Plant Species Lists for Mountain Locks Park Suggested)

8/3/2019 Plant Species Lists for Mountain Locks Park Suggested)

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MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE

DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011

SUGGESTED PLANT SPECIES LISTS FOR MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK

TECHNICAL DOCUMENT

EXISTING INVASIVE SPECIES TO BE REMOVED

(INCLUDING REASONING AND SUGGESTED METHODS)

Species name Scientific(common) Reason for removal

Acer negundo (Manitoba maple) Classified as:

Minor invasive alien by EnvironmentCanada2,

Category 1 invasive species by UrbanForest Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario

Invasive Plants Working Group3,

Effect on natural areas:

takes place of native early-successionalforest1

aggressively1 invades all habitattypes1,3

Acer platanoides (Norway maple) Classified as:



Invasive Plants Working Group3

,Effect on natural areas:

dominates forest canopy1,3Rhamnus cathartica (European buckthorn,

common buckthorn)

Classified as:

Principal invasive alien by EnvironmentCanada2,


Invasive Plants Working Group3,


dominates forest understorey, meadowsand prairies

1,3

Suggested control methods:

cutting after peak flowering (May-June)followed by selective glyphosate (30%

solution) treatment of stump or

resprouts3

basal bark application with 8% triclopyr3(continued on following page)


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(continued from previous page)

Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) Classified as:


Category 2 invasive species by UrbanForest Associates Inc.1 and the OntarioInvasive Plants Working Group3,


invades meadows1,3Salix spp. (various willow species) Classified as:

Category 3 (S. alba, S. fragilis, S. x rubens)or Category 4 (S. caprea, S. purpurea)

invasive species by Urban Forest

Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario Invasive

Plants Working Group3,

Effect on natural areas: S. alba, S. fragilis, S. x rubens, S. purpurea:

invades wetlands, displaces native Salix

spp.1,3

S. caprea: often misidentified3 andsubstituted for S. discolor1,3

NATIVE DECIDUOUS SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED

Highly recommended species for introduction:

Scientific(common)

Additional species that could be introduced:

Scientific(common)

Fraxinus quadrangulata (blue ash)SC Acer rubrum (red maple)

Juglans cinerea (butternut)E Acer saccharinum (silver maple)

Liriodendrontulipifera (tuliptree)N Carpinus caroliniana (musclewood)

Magnolia acuminata (cucumbertree)E Carya ovata (shagbark hickory)

Quercus muehlenbergii(chinquapin oak)N,U Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry)

Quercus alba (white oak)

Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)

Tilia americana (basswood, American linden)

E Native species that are classified as endangered4; N Species specifically native to the Niagara region5; SC Native species of

special concern4 (may display resistance to emerald ash borer6); U Native species uncommonly found in Canada5.


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NATIVE CONIFEROUS SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED

(TO ACT AS A VISUAL BUFFER ALONG NORTHERN AND EASTERN SITE BORDERS)

Recommended species

for introduction:

Scientific(common)

Reasoning5,6

Picea glauca (white spruce) Truly grows in a variety of soils and range of climatic conditions; found

in mixed colonies; shade-tolerant; dense form

Pinus strobus (eastern white

pine)

Grows in a variety of soils but prefers moist sandy loam; usually found in

mixed colonies; thrives in full sun but moderately shade-tolerant; fast-

growing

Tsuga canadenis (Canadian

hemlock)

Grows in a variety of soils but requires cool, moist site; occurs in pure or

mixed stands; very shade-tolerant; dense form

NATIVE FOREST EDGE SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED

Recommended species for

introduction:

Scientific(common)

Reasons for inclusion5,6,7

Cornus alternifolia (pagoda

dogwood)

Native small tree/shrub; 4-season interest; somewhat showy;

naturalization spp.; adaptable to various soils

Hamamelis virginiana (common

which-hazel)

Native small tree/shrub; 4-season interest; somewhat showy and

fragrant; naturalization spp.; shade-tolerant; prefers moist soil

Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac) Native small tree/shrub; 4-season interest; somewhat showy;

naturalization spp.; adaptable to various soils; birds eat the fruit;

already established on site

Viburnum lentago (sweet

viburnum, nannyberry

viburnum)

Native small tree/shrub; showy; naturalization spp.; shade-tolerant;

very adaptable to various soils, incl. wet; birds eat the fruit

NATIVE EASTERN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED

Scientific(common) Notables*

GRASSES/SEDGES

Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) Tall (3.0+ m)

Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye) Medium height (to 1.3 m)Sorghastrum nutans (indian grass) Later successional; Tall (to 2.5 m)(continued on following page)


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WILDFLOWERS AND FORBS

Asclepias incarnate (swamp milkweed) Med. Ht. (to 1.5 m)

Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly milkweed) M-Dry Mesic (DM); Later success.; Short (to 0.7 m);

highly desirable; attracts insects (esp. Butterflies)

Aster ericoides (heath aster) Very common aster in S. Ont.; Short

Aster novae-angliae (New England aster) Very common aster in S. Ont.; Med. Ht. (to 1.2 m)

Desmodium canadense (showy tick-trefoil) Tall (to 1.8 m); Showy

Fragaria virginiana (wild strawberry) Short

Lespedeza capitata (round-headed bush-clover) Later success.; Med. Ht. (to 1.2 m)

Liatris spicata (dense blazing star) Very restricted range; Later success.; Med. Ht. (to

1.5 m); Threatened species9

Lobelia spicata (pale-spiked lobelia) Later success.; Med. Ht. (to 1.3 m)

Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Short; Showy

Penstemon digitalis (foxglove beard-tongue) M-DM; Med. Ht. (to 1.4 m)

Penstemon hirsutus (hairy beard-tongue) M-DM; Short

Pycnanthemum virginianum (Virginia mountain-

mint)

Later success.; Short

Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) Short

Solidago nemoralis (gray goldenrod) M-Dry; Later success.; Short (to 0.5 m)*All proposed grassland species meet criteria for inclusion based on the characteristics of the Mountain Locks Park site, in

that these are, unless otherwise noted (above): Prairiespecies; species that currently and/or have historically occurred in

the NI(Regional Municipality of Niagara) range; a Corespecies found Throughoutor Widespreadwithin the NI range;

species that prefer Wet (W), Wet-Mesic (WM), or Mesic (M)soil that is mainly Clay (C)-based; Early successional species

that will establish sooner. See Appendix A of ref. 8 for details.

PLANT SPECIES AT RISK IN THE NIAGARA RIVER CORRIDOR

(FROM THENiagara Parks NatureWEBSITE9

)

According to the final report funded in part by the Habitat Stewardship Program lists the following as

the Species at Risk along the Niagara River Corridor.

Scientific Name Common Name SAR status

Phegopteris hexagonoptera Broad-Beech Fern SC

Asplenium scolopendrium L. var. americanum American Hearts-tongue SC

Magnolia acuminata Cucumber Tree END

Hydrastis Canadensis Golden Seal THR

Morus rubra Red Mulberry END

Juglans cinerea Butternut END

Castanea dentate American Chestnut END

Quercus shumardii Shumard Oak SC

Betula lenta Cherry Birch END

Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. Moscheutos Swamp Rose Mallow SC

Viola pedata Birds-foot violet END

Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry THR(continued on following page)
http://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.htmlhttp://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.htmlhttp://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.htmlhttp://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.html


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Chimaphila maculata Spotted Wintergreen END

Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky Coffee Tree THR

Lespedeza virginica Slender Bush-clover END

Polygala incarnata Pink Milkwort END

Ptelea trifoliata Hop-tree THRPanax quinquefolius American Ginseng END

Frasera caroliniensis American Columbo SC

Gentiana alba White Prairie Gentian END

Justicia americana American Water Willow THR

Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster THR

Liatris spicata Spiked Blazing-star THR

Symphyotrichum praealtum Willow Aster THR

Symphyotrichum prenanthoides Crooked-stem Aster THR

Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon SC

Trillium flexipes Bent Trillium END

Smilax rotundifolia Square-stemmed

Greenbrier

THR

Cornus florida Eastern Flowering

Dogwood

END

REFERENCES

1Invasive Exotic Species Ranking for Southern Ontario (2002), Urban Forest Associates Inc. Accessed:

October 15, 2011.http://www.ufora.ca/art6.htm

2 Invasive Plants of Natural Habitats in Canada: An Integrated Review of Wetland and Upland Species andLegislation Governing their Control(1999), Environment Canada. Accessed: October 15, 2011.

http://www.ec.gc.ca/eee-ias/78D62AA2-55A4-4E2F-AA08-538E1051A893/invasives.pdf

3Sustaining Biodiversity: A Strategic Plan for Managing Invasive Plants in Southern Ontario (2002),

Havinga, D., and Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group. Accessed: October 15, 2011.

http://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/files/Ont_Toronto_Invas_Strategy.pdf

4Species at Risk Act: Schedule 1 (Subsections 2(1), 42(2), and 68(2)) List of Wildlife Species At Risk(2002),

Government of Canada, Queens Printer for Canada, Ottawa.

5

Trees in Canada (1995), Farrar, J.L., Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd., Markham.

6LARC*2240 Plants in the Landscape (2011), Landman, K., University of Guelph laboratory manual.

7Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture,

Propagation and Uses (2009, 6th ed.), Dirr, M.A., Stipes Publishing L.L.C., Champaign, IL.
http://www.ufora.ca/art6.htmhttp://www.ufora.ca/art6.htmhttp://www.ufora.ca/art6.htmhttp://www.ec.gc.ca/eee-ias/78D62AA2-55A4-4E2F-AA08-538E1051A893/invasives.pdfhttp://www.ec.gc.ca/eee-ias/78D62AA2-55A4-4E2F-AA08-538E1051A893/invasives.pdfhttp://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/files/Ont_Toronto_Invas_Strategy.pdfhttp://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/files/Ont_Toronto_Invas_Strategy.pdfhttp://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/files/Ont_Toronto_Invas_Strategy.pdfhttp://www.ec.gc.ca/eee-ias/78D62AA2-55A4-4E2F-AA08-538E1051A893/invasives.pdfhttp://www.ufora.ca/art6.htm


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8Planting the Seed: A Guide to Establishing Prairie and Meadow Communities in Southern Ontario (2000),

Environment Canada. Accessed: October 15, 2011.http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-

prairie-e.pdf

9Native Species Planting (webpage), Niagara Parks Nature website. Accessed: October 15, 2011.

http://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.html
http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-prairie-e.pdfhttp://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-prairie-e.pdfhttp://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-prairie-e.pdfhttp://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-prairie-e.pdfhttp://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.htmlhttp://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.htmlhttp://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.htmlhttp://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-prairie-e.pdfhttp://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/pts-prairie-e.pdf

Documents

Plant Species Lists for Mountain Locks Park Suggested)