Plants: Angiosperms

Remember…..

What is the group of flowering plants?

In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower?

What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called?

What is the group of flowering plants?

In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower?

What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called?

Angiosperms

Seeds

Fruits

A. Flowers

1. Flowers are organs of reproduction in angiosperms

2. Flowers contain male and female reproductive parts

1. Flowers are organs of reproduction in angiosperms

2. Flowers contain male and female reproductive parts

3. Parts of a flowera. Sepals- kinds of leaf that protect the bud, can

be green or brightly colored

b. Petals- kinds of leaf inside the sepals, protect reproductive parts of a flower

sometimes have brightly colored petals and nice smell to attract pollinators (exs. roses and lilies)

sometimes white or green and no smell (exs. grasses)

a. Sepals- kinds of leaf that protect the bud, can be green or brightly colored

b. Petals- kinds of leaf inside the sepals, protect reproductive parts of a flower

sometimes have brightly colored petals and nice smell to attract pollinators (exs. roses and lilies)

sometimes white or green and no smell (exs. grasses)

c. Reproductive structures of a flower1. Pistil (carpel)- female reproductive

structureUsually one per flower, in the centercontains stigma, style and ovary

2.Stamen- male reproductive structureUsually several per flower, around the pistil

(carpel)Contains anther and filament

1. Pistil (carpel)- female reproductive structureUsually one per flower, in the centercontains stigma, style and ovary

2.Stamen- male reproductive structureUsually several per flower, around the pistil

(carpel)Contains anther and filament

4. Types of flowersa. Perfect flowers- both male and female

parts, stamen and pistil/carpelEx lily

b. Imperfect flowers- only male (stamen) OR female (pistil/carpel) parts but not bothEx zucchini

a. Perfect flowers- both male and female parts, stamen and pistil/carpelEx lily

b. Imperfect flowers- only male (stamen) OR female (pistil/carpel) parts but not bothEx zucchini

B.

Reproduction with Flowers

Seeds and Fruits

Stamen: Male reproductive Structure

1. Stamen- contains anthers and filamentsa. Filament- stalk that holds anther

b. Anther- produces pollen grains which contain plant sperm, pollen released when it bursts open

1. Stamen- contains anthers and filamentsa. Filament- stalk that holds anther

b. Anther- produces pollen grains which contain plant sperm, pollen released when it bursts open

Pistil/Carpel: Female Reproductive Structure

2. Pistil/carpel contains stigma, style and ovary

a. Stigma- sticky top that catches pollenb. Style- tube that connects stigma to ovaryc. Ovary- bottom of pistil that contains ovules with eggs inside

2. Pistil/carpel contains stigma, style and ovary

a. Stigma- sticky top that catches pollenb. Style- tube that connects stigma to ovaryc. Ovary- bottom of pistil that contains ovules with eggs inside

OvaryOvary

Pollination3. Pollination- movement of pollen from

anther of stamen to stigma of pistil/carpelCan occur by wind, insects, bats, birds, and

water

3. Pollination- movement of pollen from anther of stamen to stigma of pistil/carpelCan occur by wind, insects, bats, birds, and

water

Pollinationa. Self pollination- pollen travels from

anther of stamen of a flower and lands on stigma of pistil of SAME flower, or on different flower on SAME plant, must be perfect

b. Cross pollination-pollen travels from stamen of a flower to pistil of another flower on a DIFFERENT but similar plant, flowers can be perfect or imperfect

a. Self pollination- pollen travels from anther of stamen of a flower and lands on stigma of pistil of SAME flower, or on different flower on SAME plant, must be perfect

b. Cross pollination-pollen travels from stamen of a flower to pistil of another flower on a DIFFERENT but similar plant, flowers can be perfect or imperfect

Self pollination vs Cross pollination

Same PlantSame Plant

Different PlantsDifferent Plants

Fertilization

4. Fertilization- as part of sexual reproduction it is the joining of the nuclei of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells of flowers

Takes place inside the pistil

4. Fertilization- as part of sexual reproduction it is the joining of the nuclei of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells of flowers

Takes place inside the pistil

Steps of pollination and Fertilizationa. Pollen grain from anther of stamen lands on stigma of pistilb. One cell from pollen forms a pollen tube from stigma through style to ovaryc. Other cell from pollen is called sperm & moves through pollen tube to ovule of ovary where egg isd. Nuclei of sperm and egg join (fertilze) to form a zygote e. Fertilzed egg develops into a seedf. Seed contains an embryo,or baby plant, plus a cotyledon (endosperm)

a. Pollen grain from anther of stamen lands on stigma of pistilb. One cell from pollen forms a pollen tube from stigma through style to ovaryc. Other cell from pollen is called sperm & moves through pollen tube to ovule of ovary where egg isd. Nuclei of sperm and egg join (fertilze) to form a zygote e. Fertilzed egg develops into a seedf. Seed contains an embryo,or baby plant, plus a cotyledon (endosperm)

embryo

seedseed

5. Seeds and fruits

a. Seeds- formed from mature (eggs in) ovules

b. Fruits- from mature ovary, form around seeds to protect them

c. Name some plants that have fruits.

a. Seeds- formed from mature (eggs in) ovules

b. Fruits- from mature ovary, form around seeds to protect them

c. Name some plants that have fruits.

All angiosperms have fruits

C.

Parts of a seed and germination

1. Seed partsa. Seed coat- protects the embryo

b. Cotyledon- inside seed, used to absorb food from endosperm of seed for developing plant embryoMonocots (1 cotyledon) vs dicots (2

cotyledons)

a. Seed coat- protects the embryo

b. Cotyledon- inside seed, used to absorb food from endosperm of seed for developing plant embryoMonocots (1 cotyledon) vs dicots (2

cotyledons)

Seed partsc. Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and

cotyledons (develop into leaves)

d. Hilum- scar where seed was attached to ovary of flower

c. Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and cotyledons (develop into leaves)

d. Hilum- scar where seed was attached to ovary of flower

2. Germination of seeds

Germination- development of embryo inside seed into a new plant with good soil and water

3. Seed dispersalSeed dispersal- Movement of seeds for

germination

By wind, water, animals eating fruits and depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur

Seed dispersal- Movement of seeds for germination

By wind, water, animals eating fruits and depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur

D.

Asexual reproduction in

plants

Asexual reproduction

• 1. Asexual Reproduction involves one parent• Offspring are genetically identical to their parents

• 1. Asexual Reproduction involves one parent• Offspring are genetically identical to their parents

Types of Asexual Reproduction Vegatative propagation- asexual reproduction

that uses plant parts to grow new plantsRunners- underground stems

Tubers- “buds or eyes” part of underground stems

Spores- airborne particles stored in spore cases

Bulbs- leafy, underground stems

Cuttings- root, leaf or stem pieces

Vegatative propagation- asexual reproduction that uses plant parts to grow new plantsRunners- underground stems

Tubers- “buds or eyes” part of underground stems

Spores- airborne particles stored in spore cases

Bulbs- leafy, underground stems

Cuttings- root, leaf or stem pieces

TubersExs potatoes, yams

bulbs

Cuttings- asparagus roots

runners

E.

Tropisms

Tropisms/Plant Responses

Tropism- growth response to a stimulus, (usually by growing in a certain direction)

Stimulus- a change that causes response

Ex: light, touch, gravity or water

Tropism- growth response to a stimulus, (usually by growing in a certain direction)

Stimulus- a change that causes response

Ex: light, touch, gravity or water

5. Types of tropisms&

Positive Vs Negative Tropisms

Positive TropismGrowth toward the stimulusGrowth toward the stimulus

Negative TropismGrowth away from the stimulusGrowth away from the stimulus

a. Phototropism

Plant’s growth in response to lightLeaves and stems grow towards light

Plant’s growth in response to lightLeaves and stems grow towards light

b. Gravitropism

Plant’s growth in response to gravityRoots grow towards gravity and stems

grow away from it

Plant’s growth in response to gravityRoots grow towards gravity and stems

grow away from it

c. Hydrotropism

Plant’s growth in response to waterRoots grow towards water

Plant’s growth in response to waterRoots grow towards water

d. ThigmotropismPlant’s growth in response to touchstems grow due to touch, grow around a

structureExample: poison ivy

Plant’s growth in response to touchstems grow due to touch, grow around a

structureExample: poison ivy