Plant Engineering 2 Marks All 5 Units

7/25/2019 Plant Engineering 2 Marks All 5 Units

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POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

TWO MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2015 - 2016


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UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO POWER PLANT AND BOILERS

1 What i !"a#t $% &'(") &*a#t+

Power can be defined as the rate of flow of energy and state that a power plant is a Unit

built for production and delivery of a flow of mechanical work and electrical energy. A

machine or assembling of equipment that produces and delivers a flow of mechanical and

electrical energy is a power plant.

2 What a)" th" t%&" ', &'(") &*a#t+

Steam power plant

Hydro electric power plant

Diesel power plant

uclear power plant

!as turbine power plant

"HD power plant

Lit th" ,a.t') ', &'(") &*a#t &"),')!a#."/

#he performance of a power plant can be e$pressed through some common

Performance factors as

%. Heat rate

&. 'apacity factor(. )conomic efficiency

*. +oad factor

,. -perational efficiency

What a)" th" !a') &'(") *i!itati'# ', .'#"#ti'#a* "#")3% '4)."+

%.esources for power generation i.e/ coal/ gas etc./ are limited

&.#he hydro power is seasonal and varies depending upon the rainfall

in the catchment areas

(.Submersion of land area due to raise in water level*. 'entrali0ed power generation and distribution of the same to long distances will

result in high losses.

,.#he energy conversion process from thermal power pro1ects results in emission

of green house gases


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5 Lit '4t th" a)i'4 .'#"#ti'#a* a# #'# .'#"#ti'#a* &'(") &*a#t

#ypes of conventional power plant2

%. Hydro power plant

&. Steam power plant

(. uclear power plant*. !as turbine power plant

#ypes of non3conventional power plant2

%. #idal power plant

&. 4ind power plant

(. !eothermal power plant

*. Solar power plant

,. 4ave power plant

5. "HD !eneration

6 Lit th" th")!a* &'(") &*a#t i# Ta!i*#a4/

Alathiur 6&7%8"49/ #amilnadu/ "adras cements

)nnore 6&75:"4/(7%%:"49 #amilnadu )lectricity ;oard

eyveli 657,:"4/&7%::"49 #amilnadu eyveli lignite corp +t

What i th" 4" ', 4)3" ta#7+

#he surge tank is used to provide better regulation of water pressure in the system. #he surge tank

controls the water when the load on the turbine decreases and supplies water when the load on the

turbine increases. #hus/ surge tank controls the pressure variations resulting from the rapid

changes in water flow in penstock and hence prevents water hammer

8 E9&*ai# a$'4t &"#t'.7+

#he pipe between surge tank and prime mover is known as penstock.


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12 What i th" ,4#.ti'# ', .''*i#3 %t"! i# Di""* &'(") &*a#t+

#he function of cooling system is to remove heat from the engine cylinder to keep the

temperature of the cylinder in low range and e$tend engine life.

1 What i th" &4)&'" ', i#t").''*") i# 3a t4)$i#" &'(") &*a#t+

Since the power required to compress the air is less in isothermal process it is required to

maintain the/ temperature of air constant as far as possible. Hence the air leaving the +.P.

compressor is cooled by intercooler and then passed to the H.P compressor.

1 Na!" i!&')ta#t hi3h &)"4)" $'i*")+

+a "ont boiler

;enson boiler

+offler boiler

=elo$ boiler.

15 What i th" !ai# &4)&'" ', hi3h-&)"4)" $'i*")+

#he high3pressure boilers are used to increase the efficiency of the plant and to

reduce the cost of electricity production.

16 What a)" th" a4!&ti'# !a" ,') ai) ta#a) .%.*" a#a*%i+

#he working medium is a perfect gas throughout

#he working medium Does not undergo any chemical change throughout cycle.

#he compression and e$pansion process are reversible adiabatic.

#he operation of the engine is friction less

1 What i th" ,4#.ti'# ', ".'#'!i;")+

>eed water from the feed tank is supplied to the economi0er by feed pump. #he economi0er is

used to preheat the water before it goes the boiler. #here is a heat e$changer from the hot gases

to the feed water

18

D)a( th" P-< a# T-S ia3)a! ', th" B)a%t'# .%.*"/


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1: E9&*ai# )"-h"at .%.*"/


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5. #ehri Dam/ Uttranchal/ %::: "4

26 What a)" th" ""#tia* "*"!"#t ', h%)' &'(") &*a#t+

%. 'atchment area

&. eservation

(. Dam

*. Surge tanks

,. Draft tubes

5. Power house

. Switched for transmission of power

2 What i !"a#t $% .at.h!"#t a)"a a# "9&*ai# it ,4#.ti'#=

#he whole area behind the dam is called the catchment area. #he rain water in the area will

be drained into the dam through a dam or river.

28 E9&*ai# R"")'i)=

A reservoir may be natural/ like a lake on a mountain or artificially built by erecting a dam

across a river.

2: D",i#" 4)3" ta#7=

A Surge tank is a small reservoir in which the water level rises swings during -pening and

closing of inlet valve.

0 What i a !i#i a# !i.)' >%)' &*a#t+

#he mini power plants operate with ,m3&:m head and produce about % "4 to ,"4 of

power.

#he micro power plants require a head less than ,m and produce :.% "4 to %

1 What i !"a#t $% &)'&"**") t4)$i#"+

#he basic propeller turbine consists of a propeller.


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#he pitch of the propeller blades together with wicket gate ad1ustment enables easonable

efficiency to be maintained under part flow conditions. Such turbines are

'alled as ?aplan turbines D",i#" t(i# )4##")=

#wo runners can be placed on the same shaft either side by side or on opposite Sides of the

generator. #his configuration is unusual and would only be used if the umber of 1ets per runner

had ma$imi0ed.8 Stat" th" aa#ta3" ', i!&4*" t4)$i#" '") )"a.ti'# t4)$i#"=


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( Wh% th" &)"&a)ati'# ', .'a* i #"."a)%+

#he coal from coal nines cannot be directly fed into the furnace. Proper preparation of coal

should be done before feeding the coal to the furnace. light conveyors.

#he coal transfer starts by carrying of coal from unloading point to the storage site.

, W)it" a$'4t .*ai,i.ati'# ', )a43ht+

Draught is classified as

%. atural draught

&. Artificial draught

#he artificial draught is further classified as

6a9 Steam 1et draught

6b9 "echanical draught

6c9 orced draught

5 D",i#" th" t")! Nat4)a* )a43ht a# (hat a)" th" aa#ta3" ', #at4)a* )a43ht %t"!+

#he tall chimney creates the natural draught by the temperature difference between hot

gases in the chimney and cold atmospheric air outside the chimney.#he advantages are

o e$ternal power is required

Air pollution is less since gases are discharged at high level.

o maintenance cost

'apital cost is less than artificial draught.

W)it" a$'4t a)ti,i.ia* )a43ht+


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Pressure throughout the system is above atmospheric pressure so the air leakage into the

furnace is reduced.

%: What i th" 4" ', &4*")i") a# #a!" i,,")"#t t%&" ', &4*")ii#3 !i**+

#he pulveriser is used to pulveri0e the coal in order to increase the surface e$posure. Pulveri0ed

coal enables rapid combustion. #he different types of pulveri0ing mills are

%. ;all mill

&. Hammer mill

(. ;all and race mill.

%% >'( th" ah ha#*i#3 %t"! i .*ai,i"+

%. "echanical handling system

&. Hydraulic system(. Pneumatic system

*. Steam 1et system

%& Na!" i,,")"#t t%&" ', 4t .'**".t')+

%. "echanical Dust collector

!ravitational separators

;ag house dust collector

#here are three types of bag house dust collector

-pen pressure type

'losed pressure type

'losed suction type

&. 'yclone. Separators

(. )lector Static Precipitator 6)SP9

%( What i th" !ai# &4)&'" ', .hi!#"%+

#he main purpose of chimney is to emit the flue gases at a considerable height to avoid nuisance

to the surrounding people.

%* / D",i#" ,')." )a,t a# i#4." )a,t .''*i#3 t'(")


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i. #he outlet water comes in contact with the driest air and warmest water comes in contact

with most humid air.

ii. #he re3circulation is seldom a problem.

iii. #he first cost is low due to the reduction in pump power consumption.

%5 What i th" (')7i#3 &)i#.i&*" ', C''*i#3 T'(")+

#he hot water is sprayed from the top of the tower/ while the air is made to flow from the bottom of

the tower to the top. #his air cools the hot water in the cooling tower. Air vapori0es a small

percentage of water/ there by cooling the remaining water. #he air absorbs the heat and leaves at

the top of the tower and cooled water leaves at the bottom and recalculated to the condenser.

% What a)" th" ,a.t') that a,,".t th" )at" ', "a&')ati'# ', (at") i# .''*i#3 t'(")+ A!'4#t', (at") 4),a." a)"a "9&'"

#he time of e$posure

#he relative velocity of air passing over the droplets

#he H of air

#he direction of airflow relative to water

%8 Na!" i,,")"#t t%&" ', .''*i#3 t'(")+

#he cooling towers are classified as follows.

6a9 According to the construction of material

%. #imber 3 for small tower

&. >erro concrete 3 for large capacity stations.

(. "ulti deck concrete towers 3 for large steam stations

*. "etallic

6b9 According to the nature of air draught3

%. Atmospheric 6or9 atural draught cooling system

&. "echanical draught cooling tower.

%@ >'( th" at!'&h")i. @') #at4)a* )a43ht .''*i#3 t'(")- a)" .*ai,i"+

'( !".ha#i.a* )a,t .''*i#3 t'(") a)" .*ai,i"+

"echanical draft cooling tower is classified into three types

%. >orced draft tower.


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&.


12/24

UNIT III

NUCLEAR AND >YDEL POWER PLANT

% D",i#" N4.*"a) ii'#/

An atomCs nucleus can be split apart. 4hen this is done a tremendous amount of energy is

released. #he energy is both heat and light energy. #his energy/ when let out slowly can be

harnessed to generate electricity.

& D",i#" N4.*"a) 4i'#/

>usion means 1oining smaller nuclei to make a larger nucleus. #he sun uses nuclear fusion of

hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. #his gives off heat and other radiation.( Na!" th" i,,")"#t .'!&'#"#t ', #4.*"a) )"a.t')+

%. uclear fuel &. "oderator (. 'ontrol rods *. eflectors

,. eactor vessel 5. ;iological shielding . 'oolant

* What i th" &4)&'" ', )"&)'."i#3 ', #4.*"a) (at"+

#he used fuel contains @5E uranium/%E plutonium and (E radioactive wastes. eprocessing

is used to separate the waste from the uranium and plutonium which can be recycled into new fuel.

#he reprocessing effectively reduces the volume of waste and limits the need to mine new supplies

of uranium/ so that e$tending the time of resources.

, What i N"4t)'# *i," ti!"+

#he prompt neutron lifetime/ is the average time between the emission of neutrons and either

their absorption in the system or their escape from the system. #he term lifetime is used because

the emission of a neutron is often considered its birth/ and the subsequent absorption is considered

its death.

5 What i U)a#i4!-25 .hai# R"a.t')+


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uranium atoms splitting those. #hose particles given off split still other atoms in a chain reaction. ;9

,. High temperature !as cooled reactors6H#!'9

%( What a)" &)"4)i;" (at") )"a.t') @PWR+

#he P4 belongs to the light water type. #he moderator and the coolant are both light water

6H&-9. #he cooling water circulates in two loops/ which are fully separated from one another. P4

keep water under pressure/ so the water heats but does not boil even at the high operating

temperature.

%* What i $'i*i#3 (at") )"a.t') @BWR+


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the water boils away in the reactor pressure vessel/ thus a mi$ture of water and steam leaves the

reactor core.

%, What i M'*t"# Sa*t R"a.t') @MSR+

A molten salt reactor is a type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a molten salt.

"olten salt refers to a salt that is in the liquid phase that is normally a solid at standard temperature

ionic liquid/ although technically molten salts are a class of ionic liquids.

%5 N4.*"a) P'(") &*a#t a,"t%/

adiation doses can be controlled through the following procedures2

%.#he handling of equipment via remote in the core of the reactor

&. Physical shielding

(. +imit on the time a worker spends in areas with significant radiation levels

*. "onitoring of individual doses and of the working environment

,. Safety mechanism of a uclear power reactor

% Lit th" N4.*"a) &'(") &*a#t i# I#ia/

%. ?aiga6(7&&"4PH49/ ?arnataka

&. ?akrapar 6&7&&"4PH49/ !u1arat

(. ?udankulam 6&7%::"4P49/ #amilnadu

*. "adras 6&7%"4PH49/ #amilnadu

%8 D",i#" !"a# 3"#")ati'# ti!"/


15/24

UNIT Ile$ibility in operation

*. 'apability to quick start

,. High efficiency etc../

& +ist the ma1or components of gas turbine.

%.'ompressor

&. 'ombustion chamber and

(. #urbine

( +ist the types of gas turbine power plants.

%.-pen cycle gas turbine power plant

&. 'losed cycle gas turbine power plant* +ist the disadvantages of gas turbine power plant.

%.o load and Partial load efficiency is low

&.High sensitive to component efficiency

(.#he efficiency depends on ambient pressure and ambient temperature

*. High air rate is required to limit the ma$imum inlet air temperature. Hence e$haust

losses are high

,. Air and gas filter is required to prevent dust into the combustion chambers.

, Define regenerator efficiency.

#he regenerator efficiency is defined as2GActual temperature rise of air "a$imum temperature rise possible

5 .+ist the factors which affect the performance of gas turbine power plants.

%. Part load efficiency

&. >uel consumption

(. Air mass flow rate

*. #hermal efficiency

,. egeneration

4hat are the working fluids in gas turbineB

%.Air

&.Helium


16/24

(.Argon

*.'arbon dio$ide

8 +ist the various types of diesel plants.

;ased on number of strokes2

6a9 #wo stroke diesel engine

6b9 >our stroke diesel engine

;ased on orientation2

6a9 Hori0ontal diesel engine

6b9 =ertical diesel engine

;ased on number of cylinders2

6a9 single cylinder

6b9 "ulti cylinder

And other type like naturally aspirated/ superheated etc./

@ +ist the components of diesel power plant.

%.Diesel engine

&. Air intake system

(. )$haust system

*. >uel system

,. 'ooling system

5. +ubricating system

. Starting of engine

%: +ist the various functions of fuel in1ection system.%.


17/24

%( 4hat are the methods of cooling system usedB

%. Air cooling

&. 4ater cooling

%* +ist the methods adopted for circulating the water in a cooling system.

%. #hermosipon cooling

&. >orced cooling by pump

(. #hermostat cooling

*. Pressuri0ed water cooling

,. )vaporative cooling

%, 4hat are the important functions of a lubricating systemB

%. +ubricating

&. 'ooling

(. 'leaning

*. Sealing

,. oise absorption

%5 +ist the various types of lubricating system used in diesel engine.

%. "ist lubricating system

&. 4et sump lubrication system

(. Dry sump lubrication system

% 4hat are the starting methods of diesel engineB

%. ;y an au$iliary engine

&. ;y an electric motor

(. ;y compressed air

%8 +ist any four advantages of diesel power plant.

%.


18/24

*. Used as emergency plant

&% Define mean effective pressure as applied to gas power cycles. How it is related to indicated power

of an


19/24

% What a)" th" .'!&'#"#t ', '*a) "#")3%+

%. %.'ollector&. Storage unit

& D",i#" "!a# ,a.t')+

Demand factor is defined as the ratio of ma$imum demand to connected load.

'onnected load is the sum of ratings in k4 of equipment installed in the consumers

premises.

"a$imum demand is the ma$imum load/ which a consumer uses at any time.

( D",i#" *'a .4)"+

+oad curve is a graphical representation between load in k4 and time in hours. i$ed cost includes the following cost.

%. 'ost of land &. 'ost of building

(. 'ost of equipment *. 'ost of installati5n

,.


20/24

8 What i th" #"" ', "&)".iati'# .'t+

Depreciation cost is the amount to be set aside per year from the income of the plant to

meet the depreciation caused by the age of service/ wear and tear of the machinery and

equipments. Depreciation amount collected every year helps in replacing and repairing the

equipment.

@ What i .'#."#t)ati'# )ati'+

'oncentration ratio is defined as the ratio between the aperture area and the receiver

Absorber area of the collector.

%: Lit th" a)i'4 t%&" ', '*a) "#")3% .'**".t')/

%.Stationary collectors 6or9 on3 concentrating

6a9 >late plate collectors

6b9 'ompound parabolic collectors

6c9 )vaculated tube collectors

&.Sun tracking concentrating collector

6a9 single a$is tracking

6b9 #wo3a$is tracking

%% Lit a#% ,'4) a&&*i.ati'# ', '*a) .'**".t')/

%.Solar water heating

&. Solar space heating systems

(. Solar refrigeration

*.


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*.#he plant requires little maintenance or help after setup

,. loating plant

%5 Lit th" .*ai,i.ati'# ', OTEC $a" '# .%.*"/

%.-pen cycle

&.'losed cycle

(.Hybrid cycle

% Lit a#% ,'4) iaa#ta3" ', OTEC/

%. Degradation of heat e$changer performance as dissolved gases.

&. Degradation of heat e$changer performance by microbial fouling

(.


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&% W)it" '(# th" a)i'4 t%&" ', (i# &'(") &*a#t/

%.emote

&.Hybrid

(.!rid connected

&& Lit a#% ,'4) aa#ta3" ', (i# t4)$i#"/

%.


23/24

&@ What a)" th" !ai# &a)t ', 3"'th")!a* &'(") &*a#t+

%.Production well

&.=apori0er

(.'irculating pump

*.)$pansion turbine,.!enerator

5.'ondenser

.#ransformer

(: What a)" th" .*ai,i.ati'# ', 3"'th")!a* "#")3% .'#")i'# %t"!+

%.Single cycle geothermal power plant

&.;inary cycle power plant

(% What a)" th" aa#ta3" ', 3"'th")!a* "#")3%+

%.'heaper

&.=ersatile in its use

(.Delivers greater amount of energy

(& What a)" th" iaa#ta3" ', 3"'th")!a* "#")3%+

%. Drilling operation is noisy

&. D %t"!+

%.-pen cycle systems

&. 'losed cycle systems

6a9 Seeded inert gas systems

6b9+iquid metal systems

(* What a)" th" aa#ta3" ', M>D %t"!+

%. +arge amount of power is generated

&. o moving parts/ so more reliable.

(.'losed cycle system produces power/ free of pollution

*. Ability to reach its full power as soon as started.(, Lit th" .*ai,i.ati'# ', 'i* i#".ti'# %t"!/

6a9 'ommon rail in1ection system

6b9


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magnetic field.

( What a)" th" a&&*i.ati'# ', 3"'th")!a* "#")3%+

%.!eneration of electric power

&.Space heating for building

(.

Documents

Plant Engineering 2 Marks All 5 Units