T Parks proide infrastructure and support serices for businesses, particularly

high0!uality 5high0capacityH communications, real estate and office space.


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Pr$)& $' Gr&& B+/

8. Green buildings are designed to reduce the oerall impact of the built

enironment on human health and the natural enironment.

. #fficiently using energy, water, and other resources.

). Protecting occupant health and improing employee productiity.

;. Reducing waste, pollution and enironmental degradation.

E3*+*($ 4$/&) $' Gr&& 4+/

8. /ndian Green "uilding $ouncil 5/G"$H

o 53aunched by $onfederation of /ndia /ndustry 5$//H in 778H

. Pioneering Green "uilding moement in /ndia

o 3eadership in energy and enironmental design certification

53##&H

B&&'()

T*4+& B&&'() I(*4+& B&&'()

#lectricity saing0;7I to *7I &aylight and iews9ater saing07I0)7I 2ealth and productiity

T*4+& C$)( Pr&%%)

8. 3##& Registration and %pplication $osts

. $ommissioning %gent $osts

). #nergy 4odeling $osts

;. /mproed 2%$ e!uipment and controls

*. /mproed lighting and controls

(. /mproed building enelope or gla:ing

F. -torm water !uantity or !uality improements

+. -howers, bike racks, etc.

)


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8. Plumbing fi1ture premiums

. Green Power contracts

). Green Aiosks

;. egetatie Roofing materials

I(*4+& C$)( Pr&%%)

8. 3##& &ocumentation $osts

. 9aste 2auling Premiums and additional on site labor

). $onstruction cleanliness to meet /%C 4easures

%dditional babysitting on site

;. 4aterial premiums

A/3*(*&) $' Gr&& B+/)

4eets high standards of energy efficiency and enironmental responsibility.


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RE9UIREMENTS THAT ARE ESSENTIAL IN IT-PAR

-.'O $R/T#R/% -$R/PT/O'- PO/'T-6$R#&/T-

8 &aylight /ndoor enironmental 8

!uality

3ighting $ontrollability of 8

system

) $hemical and pollutant source $ontrollability of 8

-ystem

; $omposite wood,agrifiber products 3ow emitting 84aterials

* Paints 3ow emitting 84aterials

( $arpet 3ow emitting 8

4aterials

F points 4aterials and reuse 8)

+

E

87

88

Optimi:e energy performance

Onsite renewable energy

9ater use reduction 7I

9ater use reduction

#nergy%tmosphere

#nergy%tmosphere

9ater efficiency

9ater efficiency

%nd 87

%nd )

8

8

8 &eelopment density and -ustainable sites 8

community connectiity

(


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1.5 NEED FOR STUDY

&ue to the comple1ity of design and implementation, /T Parks can often take a number of

years to mature and become fully sustainable, as well as re!uiring a significant inestments in

infrastructure.

1.5.1 GREEN RATED BUILDINGS IN TAMILNADU:CHENNAI;

8. 4otorola 4anufacturing


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CHAPTER 2

LITREATURE REVIE=

2.1 GENERAL/n the case of 4ulti0storey frames, the degree of indeterminacy is ery high and

hence solution by consistent deformation, slope deflection, moment distribution or

column analogy methods is almost ruled out. AaniJs method, howeer, may be employed,

but it needs more computational efforts.


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CHAPTER "

STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION

".1 LOCATIONThe study area of the project is located at Aelambakkam 2igh Road in $hennai

district, Tamilnadu. The plot area of the site is E(77 m, the plinth area of the building is

F87 m.The Google map of study area is gien figure 8 below.

".2 DATA COLLECTED

Type of soil M $oarse sand

Ultimate bearing capacity of soil M ;;7 k'6m

Fr& 1 G$$+& I%*& $' S(/8 Ar&*

E


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CHAPTER #

METHODOLOGY

#.1DESCRIPTION


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&ata $ollection

&rafting Plan

&esign Of

-taircase

-oftware %nalysis

&esign Of slabs

&esign of "eams,

3intels N $olumns

&esign of


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PLANNING

SPECIFICATION REPORTThe project work has been proposed as an /T building. #ach floor consists of working

cabins haing enough spacing proision. #ach room has minimum dimension as per rules laid by

goernment. The parking area has been proide at ground floor.

F$/*($The earth work e1caation for foundation shall be carried out up to hard dense soil which is

aailable at .; meters. The safe bearing capacity of soil at .; m is taken as ;;7A'6m.

C$r&(&

R.$.$ column footing shall be designed and constructed with 4)7 concrete,


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P+*)(&r%ll walls are to be plastered with $4 8M* , 8 mm thick e1ternally and internally. %ll e1posed

R$$ works are plastered with $4 8M), 87 mm thick. %n approed water proofing compound isto be mi1ed with mortar for e1ternal work.

F+$$r4abonite tiled flooring is laid oer P$$ 8M;M+ with $4 8M). %ll toilets shall be finished withceramic tiles att floor and finished with gla:ed tiles in all four sides.

F)h&)

%ll wood works are painted with best !uality synthetic enamel paint to get een shade and )coats oer primer coat. %ll e1ternal and internal surfaces shall be painted with ) coats of best

!uality cement paint of approed colors.

E+&(r'*($

$oncealed wiring is carried out for all electrical lights, special fittings etc. suitable switch board

N 4$" are proided in each room, to hae control oer the electrification. % main line supply isaailable at outside.

S*(*r8 */ /r**& *rr*&%&()


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A#B P3%'

8;


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-/G' O< -3%"

8*


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DESIGN OF SLAB

I(r$/($The Reinforced concrete slabs may be designed in two ways.

One way -labs Two

way -labs

O& *8 S+*4

The reinforced concrete -labs may be supported on two parallel long edges only and free

on any support along the parallel short edges. The -tructural action of the -lab is essentially one

way. The -lab in the &irection perpendicular to the supporting beams or walls, carries the loads.

-uch -labs are called slab spanning in one direction. These are known as one0way slabs.

C$/($) '$r * O& *8 S+*4

$onsider long span as 3yand -hort span as 31.

/f the ratio between the 3yand 31is greater than , then it is said to be a one0way -lab.

T$ *8 S+*4

The reinforced concrete slabs supported on its four sides on beams or walls haing the

ratio of a long span less than or e!ual to two are called as slabs spanning in two directions or two

way slabs. The structural action in such slabs is in two way. The loads are carried by the slab

along both short span and long span. The bending moments and deflection in two way slabs are

considerably lesser than those in one way slab for similar loading and similar support conditions.

The deflected surfaces of such slabs hae double curature.

C$/($) '$r * T$ *8 )+*4

$onsider long span as 3yand -hort span as 31.

/f the ratio between the 3yand 31is lesser than , then it is said to be a two0way -lab.

4ost of the -labs in our project are two0way -labs.

8(


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DESIGN OF T=O =AY SLAB

EDGE CONDITION-T=O AD


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S(& 6B&/ %$%&( */ Sh&*r F$rnd conditionM Two adjacent edges discontinuous

-horter span longer span

'egatie 7.7(8 7.7;FPositie 7.7;( 7.7)*

-horter span M

41? 19u31e

0e

e

3onger span M

0e

e

41? 7.7(8 1 8*.;; 1 ;.)F

? 8F.E+ kn.m

41? 7.7;( 1 8*.;; 1 ;.)F

? 8).*( kn.m

4y? y9u31e

4y? 7.7;F 1 8*.;; 1 ;.)F

? 8).+* kn.m

4y? 7.7)* 1 8*.;; 1 ;.)F

? 87.)8 kn.m

u ?7.* 1 wu1 l1e?7.* 1 8*.;; 1 ;.)F ? )).F) A'

S(& > Ch&? '$r E''&(3& /&(h

4u( ? 7.8)+


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-pacing - ?

? ? )78.*F mm

2ence , 8 mm bars proided )77mm c6c in shorter span .

Therefore, actual %st? 18777 ? )F( mm.

F$r L$&r )*

#ffectie depth ? short span eff. depth 0

? 8;7 0 ? 8)7 mm

4u? 7.+F fy%std 8 0 S

8).)* 1 87(? 7.+F 1 ;8* 1 %st1 8)7 8 0 S

*.EE %st0 ;(E)( %st 8).)* 1 87(? 7

%st ? E( mm%dopt, %st ? )77 mm

proide 8mm bars

-pacing - ?

? 1 8777? )*7 mm

2ence, 8 mm bars proided )*7 mm c6c in longer span.

Therefore, actual %st? 18777 ? )7 mm

S(& M%% R&'$r&%&(%st5minH? 7.8 I b &

? 7.778 1 8777 18** ?8+( mm

%st5minH%st,2ence proided reinforcement is safe.

S(& 10 Ch&? '$r )h&*r )(r&))

?

? ? 7.; '6mm

Pt ?

? ? 7.(


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S(& 11 Ch&? '$r /&'+&($ $(r$+

5 H proided ?

5 H ma1 ? 5 H basic 1 k t1 kckt ? fsN ptrelationship from page no )+ /-;*(M777

fs ? 7.*+ 1 f y? 7.*+ 1 ;8* ? ;7.F

pt ?

? ? 7.(

At ? 8.F7 5from graph )+H? 7 1 8.(* 18? ))

)) )8.

5 H ma1 5 Hproided

2ence it is safe.

7


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EDGE CONDITION- ONE LONG EDGE DISCONTINUOUS

S(& 1 D&) $)(*()


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-pacing - ?

?? );F.E mm );7mm

2ence , 8 mm bars proided );7mm c6c in shorter span .

Therefore, actual %st? 18777 ? ))) mm.

F$r L$&r )*

#ffectie depth ? short span eff. depth 0

? 8;7 0 ? 8)7 mm

4u ? 7.+F fy%std 8 0 S

87.E7 1 87(? 7.+F 1 ;8* 1 %st1 8)7 8 0 S

*.EE %st

0 ;(E)( %st

8).)* 1 87(? 7

%st ? ;7 mm

proide 8mm bars

-pacing - ?

?

? ;F8. mm ;*7 mm

2ence, 8 mm bars proided ;*7 mm c6c in longer span.

Therefore, actual %st? 18777 ? *8 mm

S(& M%% R&'$r&%&(

%st5minH? 7.8 I b &? 7.778 1 8777 18** ?8+( mm

%st5minH%st,2ence proided reinforcement is safe.S(& 10 Ch&? '$r )h&*r )(r&))

?

? ? 7.; '6mm

Pt

?

?

? 7.)


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S(& 11 Ch&? '$r /&'+&($ $(r$+

5 H proided ?

5 H ma1 ? 5 H basic 1 k t1 kc

kt ? fsN ptrelationship from page no )+ /-;*(M777fs ? 7.*+ 1 f y? 7.*+ 1 ;8* ? ;7.F

pt ?

? ? 7.)

At ? 8.F7 5from graph )+H? 7 1 8.(* 18? ))

)) )8.

5 Hma1 5 Hproided

2ence it is safe.

;


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EDGE CONDITION- INTERIOR PANEL

S(& 1 D&) $)(*()


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S(& 11 Ch&? '$r /&'+&($ $(r$+

5 H proided ?

5 H ma1 ? 5 H basic 1 k t1 kc

kt ? fsN ptrelationship from page no )+ /-;*(M777fs ? 7.*+ 1 f y? 7.*+ 1 ;8* ? ;7.F

pt ?

? ? 7.

At ? 8.F7 5from graph )+H? 7 1 8.F 18? );

); )8.

5 H ma1 5 Hproided

2ence it is safe.

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SLABS

T*4+& # R&'$r&%&( /&(*+) $' )+*4)

This table shows Reinforcement details of slabs

D*%&(&r

S+*4

8

)

E/& $/($)

Two %djacent edges

discontinuous

One long edge

discontinuous

/nterior panel

T8& $' )+*4

Two way

Two way

Two way

A)(:%%2;

)F(

)))

EF

$'

4*r):%%;

8

8

8

S*

:%%;

)77

);7

)+7

+


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-/G' O< "#%4

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DESIGN OF BEAM

$onsidering a beam, bending moment and shearing stresses are greater than those of

slabs. Therefore, the depth of the beam is goerned by the bending moment criteria while

deflection criteria normally get satisfied.% beam simply supported at its ends carrying a uniformly distributed loads bends with a

concaity upwards. /t is subjected to a ma1imum sagging or positie bending moment at its mid

span and :ero at its supports. -ometimes the beam will be subjected to ma1imum negatie or

hogging bending moment.

The point where the curature changes from sagging to hogging is called at the point of

contra fle1ure.

9hile designing a beam, according to the bending moment we design as a flanged

section or rectangular section or a Tee "eam or 3 "eam.

%t the time of load calculation, end shear from slab, load due to the wall carried by the

beam, self weight of the beam, concentrated load transferred by secondary beam resting on the

main beam are considered.

)7


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DESIGN OF T BEAMS(& 1 D*(*


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.E; %st0 8(;F.* %st 8E(.*( 1 87(? 7

%st ? 8;7 mm

Proide ; nos. of 7 mm bars.4in. ReinforcementM

%st5minH? ? ? 87;+ mm

%st5minH%st2ence, the proided %stis safe.

S(& 6Ch&? '$r )h&*r )(r&))

?

? ? 8.;* '6mm

Two bars of 7 mm are bent up near the supports, the two remaining bars proides an area,

%st ? 1 1 ? (+.)8 mm

Pt ?

? ? 7.(7F


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S(& >$heck'$r /&'+&($ $(r$+/gnoring the contribution of flanges 5conseratieH

Pt ?

?

? 8.8 N f y? ;7.F

5 Hma1 ? 5 Hbasic1 kt1 kc

? 7 1 7.E* 1 8 ? 8E

5 Hproided ? ? 88.(

5 Hma1 5 Hproided

2ence it is safe.

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF BEAMS

This table shows Reinforcement details ofT 4&*%

B&*%

%ll floors

S*

:%;

*.)

A)(:%%2;

8;7

R&'$r&%&(

;07mm

B&*%

)&

)7mm 1

*77mm

S* $'

)(rr)

)*7mm

c6c

))


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Total ultimate load on 3 beam ? 8.*58+.++ 1 *.)H? 8;+.8E A'


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S(& > Sh&*r r&'$r&%&()

Pt

c

-ince c

?

?

?

?

???

).7)'6mm

8.8

7.(+ '6mm5


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This table shows Reinforcement details ofL 4&*%

B&*%

%ll floor

S*

:%;

*.)

A)(:%%2;

8*(

R&'$r&%&(

;07mm

B&*% )&

)7mm 1

*77mm

S* $'

)(rr)

877mm

c6c

)F


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-/G' O< 3/'T#3

)+


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DESIGN OF LINTELSTEP 1 DATA

&oor si:e ? ;m Q )m

%ssume si:e of the lintel ? )7 1 8*7 mmUsing + mm diameter with a nominal coer of 7 mm

#ffectie depth aailable ? 8*7 0 570+6H?8( mm V 8)7mm

STEP 2 EFFECTIVE SPAN

8. $entre to centre of bearings ? ;777 7.)7 ? ;)7 mm

. $entre of opening effectie depth ? ;777 8)7 ? ;8)7 mm

#ffectie span ? ;8)7mmSTEP " LOAD CALCULATIONS

2eight of e!uilateral triangle

98

? 7.+(( 1 3? 7.+F(( 1 ;.8)7

? ).*F m

? W 1 ;.8) 1 ).*F 1 7.)7 1 7? )).E8A'

/mpose load ? ;.8) 1 7.( 1 F*7

? 8.+*A'-elf weight of lintel ? 7.)7 1 7.8* 1 ;.8) 1 *

? ).*( A'

Total u.d.l w ? )).E 8.+* ).*(? )E.) A'

STEP # MAIMUM BENDING MOMENT AT MID SPAN

4

4uu

?

?

? ;).((A'6m

? 8.* 1 ;).((? (*.;E A'm

? )E.) 1 8.*? *+.E+A'

STEP 5 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

4u

(*.;E Q 87(

%st

? 7.+F fy%std 8 0

? 7.+F Q ;8* Q 8)7 80

? E7.( mm

S

S

Proide + nos. of 8 mm bars.

)E


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STEP 5

Pt

c

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

?

?? 8.EF '6mm

?

?? ).78? 7.E'6mm

cQ A ? 7.E Q 8.)7 ? 8.8E

- ?

? ? )E; mm

-pacing of the stirrups is the least of8. - ? )E7 mm. 7.F*d ? 7.F* 1 8)7 ? EF.* mm V 877 mm

2ence proide +mm two legged stirrups 877 mm c6c.

;7


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DESIGN OF LINTELSTEP 1 DATA

&oor si:e ? 8.m Q 8.m

%ssume si:e of the lintel ? )7 1 8*7 mmUsing + mm diameter with a nominal coer of 7 mm

#ffectie depth aailable ? 8*7 0 570+6H?8( mm V 8)7mm


). $entre to centre of bearings ? 877 7.)7 ? 8;)7 mm

;. $entre of opening effectie depth ? 877 8)7 ? 8))7 mm

#ffectie span ? 8))7mmSTEP " LOAD CALCULATIONS

2eight of e!uilateral triangle

98

? 7.+(( 1 3? 7.+F(( 1 8.))7

? 8.8*8 m

? W 1 8.)) 1 8.8*81 7.)7 1 7? ).*A'

/mpose load ? 8.)) 1 7.( 1 7.F*

? 7.*EA'-elf weight of lintel ? 7.)7 1 7.8* 1 8.)) 1 *

? 8.8;A'

Total u.d.l w ? ).* 7.*E8 8.8;? *.* A'

STEP # MAIMUM BENDING MOMENT AT MID SPAN

4

4uu

?

?

? 8.(*A'6m? 8.* 1 8.(*? .;F* A'm

? *.*1 8.*

? F.+FA'


4u

.;F Q 87(

%st

? 7.+F fy%std 8 0

? 7.+F Q ;8* Q 8)7 80? **mm

S

S

Proide nos. of + mm bars.

;8


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STEP 5

Pt

c

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

?

?? 7.( '6mm

?

?

? 7.))? 7.)('6mm

cQ A ? 7.)(Q 8.)7 ? 7.;(

7.( 7.;(

2ence it is safe.

;


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-/G' O< $O3U4'-

;)


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DESIGN OF COLUMN

:A*+ +$*/&/ $+%;

GROUND FLOOR

STEP 1 DATA


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STEP 5 LATERAL TIES

TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

The diameter of the transerse links shall not be less than

X th the column of the largest longitudinal bar

( mm

$& 6 ; ? 7 6 ; ? *mm $(mm.

SPACING OF TRANSEVERSE LINS

This shall not e1ceed the least of the followingM

The least lateral dimension of the column

8. 8( times the dia of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing rod in the column

. ;+ times the dia of the transerse reinforcement

). 2ere spacing

aH#50%%

bH8( Q 7?)7 mm cH;+Q ( ?++mm

Proide (mm dia of lateral ties )77mm c6c.

;*


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DESIGN OF COLUMN

:A*+ +$*/&/ $+% (h **+ 4&/;

STEP 1 DATA


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STEP # AREA OF STEEL

%s ?

?? ;)7 mm

Proide + nos. of 7mm bars.

STEP 5 LATERAL TIESTRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

The diameter of the transerse links shall not be less than

X th the column of the largest longitudinal bar

( mm

$& 6 ; ? 7 6 ; ? *mm $(

mm.


This shall not e1ceed the least of the followingM

The least lateral dimension of the column

8. 8( times the dia of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing rod in the column

. ;+ times the dia of the transerse reinforcement

). 2ere spacing

aH#50%%

bH8( Q 7?)7 mm

cH;+ Q ( ?++mm


;F


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DESIGN OF COLUMN

:A*+ +$*/&/ $+% (h 4**+ 4&/;

STEP 1 DATA


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%sc

%c%

g

Pu:

? 8. I %g? 7.78 1 ;*7 1 ;*7? ;)7 mm

? %g0 %sc? 5;*7 Q ;*7H ? 7*77 mm

? 7*77 0 ;)7? 777F7 mm

? 57.;* 1 )7 1 777F7H 57.F* 1 ;8* 1 ;)7H

? );*F. A'

?

? 7.+

/- ;*(M777 recommends a simplified procedure based on breslerJs empirical formulationinoling the salient design parameters,

4u1N 4uyare moments about Q and B a1es due to design loads4u18N 4uy8are ma1imum unia1ial moment capacity for an a1ial load Pubending aboutQ and B a1is respectiely.

anis an e1ponent whose alue depends on the ratio 5Pu6Pu:H

The alues of anaries linearly from 8 to .


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This shall not e1ceed the least of the followingMThe least lateral dimension of the column

8( times the dia of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing rod in the column

;+ times the dia of the transerse reinforcement2ere spacing

aH #50%%

bH8( Q 7?)7 mm

cH;+ Q ( ?++mm


REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF COLUMN

This table shows Reinforcement details of columns

M* L*(&r*+ (&) S* $' +*(&r*+

S& r&'$r&%&( D*%&(&r (& F+$$r

O' $+% /*%&(&r :%%; :%%;

:%%;

;*7mm 1 7 ( )77 Ground

;*7mm


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-/G' O<


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D&) $' F$$(D%&)$)

-i:e of column ? ;*7mmQ;*7mm


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/; E''&(3& /&(h $' '$$(M

d? 54u67.8)+ fcA bH

? 5;;7.+8Q87(67.8)+Q)7Q87)H

? )(.) mmY?)*7 mm.

&epth 5dH based on shear consideration will be double than that due to moment

consideration.

#ffectie depth ? d ? Q )*7 mm ? F77 mm.

Oerall depth ? d ? F7mm ;7mm

& ? ddJ ? F;7mm

&;R&'$r&%&(

4u ? Z7.+FQ fy Q %stQd[ 80 Z%st Q fy6 bd fcA[S;;7.+8Q87(

%st

? 57.+FQ;8*Q%stQF77H 80 ;8*Q %st687)Q)7QF77S

? 8+87 mm

A/$( 20%% /*%&(&r 4*r) :@ $); 200 %%

%st proided ? *8) mm

'; Ch&? '$r )h&*r )(r&))M

-hear stress at a distance ? u.

5 e!ual to effectie depthH

u ? 58.07.F7H (8.; ? )7(.8 A'

? u6bd ? )7(.8Q87)687)QF77

@? 7.;) '6mm

877%st6bd ? Z877Q*8)687)QF77[

? 7.+

@c ? 7.;* '6mm

Permissible shear stress ?As@c

?8Q@c

?7.;* '6mm

5As@cH

Y@

-afe factor shear permissible limit 5within safety limitH


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REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF FOOTING

This table shows Reinforcement details of footing

S& M* M* S* D&(h $'

$' '$$( R&'$r&%&( R&'$r&%&( $' 4*r '$$(

:$& /r&($; :$(h&r /r&($; :%% ; :%;

.+*m 1.+*m + 'os of + 'os of 77 7.F;

7mm 7mm

*;


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DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

-tair cases are generally proided connecting successie floors of a building and in small

buildings they are the only means of access between the floors. The staircases comprise of flight

of steps generally with one or more intermediate landings proided between the floor leels. %flight of steps consists of two landings and one going with 87 to 8 steps.

The structural component of a flight of stairs consists ofM

5aH Tread which forms the hori:ontal portion of the step. The tread is usually *7 to )77

mm wide depending upon the type of the building.

5bH Riser is the ertical distance between the adjacent treads or the ertical projection of

the step, generally in the range of 8*7 to 8E7 mm depending upon the type of the

building. The width of the stairs aries in the range of 8 to 8.*m with a minimum

alue of +*7mm.

5cH Going forms the hori:ontal plan projection of an inclined flight of steps between the

first and the last riser.

*(


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DESIGN OF STAIRCASE5&OG 3#GG#& -T%/R$%-# 9/T2 9%/-T -3%"H

STEP 1 DATA

Tread, T

Rise, R9idth of landing

9idth of passage

9idth of each flight2eight of each flight'o of Rises in each flight

'o of Tread

? *7 mm

?77mm?E77mm

? +*7 mm?*7 mm

?777 mm? 777677 ? 87 'os? E 'os


#ffectie span ? 5)76H +*7 *7 E77 5)76H

? ;)7 mm

Thickness of waist slab ? ?

? 88.* mm V 8* mm

#ffectie depth ?8* 0 * ? 8E7 mm

STEP " LOAD CALCULATION

&ead load of the slab ? 7.8* 1 8 1 * ? *.)F* A'6m

&ead load of the slab on hori:ontal span 68m, 9 ? S

? S

? (.++ A'6m

&ead load of one step ? 7.* 1 7.7 1 7.* 1 *

? 7.(* A'

&ead load of one step 6m ? ? .* A'6m


68/79


4u ? 7.+F fy%std 8 0 S

*8.*E 1 87(

%st

? 7.+F 1 ;8* 1 %st1 8E7 8 0

? +87 mm

S

%ssume 8mm bars

-pacing - ? ? 8)Emm

%dopt - ? 8)7mm

Thus proide 8 mm bars 8)7mm c6c.

STEP > DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT

%st5minH? 7.8 I b &? 7.778 1 8777 1 8* ?*+ mm

Proide +mm bars

-pacing - ? ? 8+7 mm

Thus proide + mm bars 8+7 mm c6c.

STEP @ CHEC FOR SHEAR

?

? ? 7.* '6mm

Pt ?

? ? 7.;(

A c ? 8. 1 7.)( ? 7.;) '6mm

A c

*+


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2ence the design of doglegged staircase is safe.

*E


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GREEN MATERIALS

>.1 =ATER LESS URINALS

%s urine is about E(I li!uid, no additional water is really needed to washit down the drain. The waterless, urinal, looking much like its conentional

counterpart, takes adantage of this concept with generally positie results.

9aterless urinals do away with the re!uirement of water for flushing and result in

saing of between *(,+77 litres to 8F7,777 litres of water per urinal per year. To achiee

odour control in waterless urinals, odour traps using sealant li!uid, microbial control,

rubber membrane and curtain ale hae been deeloped across the world.

The waterless urinal appears and works like a conentional urinal, e1cept that it

does not flush and, therefore, re!uires no water. 3ike their traditional counterparts,

waterless urinals are made of fibreglass or itreous china, and are offered in white as well

as arious custom colours.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

9aterless urinals contribute positiely to the enironment.


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COMPARISSION OF NORMAL AND =ATERLESS URINALS

-.'O

8

)

;

*

'OR4%3 UR/'%3-

4aintenance cost is high

3abour cost 5maintenance and

cleaningH02igh

9et operation in flush proide

faourable conditions for

gems.5unhygienicH

2igh water consumption

$hances for $ommunicable

diseases

9%T#R3#-- UR/'%3-

2igh cost in initiali:ation but can be paid back

during itJs life time

3abour cost 5maintenance and cleaningH0less

&ry operation makes hostile conditions for

bacteria and iruses

'o water consumption

'o handle5Touch0freeH thus reducing the

spreading of communicable diseases

>.1.1 ECONOMIC PAYBAC OF =ATERLESS URINALS

8. 9aterless urinals can be installed in both UR"%' and RUR%3 areas.

. $onsere water and energy, Reduces the waste water generation.

). $ollected urinals can be used in productie industrial and agricultural applications

5'ew Paradigm in waste water managementH.

8. Rebates and /ncenties0-ome water utility companies offer rebates and incentie

payments to owners installing waterless urinals. Payments range from a partial to full

reimbursement for the cost of no0flush urinals.

. Repair of flush ales due to use, failure, or andalism will not be re!uired. 'either is

cleanup resulting from backed up drains and oerflows

). Therefore, labor costs for no0flush urinals should be less than for flush0types. The costs

of replacement cartridges can outweigh the maintenance labour saing.

F.8.GREEN BUILDING CREDITS4any new construction projects nowadays are earning certification as Lgreen

buildingsL under the 3##& program deeloped by the U.-. Green "uilding $ouncil.

/nstallation of waterless urinals helps gain water conseration points.

(8


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>.2 ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL

A+%% C$%$)(& P*&+ :ACP;orA+%% C$%$)(& M*(&r*+

:ACM;is a widely0used term describing flat panels that consist of a non0aluminium core

bonded between two aluminium sheets. %luminium sheets can be coated with Polyester

paint.

%$P is ery rigid and strong despite its light weight. %luminium can be painted in

any kind of colour, and %$Ps are produced in a wide range of metallic and non0metallic

colours as well as patterns that imitate other materials, such as wood or marble.

%pplications of %$Ps are not limited to e1ternal building cladding, but can also

be used in any form of cladding such as partitions, false ceilings etc. %luminium

$omposite Panels are also widely used within the signage industry as an alternatie to

heaier, more e1pensie substrates.

F&*(r&)

#1cellent fireproof property.

-uper peeling strength.

Perfect cold resistance performance.

#1cellent surface flatness and smoothness.

-uperior weather,corrosion,pollutant resistance.

-uperior impact resistance.

3ightweight and easy to process.

#asy to maintain.

>.2.1 ECONOMIC PAYBAC OF :ACP;

3ess maintenance.

%esthetic look for longer period of time.

Reduces health ha:ards.

(


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>.2."GREEN BUILDING CREDITS

4any new construction projects nowadays are earning certification as Lgreen


/nstallation of %luminium $omposite Panel 5%$PH helps gain indoor enironment !uality

points.

>." GLASS

Glass is completely recyclable and non0to1ic in nature. /t satisfies all the

ecological parameters of being the most sought after LgreenL building material in Green

"uildings

Green building design criteria emphasi:es the energy0efficient performance of

fenestration materials and ma1imum use of natural daylight. Gien this background,

Glass is an indispensable material for green building. /t has a wide range of functional

benefits. /ts transparency allows day0lighting of the interiors and integrates the interiors

with the e1teriors. -tudies hae proen time and again that this substantially improes the

productiity and health of the occupants of the building.

GREEN BENEFITS $' GLASS

&ay0lighting 0 The use of glass brings in lot of light that helps in giing a high

amount of natural day lighting instead of depending solely on artificial lighting

thus reducing considerably electricity consumption.

"lending interiors with e1teriors 5iewsH 0 Glass facades gie a spectacular iew

of the outside world from the co:y interiors.

Recyclability 0 Glass being recyclable satisfies the important parameter of being a

LGreenL building material.

%chieing energy efficiency 0 2igh performance glass helps in controlling the

solar and thermal heat in the interiors and helps to maintain the temperature at its

minimum best and in turn helps to tone down the air0conditioning e1penses.

/nnoatie application 0 "eing ery fle1ible building material glass helps to

satisfy and capture an architectJs utmost imagination in its shape and form.

()


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$ontrols noiseM &ouble gla:ed glass facades help in achieing a high degree of

acoustic comfort by keeping away noise penetrating from the e1teriors to the

interiors thus ensuring a calmer atmosphere inside.

-elf $leaningM The future belongs to self0cleaning glass which keeps itself clean

on its own and brings out an eer sparkling effect.

>.# PAINTS

Today, most interior and e1terior paints are found to hae high leels of O$s,

which help them to dry faster. "ut, these O$s emit smog0forming chemicals into the air

and thus become the major contributor to ground0leel o:one pollution. These release

low0leel emissions into the air for years after the application. %nd the major source of

these to1ins is a ariety of olatile organic compounds, which, until recently, were

essential to the performance of the paint.

olatile organic compounds are substances that eaporate from paint allowing it

to dry and are ery to1ic to humans. #en after the paint has dried, O$s can continue to

be released from the paint for years, thus, harming the occupants. The easiest solution is

to use paints that do not contain O$s and instead contain a non0harmful drying agent.

3ow O$ paints are the ones which use water as a carrier instead of petroleum0

based solents. They contain reduced leels of olatile organic compounds 5O$sH,

which emit smog producing pollutants into the air.

The new enironmental regulations hae resulted in alternatie solutions 0 3ow

O$ and Kero O$ paints. 3ower O$ paints presere both indoor and outdoor air

!uality and reduce the incidence of eye or respiratory irritation from e1posure to O$

fumes.

T8&) $' $-VOC *()

1. N*(r*+ P*() */ F)h&)-These are paints made from natural raw ingredients

such as water, plant oils and resins, plant dyes and essential oils,natural minerals such as

clay, chalk and talcum\ milk casein, natural late1, bees wa1, earth and mineral dyes.

9ater based natural paints gie off almost no smell. The oil based natural paints usually

(;


75/79

hae a pleasant fragrance of citrus or essential oils. %llergies or sensitiities to these

paints are uncommon. These paints are the safest for oneJs health and also for the

enironment.

2.

&r$ VOC *()-

%ccording to the #P% 5#nironmental Protection %gencyHstandard, any paint in the range of * grams6litre or less can be called JKero O$J paint.

%dding a colour tint usually brings the O$ leel up to 87 grams6litre, which is still !uite

low.

".L$ VOC *()-%s described aboe, the leel of harmful emissions are lower than

solent0borne surface coatings, as they carry water as a carrier instead of petroleum base

solents. These certified coatings also contain no, or ery low leels, of heay metals and

formaldehyde. The amount of O$s in paints should not e1ceed 77 grams6litre and in

arnishes, it should not e1ceed )77 grams6litre. 3ow O$ paints tend to emit odour until

dry. To aoid this, one should buy paints that contain O$s less than * grams6litre.

A/3*(*&)

8. #nironment friendly, as there are lower leels of o:one pollution.

.


76/79

GREEN BUILDING CREDITS

4any new construction projects nowadays are earning certification as Lgreen


UsingLO= VOC PAINTShelps gain O:one safety and /nnoatie design points.

>.5 CARPETS

% carpet is a te1tile floor coering consisting of an upper layer of LpileL attached

to a backing. The pile is generally either made from wool or a manmade fibre such as

polypropylene, and usually consists of twisted tufts which are often heat0treated to

maintain their structure.

=OOL CARPET MATERIAL

9ool carpet has no synthetic dyes. 9ool carpeting is usually dyed with natural

pigments so you can aoid synthetic dyes. This is important for people allergies or

chemical sensitiities.'atural wool offers ama:ing insulating properties.

9ool is naturally fire0resistant\ 9ool carpet comes in endless design options.

$arpet made from synthetic fibers often contains petroleum products, and petroleum is a

non0renewable resource. 9ool, on the other hand, renews itself !uite rapidly.

Th& B&&'() $' Ch$$) C*r&(

The benefits deried from selecting good !uality carpets in any type of

application are manifoldM what other type of floor coering will proide sound insulation,

energy saings, underfoot comfort, a safe, non0slip floor, and be easy to clean and install,

with good wear and non0allergenic properties.

ECONOMIC PAYBAC OF CARPET USE

S$/ I)+*($

The usage of carpet gies e1cellent noise proof thus proiding a !uiter

enironment for the workers.

((


77/79

E&r8 S*3

$arpets can make a measurable contribution to retaining the warmth in a room

and therefore saing energy. $arpets hae low heat conduction and are natural thermal

insulators creating a heat barrier.

%s a result, as much as 87I of the heat in a room which would be dissipated with

smooth floor coering is retained in the room by the carpet.

This, combined with the outstanding underfoot comfort of a carpet, can result in a

considerable reduction in the use of heating in the transition from a warm to a cold

season. /t has been estimated that up to )7 days heating can be saed, resulting in an

energy saing of around ;0(I and a conse!uent reduction in heating bills.

S*'&(8

-afety coers two aspects 0 reduced slippage, especially when wet, and a decrease

in stress on joints The soft resilient fibres of a carpet proide a cushioning effect and

e1cellent orthopedic properties.

The underfoot safety of carpets is an important feature, both in the home and the

workplace. /nfants and the elderly in particular benefit from the non0slip aspects of

carpets and, in the eent of a fall, the soft resilience of the carpet lowers the risk of injury.

H&*+(h

9ith their superb dust0trapping properties, carpets are conducie to a healthy

liing enironment. &ust settles !uickly and is then securely held by the pile fibres of the

carpet until it is acuumed again.

C+&* */ M*(&*&

$leaning and maintenance of carpet is !uick, easy and lowcost.

(F


78/79


79/79

REFERENCE

8. L%danced Reinforced $oncrete -tructuresL, by &r. Arishna Raju.

. LR.$.$ -/G'L, by &r.-. Ramamrutham.

). /'&/%' -T%'&%R& code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete,

/-;*(M777

8. $ode of practice for load calculation /- +F*M8E+F.

. $ode of practice for load calculation -P 8(.

). L3imit state &esign of reinforced concreteL by P.$. arghese .

;. /llustrated design of R.$ "uildingsL by A.3 -hah and -.R Aare.

*. -tructural design and drawingsL by &r. ArishnaRaju.

(. -oil mechanics and foundation engineeringL by ".$ Punmia.

Documents

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