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PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
Early Scientists’ Contributions:
Record notes
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• First
compound
light
microscope
Robert Hooke
• Coined the
term “cell”
Matthias Schlieden
• All plants are
made of cells
Theodor Schwann
• All animals are
made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
• Cells can only
arise from
pre-existing
cells
Cell Theory: Record on page 4
1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms.
3. All cells come from other cells all ready in existence.
Building Blocks of Life from
Large to Small: Record on page 5
1. Biosphere
2. Ecosystem
3. Community
4. Population
5. Individual
6. Organ System
7. Organs
7. Tissues
8. Cells
9. Molecules
10. Atoms
11. Quarks
Cell Functions: Record
CELL WALL: PLANT
• Function:Gives the cell most of its support and structure
• A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell
• Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant
Analogy: Like a
brick wall
CELL MEMBRANE
• Function:
Semi permeable,
allowing some
substances to pass
into the cell and
blocking others.
• Thin layer of
protein and fat that
surrounds the cellAnalogy: Like a
gate
Chloroplast
• Function:
Where
photosynthesis
takes place
• An elongated or
disc-shaped
organelle
containing
chlorophyll
Analogy: I am sweet
like a mint
gumdrop.
Cytoplasm• Function:
Where the
organelles are
located.
• Analogy: Like cherry
Jello.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Function:
transports
materials through
the cell
• Rough ER is
covered with
ribosome's that
give it a rough
appearance Analogy: Like a
train.
Golgi Bodies• Function:
Golgi bodies are the
packaging and
secreting organelles
of the cell.
• Are stacks of
membrane-covered
sacs that package
and move proteins
to the outside of the
cell. Analogy: Like
Amazon
Lysosome
• Function:
Where the digestion
of cell nutrients takes
place
• Also called cell
vesicles
• Spherical organelles
surrounded by a
membrane
• They contain
digestive enzymes
Analogy: Like a
garbage disposal
Mitochondria• Functions:
Powerhouse of the cell. Where energy of the cell is released.
• Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane
• Membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae)
Analogy: Like
a battery
Nucleus:The Manager• Function:
Controls many of the functions of the cell
• Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus
• Contains DNA (in chromosomes)
• Surrounded by the nuclear membrane
Analogy: Like a
boss or CEO
Ribosome's
• Function:Small structures in
the cytoplasm that
create proteins.
• Ribosome's are
either free floating
in the cytoplasm of
a cell or attached
to endoplasmic
reticulum in a cell.
• Analogy: Like BBQ
ribs
Vacuole• Function: a
vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell
• Fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell
• Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell
Analogy: Like a
suitcase
Plant Cell
Cross Section: Animal Cell
Edible Plant and Animal Cells
More Edible Cells
Material Suggestions• pieces each of round and square bread (cell)
• honey (cytoplasm)
• Marshmallows (vacuoles) – 1 large white for plant, 5 small yellow for animal
• Straight Pretzels (cell wall)
• Wrapped Hard Candies (nucleus)
• jelly beans (mitochondria)
• green Marshmallows (chloroplasts)
• Twizzlers (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
• Smarties (Golgi Bodies)
• Gum Drops (Lysosomes)
• jar of Sprinkles (Ribosomes)
• aluminum foil (cell membrane)