Plants Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine

Plants Used in Mexican Plants Used in Mexican Traditional MedicineTraditional Medicine

Their Application and Effects InTraditional Healing Practices

Text by

Armando González Stuart, Ph.D.Herbal Research Coordinator

UTEP/UT Austin Cooperative Pharmacy Program

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

We would like to thank Ms Sarah Schoofield, of México Desconocido magazine, for her generous permission to use the beautiful photographs, drawings and maps, which have appeared in various publications of that magazine.The majority of the photos, drawings, and maps presented here are the work of photographers, artists and scientists including: Abigaíl Aguilar-MS, Lorenzo Armendáriz, Salatiel Barragán, Robert Bye-PhD, André Cabrolier, Rafael Doniz, Ignacio Guevara, Franz Mahler, Ruben Morante, Oscar Pastor Ojeda, Manuel Sarmiento, NicolásTriedo and Santiago Xolapa.

DisclaimerDisclaimerThis presentation is not intended to promote any plant to be used for therapeutic purposes.It is merely a compilation of herbal use by Mexican Traditional Medicine.Very few of these plants have ever been studied in depth, so little is known about their efficacy or possible side effects.Warning: Do not self-medicate with any herb. Consult your health provider first.

IntroductionIntroductionMexico has a rich tradition of herbal use that predates the European conquest by many centuriesMexico's medicinal herbal repertoire is one of the world’s most diverse and contains various native plants, as well as many other species introduced from diverse parts of the globeApproximately 3,000 to 5,000 plants (both native and introduced) are currently used medicinally by 52 different ethnicities throughout the country

Medicinal Plants in MexicoMedicinal Plants in Mexico

The Aztec civilization of Mexico was the only one in the New World to record the use of medicinal herbs

They did so in “codices” or catalogues that showed drawings of the plants

Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine

Codices containing information about Aztec medicinal plantswere considered “heretical”, and burned by Spanish missionaries

CodicesCodicesA few missionaries had the vision of recuperating at least a small portion of this knowledge and reconstructing two codices

One was written, both in Latin and Náhuatl (the Aztec language) and known as the De La Cruz-Badiano Codex

It became the first bilingual publication of the New World (1552) Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine

CodicesCodices

These codices were taken to Italy and forgotten for more than 300 yearsThey were “rediscovered” until the twentieth centurySome of the plants pictured in the codices are still used in the same way today.


México’s great biodiversityMéxico’s great biodiversityMexico's rugged landscape includes a great diversity of plants, animals and fungiUnfortunately, very few Mexican plants have ever been studied in detail regarding their medicinal potentialDeforestation, ill-planned urban expansion, uncontrolled livestock grazing, and desertification are currently threatening Mexico's natural resources, including the survival of various medicinal plants

Mexico has a rich diversity of medicinal plants

Map courtesy of México Desconocido magazine

Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine

Some medicinal plants may have a mystical significancein Mexican traditional healing practices


The peyote cactus has been used for centuries in various religious ceremonies


Medicinal plants are used in various types of healing practices throughout Mexico


Traditional healers view some plants asimportant spiritual entities

Drying herbs in the traditional wayPhoto Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine

The MarketplaceThe Marketplace

In Mexico, marketplaces are important areas of sale and distribution for medicinal herbsSince before Columbus, markets have provided medicinal plants to people, as well as advice from vendors and healers on how to use themWhether to instill or break a magic spell, or for direct medicinal purposes to cure a specific disease, herbs are still very important in the lives of millions of people


Aztec marketplace

Modern market in Mexico CityPhoto Courtesy of México Desconocido magazine

Medicinal Plants in MexicoMedicinal Plants in Mexico

Traditional Uses and Applications

AchioteAchiote, , AnnatoAnnatoBixaBixa orellanaorellana -- BixaceaeBixaceae

Measles (ground seeds applied to bath)Buccal sores

(seeds steeped in water, as rinse)Condiment and food coloring


AhuehueteAhuehuete, , SabinoSabinoTaxodiumTaxodium mucronatummucronatum -- TaxodiaceaeTaxodiaceae

Burns (bark decoction, poultice)

Diarrhea (leaf infusion, as tea)


AhuehueteAhuehuete treetree


AilAiléé, , BirchBirchAlnusAlnus argutaarguta -- BetulaceaeBetulaceae

Fever

Inflammation

As a poultice to wash wounds

Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

AlamoAlamo PlatanusPlatanus lindelianalindelianaPlatanaceaePlatanaceae

Colds (ground leaves with oil applied topically as poultice)

FracturesHeadache


AnAnííss TagetesTagetes lucidalucida CavCav..AsteraeceaeAsteraeceae

Carminative, digestiveInflammatory, fever“Empacho”(Stomachupset)Avoid in pregnancyUnrelated to European or Star Anise


AñAñííll, , IndigoIndigo IndigoferaIndigofera suffruticosasuffruticosaFabaceaeFabaceae

Urinary problems

Constipation

Mange

Syphilis


AnonaAnona AnonaAnona reticulatareticulataAnonaceaeAnonaceae

Boils (leaf infusion as a wash)

Diarrhea (bark decoction as tea)

ÁÁrnicarnica del del papaííss, , FalsaFalsa áárnicarnicaHeterothecaHeterotheca inuloidesinuloides -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Bruises, contusions (topically)Tea as gargles for sore throat Potentially toxic, avoid internal useAvoid in pregnancy and lactationNot to be confused with European arnica, with which it shares some of its applications


““AzafrAzafráánn”, ”, ZacatlaxcaleZacatlaxcaleCuscutaCuscuta sppspp..-- ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae

Parasitic plant

Purgative internally

Fright (“susto”)(plant decoction, as bath)


Baja Baja tripatripaRivinaRivina humilishumilis -- PhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaceae

“Aire” (Wind)“Espanto” (Fright)Rash (prickly heat)Branch decoction applied externally as body wash


BaiborBaiboríínnKallstroemaKallstroema grandifloragrandiflora -- ZygophyllaceaeZygophyllaceae

Fatigue

Fever

Body pains

Mange


BarbascoBarbasco, , CabezaCabeza de negro de negro DioscoreaDioscorea sppspp. . -- DioscoreaceaeDioscoreaceae

Body achesMenstrual problemsProgesterone sourceRheumatism, aches (rhizome steeped in alcohol, as a rub)Male contraceptive


BarquillaBarquillaRhoeoRhoeo discolor discolor -- CommelinaceaeCommelinaceae

Fungal infections:roasted leaves, topical

Vaginal infections:leaf infusion douche

Measles (leaf infusion, orally)


BatamoteBatamote BaccharisBaccharis glutinosaglutinosaAsteraceaeAsteraceae

Alopecia

Stomach ache

Mange

Foot odor


BayetillaBayetilla HameliaHamelia patenspatensRubiaceaeRubiaceae

Anti inflammatoryBoils (stem decoction, externally)Pain relief (topical)Yellow fever(leaf infusion as tea)


BerroBerro Nasturtium Nasturtium acuaticumacuaticumBrassicaceaeBrassicaceae

Goiter (iodide )

Kidney painStomach inflammation (raw)

Tuberculosis (infusion)


BretBretóónicanica LepechiniaLepechinia caulescenscaulescensLamiaceaeLamiaceae

Diarrhea

Dysentery (stem decoction)

Gastritis (topical)


CabezonaCabezona, , ChapChapúúzzHeleniumHelenium mexicanummexicanum -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Colds (pulverized flowerheads as stornutatories; to promote sneezing)Toxic if ingestedAvoid use


CacaloxCacaloxóóchitlchitl PlumeriaPlumeria rubrarubraApocynaceaeApocynaceae

External application:GonorrheaWartsWounds (minor)Drastic purgativeAvoid internally Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

CahuayoteCahuayote GonolobusGonolobus nigernigerAsclepiadaceaeAsclepiadaceae

Gonorrhea (root decoction)Efficacy unknownAvoid during pregnancy and lactation

CalagualaCalaguala PhlebodiumPhlebodium aureumaureumPolypodiaceaePolypodiaceae

Tea made from stemDiarrheaGastric ulcersKidney painEfficacy unknownAvoid in pregnancy

CalderonaCalderona GalphimiaGalphimia glaucaglaucaMalpighiaceaeMalpighiaceae

Boils (external application)Vaginal infectionsWoundsAvoid in pregnancy

CandelillaCandelilla Euphorbia Euphorbia antisyphilliticaantisyphilliticaEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

Used against venereal disease (syphilis)Cathartic (purgative)

ToothacheHeadacheAvoid in pregnancy and lactation


CapulCapulíínn PrunusPrunus serotinaserotinaRosaceaeRosaceae

Coughs (children)Decoction of stems and leaves taken as infusion (tea)


CedroCedro CedrelaCedrela odorataodorataMeliaceaeMeliaceae

ColicEpilepsy (bark decoction as tea)FeverGall bladderToothache (leaf tea) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

CeibaCeiba CeibaCeiba pentandrapentandraBombacaceaeBombacaceae

Anti inflammatoryBoilsInsect bitesMangeBark and leaf decoctions as poultices


ChabacalChabacal Salvia Salvia lavanduloideslavanduloidesLamiaceaeLamiaceae

Bronchitis

Colds

CoughsAvoid in pregnancy Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

ChacaChaca BurseraBursera simarubasimarubaBurseraceaeBurseraceae

Fever (leaf infusion)Leaves boiled in water to make a bathLeaves applied on soles of feet Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

ChalahuiteChalahuite IngaInga jinicuiljinicuilFabaceaeFabaceae

Dysentery(bark decoction)Stomach upset(“empacho”)bark decoctionFlower infusion taken for tachycardia (“latido”)


Chaparro Chaparro amargosoamargosoCastelaCastela tortuosatortuosa--SimaroubiaceaeSimaroubiaceae

Amoebic dysentery

Avoid during pregnancy/ lactation

Shrublands in northern México


ChapuliztleChapuliztle DodonaeaDodonaea viscosaviscosaSapindaceaeSapindaceae

Colic (leaf infusion)Fever (bark decoction)Gout ( leaf infusion)Ground leaves applied to scabs and woundsScalp problemsVenereal disease


ChayaChaya CnidoscolusCnidoscolus chayamansachayamansaEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

Boils (latex topically)Diabetes

Kidney pain

Obesity (capsules)Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

ChicaloteChicalote ArgemoneArgemone mexicanamexicana, , A. A. sanguineasanguinea PapaveraceaePapaveraceae

Papaverinehypnotic Post-part. bleedingToothacheAlopecia (hair loss)Kidney painSeeds are toxic


ChicozapoteChicozapote AchrasAchras zapotazapotaZapotaceaeZapotaceae

Ingestion of more than 10 seeds can be toxic

ChicuraChicura FranseriaFranseria ambrosioidesambrosioidesAsteraceaeAsteraceae

Promotes laborGiven near parturitionExternal application to treat scorpion stingsAvoid in pregnancy and lactation


ChigChigüüisaisa PseudobombaxPseudobombax ellipticumellipticumBombacaceaeBombacaceae

Asthma

Colds

Coughs flower infusion taken as tea


ChipilChipilíínn Crotalaria Crotalaria incanaincanaFabaceaeFabaceae

Urinary bladder “coldness”

May contain cyanogenicglycosides

May contain pyrrolizidinealkaloids

Avoid in pregnancy


ChollaCholla,, CardencheCardenche, , CoyonoxtleCoyonoxtleOpuntiaOpuntia imbricataimbricata -- CactaceaeCactaceae

Tea taken to treat asthma

Tea used against diarrhea (plant contains tannins)


Chote,Chote,TuriTuri ParmentieraParmentiera edulisedulisBignoniaceaeBignoniaceae

Diabetes (root decoction as tea)EaracheUrinary problems (fruit and branch infusion)Respiratory ailments(flower, fruit and root infusion)


CodoCodo de de frailefraile, , YYóóyotlyotlThevetiaThevetia thevetioidesthevetioides -- ApocynaceaeApocynaceae

Boils and hemorrhoids (topically)“Weight loss”(seed)Alkaloids (thevetine)Very toxic, avoid all internal use


CojCojóónn de de torotoroStemmadeniaStemmadenia donnelldonnell--smithismithi

ApocynaceaeApocynaceae

Bruises, wounds (leaf decoction externally as poultice)

Mosquito bites (latex applied topically)

Avoid internally


Cola de Cola de caballocaballo Equisetum Equisetum arvensearvenseEquisetaceaeEquisetaceae

Arthritis and rheumatismDiureticUrinary problemsOnly the sterile branches are usedSome species are thiaminase inhibitors


Cola de Cola de venadovenadoErigeron Erigeron karwinskianuskarwinskianus --AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Dysentery

Kidney pain (stem decoction)

Sores (wash)Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

ContrayerbaContrayerbaDorsteniaDorstenia contrajerbacontrajerba -- MoraceaeMoraceae

Snakebite

Vaginal hemorrhage

Venereal disease (root decoction as tea)


CordCordóónn de San Antoniode San AntonioHyptisHyptis stellulatastellulata -- LamiaceaeLamiaceae

EaracheIndigestion“Pasmo”RheumatismSkin infectionsAvoid in pregnancy


Cordon de San FranciscoCordon de San FranciscoSalvia Salvia leucanthaleucantha -- LamiaceaeLamiaceae

Fright (espanto)

To reconstitute women after birth (leaf infusion)Avoid in pregnancy


CosCosááhuihui, , MameliqueMamelique, , CrameriaCrameriaKrameriaKrameria grayigrayi -- KrameriaceaeKrameriaceae

DiarrheaSkin antisepticDiabetesAlopeciaLoose teeth Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

CuachalalateCuachalalate o o AxocopaqueAxocopaqueAmphypteringiumAmphypteringium adstringensadstringens --

JulianaceaeJulianaceae

Circulatory ailments, mixed with sassparillaGastritis, peptic ulcersVaginal infections (topical)Bark decoction or maceration

CuatecomateCuatecomate,,GuajeGuajeCrescentiaCrescentia cujetecujete -- BignoniaceaeBignoniaceae

Alopecia (leaf infusion)

Diarrhea (leaf infusion)

Expectorant (fruit pulp)

Liver ailments (fruit pulp)


CucharitasCucharitas Acacia Acacia cochliacanthacochliacanthaFabaceaeFabaceae

Diarrhea

Stomach ache

Urinary bladder


CuitlacocheCuitlacoche UstilagoUstilago maydismaydis

This a fungus, not a green plantParasite of corncobsEaten as a delicacy May contain alkaloids that stimulate uterusAvoid in pregnancy

CulantrilloCulantrillo de de pozopozo, , PalmitaPalmitaAdiantumAdiantum capilluscapillus--venerisveneris PteridaceaePteridaceae

Leaf infusion as a teaEmmenagogue (promotes menstruation)Fright (susto)Kidney stonesMay cause abortionAvoid in pregnancy and lactation


CundeamorCundeamor MomordicaMomordica charantiacharantiaCucurbitaceaeCucurbitaceae

Diabetes (fruit and leavesAnthelminthicFever, Colic and headacheAvoid in pregnancy and lactation


DamianaDamiana TurneraTurnera diffusadiffusaTurneraceaeTurneraceae

Tea taken to “increase libido”, treat sterility, as a tonic for fatigue For colds and body achesMay have antidepressant actionAvoid in pregnancy


DienteDiente de de leleóónn, , DandelionDandelionTaraxacumTaraxacum officinaleofficinale -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Tea made from plant is used to treat gall bladder and liver ailments, anorexiaDigestive, diureticExternally, latex removes warts (irritating)


DoradillaDoradilla, , Resurrection plantResurrection plantSelaginellaSelaginella lepidophyllalepidophylla

SelaginellaceaeSelaginellaceae

DiureticGall bladder stonesKidney painUrinary problemsCombined with horsetail (Equisetum)


Encino, Encino, OakOakQuercusQuercus sppspp. . -- FagaceaeFagaceae

Astringent (tannins)Bleeding gumsLoose teethSkin antisepticToothacheBark decoction


EpazoteEpazote, , WormseedWormseedChenopodiumChenopodium ambrosioidesambrosioides

ChenopodiaceaeChenopodiaceaeTea is taken to treat stomach ailments and expel worms Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and childrenLeaves are safe as condiment, but oil isneurotoxic


EpazoteEpazote de de ZorrilloZorrilloC. C. graveolensgraveolens -- ChenopodiaceaeChenopodiaceae

Anthelminthic“Aire” (flatulence)Coughs (expectorant)“Fright” (espanto)Stomach and liver ailmentsPotentially toxic, avoid use


EspinosillaEspinosilla LoeseliaLoeselia mexicanamexicanaPolemoniaceaePolemoniaceae

External application for:AlopeciaDandruffErysipelasAerial parts as infusion (tea)

EstafiateEstafiate Artemisia Artemisia mexicanamexicanaAsteraceaeAsteraceae

Tea made from leaves and stems is used to treat stomachache, diarrhea, worms and rheumatismAvoid in pregnancy and lactationAvoid in patients with nervous disorders


EstropajoEstropajo, , LuffaLuffaLuffaLuffa aegypticaaegyptica -- CucurbitaceaeCucurbitaceae

Gerícua (leaf infusion as bath)

Lice (mashed fruit in water, as hair rinse)


FlorFlor de de manitamanita, , MacpalxMacpalxóóchitlchitlChirantodendronChirantodendron pentadactylonpentadactylon

SterculiaceaeSterculiaceae

Tea from flowers

Anxiety, Nerves

Cardiac ailments


FlorFlor de de tilatila, Linden, Linden TilaTila sppspp..TilaceaeTilaceae

Anxiety

Insomnia

Nervous disorders

Flower infusion


GarañonaGarañona CastillejaCastilleja tenuifloratenuifloraScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceae

Alopecia

“Blood purifier”

Gall bladder

Vaginal infections


Girasol, SunflowerGirasol, SunflowerHelianthus Helianthus annuusannuus -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Headache

Nervous disorders (anxiety)

Scabs


GobernadoraGobernadora,,GuGuáámismis, Creosote , Creosote bush, “Chaparral” bush, “Chaparral” LarreaLarrea tridentatatridentata

ZygophyllaceaeZygophyllaceaeAthlete’s footCancer (antioxidant)Foot odorFungal skin infectionKidney stonesUrinary infectionsVenereal disease


Creosote bush, Creosote bush, “Chaparral”“Chaparral”

NDGA, active principle

Free radical scavenger

Antifungal compounds


Creosote bush, “Chaparral”Creosote bush, “Chaparral”

Non-concentrated infusion internallyConcentrated forms not recommendedPills and capsules may cause hepatic and renal damage


Creosote bush, “Chaparral”Creosote bush, “Chaparral”

Avoid prolonged treatmentsAvoid in pregnancy, lactation and small childrenTopical applications may cause irritation


GordoloboGordolobo, , EverlastingEverlastingGnaphaliumGnaphalium sppspp. . -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Similar properties as unrelated Mullein (Verbascum spp.)Respiratory problems, asthma, coughsLumbago (externally)Avoid in pregnancy


GuacoGuacoMikaniaMikania sppspp. . -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Stomach ulcers, liver problemsWorms“Antidote” vs. snakebites (unproven, avoid)Avoid in pregnancy and lactation

GuamGuamúúchilchil PithecellobiumPithecellobium dulcedulceFabaceaeFabaceae

Diarrhea

Upset stomach

Coughs

Buccal sores


GuanacastleGuanacastleEnterolobiumEnterolobium cyclocarpumcyclocarpum -- FabaceaeFabaceae

Red caterpillar sting (bark decoction applied directly to affected area)


GuayabaGuayaba, , GuavaGuavaPsidiumPsidium guava guava -- MyrtaceaeMyrtaceae

Diarrhea (Tannins)

Stomach upset

Excellent source of Vitamin C


GuayacGuayacáánn, , Palo SantoPalo SantoGuaiacum sanctumGuaiacum sanctum -- ZygophyllaceaeZygophyllaceae

Coughs (flowers as tea)DysenteryDiaphoreticGastric ulcersSyphilisTuberculosis


GuGuáázumazuma GuazumaGuazuma ulmifoliaulmifoliaSterculiaceaeSterculiaceae

Diarrhea

Fever

Antiemetic

The fruits contain mucilage


GuGuáázumazuma GuazumaGuazuma tomentosatomentosaSterculiaceaeSterculiaceae

Leprosy

Elephantiasis

Syphilis

Skin infections


HelechoHelecho macho, macho, Male fernMale fernDryopterisDryopteris filixfilix--masmas

Anthelminthic, obsolete in modern phytotherapyMay cause abortionAvoid in pregnancy and lactationAvoid in children

HierbaHierba de la de la vvííboraboraZorricaZorrica sppspp. . -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Taken as tea to treat “Pasmo”

Antidote vs. poisoning

Anti-inflammatory(topical application)

HierbaHierba del del ccááncerncerCupheaCuphea aequipetalaaequipetala -- LythraceaeLythraceae

AntisepticBoils, skin “tumors”Diarrhea (leaf infusion)WoundsAvoid in pregnancyAvoid in children


HierbaHierba del del carbonerocarboneroBaccharisBaccharis sarothroidessarothroides -- AsteraceaeAsteraceae

Colds

Muscular pain


HierbaHierba del del golpegolpeOenotheraOenothera rosearosea -- OnagraceaeOnagraceae

Bruises (topically)

Colic (infusion)

Skin inflammation(poultice, topically)


HierbaHierba del del pollopollo ((MatlMatláálili))CommelinaCommelina stansstans -- CommelinaceaeCommelinaceae

Arthritis (topically)ColicTo treat diarrhea, the leaves are blended with water, lime juice and honey)Hemostatic; fresh crushed leaves applied directly to cut


HierbaHierba del del zorrillozorrilloPetiveriaPetiveria alliaceaalliacea -- PhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaceae

FeverSeizuresWeaknessAvoid in small children, pregnancy andlactation


HierbaHierba de San Franciscode San FranciscoHeimiaHeimia salicifoliasalicifolia -- LithraceaeLithraceae

Bruises, inflammation(ground leaves applied

topically as plaster)

Cold bladder (branchdecoction as bath)

HierbaHierba LuisaLuisa AloysiaAloysia triphyllatriphyllaVerbenaceaeVerbenaceae

Tea from leaves is taken to treat anxiety, diarrhea and stomach upsetLeaves have citrus-like aroma

HiguerillaHiguerilla, , RicinoRicino, Castor oil, , Castor oil, Palma Palma christichristi))

RicinusRicinus communiscommunis -- EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceaeFever, headachePurgativeSeeds very poisonousLectins cause hemagglutination of red blood cellsAvoid internal use

HojaHoja santasanta TlanepaqueliteTlanepaquelite, , MomoMomoPiper sanctumPiper sanctum -- PiperaceaePiperaceae

Tea from stems and leaves is used to treat “susto” or fright


HuinHuinóólolo, , ChirChirááhuihuiAcacia Acacia cuchliacantacuchliacanta -- FabaceaeFabaceae

ColdsDiarrheaGastritisTyphoid feverUrinary problems Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

HuizacheHuizache Acacia Acacia farnesianafarnesianaFabaceaeFabaceae

DiabetesDiarrheaDyspepsia (flowers)FeverKidney painTuberculosis (root)


HuleHule CastillejaCastilleja elasticaelasticaMoraceaeMoraceae

Dislocations

Fractures

Latex applied topically“Vilmas”(bandages)

FlorFlor de Jamaica, de Jamaica, Hibiscus, Hibiscus, RoselleRoselleHibiscus Hibiscus sabdariffasabdariffa -- MalvaceaeMalvaceae

May lower cholesterol

Diuretic

Fever

Laxative, digestive


LLáágrimasgrimas de San Pedro, de San Pedro, Job’s Job’s tearstears

CoixCoix lachrymalachryma--jobijobi -- PoaceaePoaceae

Tea from the leaves is used to treat diabetes


MadroñoMadroño Arbutus Arbutus xalapensisxalapensisEricaceaeEricaceae

Kidney pain

Leaf decoction

Ingested as tea

Avoid in pregnancy


MagnoliaMagnolia Magnolia Magnolia grandifloragrandifloraMagnoliaceaeMagnoliaceae

Cardiac problems

NervesSeizuresAvoid in pregnancy


MagueyMaguey, Century plant, Century plantAgaveAgave sppspp. . AgavaceaeAgavaceae

The leaf juice is taken internally to treat constipation and other digestive ailmentsAguamiel (sugar extract from root) used against gonorrhea


Mangle Mangle rojorojo RhizophoraRhizophora manglemangleRhizphoraceaeRhizphoraceae

Diabetes

Dysentery

Kidney pain(bark decoction as tea)


MangoMango MangiferaMangifera indicaindicaAnacardiaceaeAnacardiaceae

Originally from AsiaMouth infections(seed decoction as mouthwash)Stomachache (bark decoction as tea)


Mata Mata ratratóónn, , CocoCocoííteteGliricidiaGliricidia sepiumsepium -- FabaceaeFabaceae

Fever

Stomach upset

Leaves are used as rodent poisonAvoid internally


MezquiteMezquite ProsopisProsopis juliflorajulifloraFabaceaeFabaceae

Boils (leaves)

Conjunctivitis (leaves)

Stomach upset

MuicleMuicle JusticiaJusticia spicigeraspicigeraAcanthaceaeAcanthaceae

Tea from aerial parts taken to treat constipation

Mange (branch decoction applied topically)

Rash


NancheNanche ByrsonimaByrsonima crassifoliacrassifoliaMalpighiaceaeMalpighiaceae

Astringent action used to treat diarrheaFungal infections of the gumsLoose teeth


NopalNopal, , Prickly pear cactusPrickly pear cactusOpuntiaOpuntia sppspp. . CactaceaeCactaceae

Stems eaten raw or cooked to treat diabetes Stems contain mucilage and fiberPulverized cactus capsules taken to lower cholesterolDigestive Obesity (fiber)


NopalNopal duraznilloduraznilloOpuntiaOpuntia leucotrichaleucotricha -- CactaceaeCactaceae

Stem eaten to treat diabetes

Diarrhea

Urinary -problems


OcoteOcote coloradocolorado PinusPinus patulapatulaPinaceaePinaceae

Sore throat (hoarseness)Branch decoction taken as tea

Colds


Palo Palo bobobobo Ipomoea Ipomoea arborescensarborescensConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae

Cardiac problemsFeverSpleen“Madness”Toxic to ruminants (causes emaciation)

Palo de Palo de BrasilBrasilHaematoxylonHaematoxylon brasilettobrasiletto -- FabaceaeFabaceae

Tea made from branches taken to treat depression, fever and urinary problems (infections, kidney stones)


Palo de Palo de CampecheCampeche, , TintoTintoHaematoxylonHaematoxylon campechianumcampechianum -- FabaceaeFabaceae

Branch decoction taken as tea to treat:Diarrhea and dysenteryVenereal disease (“blood purifier”)


Palo Palo fierrofierro OlneyaOlneya tesotatesotaFabaceaeFabaceae

Asthma

Fever

Loose teeth

Stomach ache


Palo Palo mulatomulato BurseraBursera grandifoliagrandifoliaBurseraceaeBurseraceae

A decoction of the bark is taken as tea against fever


Palo Palo mulatomulato BurseraBursera grandifoliagrandifoliaBurseraceaeBurseraceae

Headache

Stomachache(branch decoction applied topically as poultice)


PapayoPapayoCaricaCarica papaya papaya -- CaricaceaeCaricaceae

Asthma (boiled leavesas plaster)Digestive (pulp)Insect bite (latex)Meat tenderizer (seeds)Seeds used to expel worms


PataPata de de vacavaca Bauhinia Bauhinia divaricatadivaricataFabaceaeFabaceae

Asthma “Cesido”Dysentery

“Empacho”IcterusWorms Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

PegarropaPegarropa, , PegajosaPegajosaMentziellaMentziella hispidahispida --LoasaceaeLoasaceae

Venereal disease

Depurative

Purgative

Avoid in pregnancyPhoto Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

Pica Pica -- picapicaMucunaMucuna prurienspruriens -- FabaceaeFabaceae

The “hairs” covering pod are mixed with porridge or soft cheese to expel wormsThis product is ingested before breakfastAvoid in pregnancyAllergenic to skin

PingPingüüicaica EhretiaEhretia tinifoliatinifoliaBoraginaceaeBoraginaceae

Leaves and fruits used to make tea for treatment of urinary ailments


PiñoncilloPiñoncillo JatrophaJatropha curcascurcasEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

AbortifacientCandidiasis (oral)Oral infectionsPurgative (latex and roasted seeds)Potentially toxicAvoid internally


PirPirúúll, , AArbolrbol del del PerPerúúSchinusSchinus mollemolle -- AnacardiaceaeAnacardiaceae

Tea made from leaves is used to treat diverse ailments including:colic, conjunctivitis, coughs, gonorrhea, rheumatism and tuberculosisThe plant can be a skin allergen


PitahayaPitahayaLemaireocereusLemaireocereus thurberithurberi -- CactaceaeCactaceae

Tea made from the plant used to treat diabetes

Snakebite (unproven treatment)

Stings


PlPláátanotano, , BananaBanana MusaMusa sapientumsapientumMusaceaeMusaceae

Fruit is used to treat gall bladder ailments and diarrheaFruit peel decoction taken as teaFruit is rich source of potassium and carbohydrates


PongolotePongolote CochliospermumCochliospermum vitifoliumvitifoliumCochlospermaceaeCochlospermaceae

Enemas (bark decoction) for digestive problems and body cleansing


PuPuáánn MuntingiaMuntingia calaburacalaburaEleocarpaceaeEleocarpaceae

A decoction made from the plant is used externally to treat measles, urticaria and skin infections


QueliteQuelite, , BledoBledo, Lamb’s quarters, Lamb’s quartersAmaranthusAmaranthus hybridushybridus -- AmaranthaceaeAmaranthaceae

Tea made from the plant is used to treat diarrhea and intestinal -hemorrhagesLeaves are edible, but may contain oxalatesExternally, the leaves are applied as a poultice to treat skin infections


QuiebraQuiebra muelasmuelas, , MilkweedMilkweedAsclepiasAsclepias curassavicacurassavica -- AsclepiadaceaeAsclepiadaceae

Boils (leaf poultice applied topically)

Toothache (latex applied topically)

Avoid internal use, potentially toxic


RamRamóón n BrosimumBrosimum alicastrumalicastrumMoraceaeMoraceae

Boils (bark decoction as tea or wash)Coughs Kidney pain(leaf decoction as tea)


RobleRoble TabebuiaTabebuia rosearoseaBignoniaceaeBignoniaceae

Callous feet (bark applied topically)FeverRheumatism

(branch decoction applied as bath)


Salvia, Salvia, SageSageSalvia Salvia sppspp. . -- LamiaceaeLamiaceae

Tea from leaves is used to treat menstrual problems such as hot flashes in menopauseTopically as skin antisepticAvoid in pregnancy and lactation

SalviaSalvia, , SageSage

Essential oil is neurotoxic, avoid in epilepsyAvoid in patients with high blood pressureAvoid in small children

SangreSangre de de dragodrago, , SangregradoSangregradoJatrophaJatropha dioicadioica -- EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

Applied topically for alopecia and dandruffBranch decoction as rinse or mouthwashAvoid internallyDrastic purgative


SangreSangre de de gradogradoCroton Croton dracodraco -- EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

Latex from the branch and fruit applied topically to treat candidiasis and stomatitisAvoid internallyDrastic purgative


SaSaúúcoco, , Mexican elderMexican elderSambucusSambucus mexicanamexicana -- CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceae

Arthritis and rheumatism (leaves-externally)Coughs, bronchitis (flowers-infusion)ExpectorantWhooping cough


SaSaúúcoco, , ElderElder

Unripe berries may cause digestive upset (diarrhea, vomiting)

Avoid bark, root or berries in small children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation


SSáávilavila, , ZZáábilabila, Aloe, AloeAloe Aloe sppspp.. -- LiliaceaeLiliaceae

Gel is emollient and used topically for skin cuts, infections and burns (usually safe)Latex is purgative, used to treat constipation and diabetes, but may cause toxicity


SSáávilavila, , ZZáábilabila, Aloe, Aloe

Leaf preparations may cause uterine contractions, avoid in pregnancy and lactation

Avoid internally, it may be irritating to intestine and kidneys Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

TabachTabachíínn CaesalpiniaCaesalpinia pulcherrimapulcherrimaFabaceaeFabaceae

Flower infusion (tea) isused to treat coughs and a condition known as “Oguío” Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

TabacoTabaco coyote, coyote, Wild tobaccoWild tobaccoNicotianaNicotiana glaucaglauca -- SolanaceaeSolanaceae

Arthritis (topical)Asthma (smoked)Fever (leaves applied on stomach)Headache (leaves applied on temples) Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

TabacoTabaco coyote, T. coyote, T. cimarroncimarron

Contains nicotineAvoid in pregnancy, lactation, and in small children

TarayTaray EysenhardtiaEysenhardtia polystachyapolystachyaLeguminosaeLeguminosae

The bark is used as a tea (diuretic)

TTááscatescate, , JuniperJuniperJuniperusJuniperus deppeanadeppeana -- PinaceaePinaceae

Neuralgia –rheumatism (topical)Nocturnal enuresis in childrenAvoid in pregnancyand lactationAvoid internal use


TatachinoleTatachinoleTournefortiaTournefortia hartwegianahartwegiana -- BoraginaceaeBoraginaceae

A decoction from the roots is taken to treat coughs, kidney stones, parasites and rheumatism


TepescohuiteTepescohuiteMimosa Mimosa tenuifloratenuiflora -- FabaceaeFabaceae

Burns, wounds (pulverized bark, applied topically)

Gastritis, ulcers (bark decoction as tea)


TexcalamaTexcalama, , AmateAmateFicusFicus petiolarispetiolaris -- MoraceaeMoraceae

Chest painsEmetic (root) Fractures (topical)Cathartic Stomatitis (latex)Emetic (root)Avoid in pregnancy


TlachichinoleTlachichinole KohleriaKohleria deppeanadeppeanaGesneraciaeGesneraciae

A tea made from the branches is taken to treat gastrointestinal inflammation and kidney pain


TlatlancuayaTlatlancuaya IrisineIrisine celosiacelosiaAmaranthaceaeAmaranthaceae

Anti inflammatoryDiaphoreticFeverInsect bitesTyphoid feverTyphus


TojeToje PhoradendronPhoradendron californicumcalifornicumLoranthaceaeLoranthaceae

Used to treat boils, diarrhea and venereal diseasePotentially toxicAvoid in pregnancyMay cause hypotension Photo Courtesy of México Desconocido Magazine

ToloacheToloache DaturaDatura stramoniumstramoniumSolanaceaeSolanaceae

Asthma ( smoked as cigarrettes)Applied topically for skin boilsHallucinogenic (seeds)Rheumatism (topical)Used in ethnic rituals Toxic, Avoid Use


TronadorTronador KalanchoeKalanchoe pinnatapinnataCrassulaceaeCrassulaceae

African plant

Anti inflammatoryBurns (topically)

TulipTulipáánn Hibiscus Hibiscus sinensissinensisMalvaceaeMalvaceae

“Ascedio”

Candidiasis (thrush)

TulipTulipáánn de de montemonteMalvaviscusMalvaviscus arboreusarboreus -- MalvaceaeMalvaceae

Dysentery

Gall bladder ailments

Stomachache

TumbavaquerosTumbavaqueros Ipomoea Ipomoea stansstansConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae

Epilepsy

Hepatitis

Nervousness

Root decoction


UUññaa de de gatogato MartyniaMartynia annuaannuaMartyniaceaeMartyniaceae

Epilepsy (seed decoction)Unrelated to plant from South America with the same common name (Uncariatomentosa)


VaraVara BlancaBlancaCroton Croton fragilisfragilis -- EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

Diarrhea

Purgative

Stomach upsetMalaria

(bark decoction as tea)


WerekeWereke, , GuarequeGuarequeIbervilleaIbervillea sonoraesonorae -- CucurbitaceaeCucurbitaceae

The dried root is used to make a decoction to treat diabetes

Pulverized root is applied to skin as an antiseptic

Avoid in pregnancy and lactation


ZapoZapo, , LomboyLomboy blancoblancoJatrophaJatropha cinereacinerea -- EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae

Scabs and skin infections (leaf decoction)Candidiasis (rinse)Sap purgativeAvoid in pregnancy

ZapoteZapote blancoblanco, , White White sapotasapotaCasimiroaCasimiroa edulisedulis -- RutaceaeRutaceae

A decoction of the seeds and leaves is used to treat insomnia and high blood pressureSeeds are hypnotic; toxic in large dosesAvoid in pregnancy

Photo courtesy of Mexico Desconocido Magazine

ZacatechichiZacatechichi CaleaCalea zacatechichizacatechichiAsteraceaeAsteraceae

Tea from the leaves promotes appetite and is also used to treat fever and stomach ailments, such as colic, and diarrhea


ZoapatleZoapatle, , CCííhuatlpatlihuatlpatli

Tea from the leaves is used to promote labor and as a contraceptive

Avoid in pregnancy and lactation (potentially toxic to both mother and child)

Avoid internally

Photo by Dr. Robert Bye, from Plantas de México al Mundo

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Aguilar A. Plantas Medicinales del Centro de México.México City: Guías Prácticas México Desconocido; 1999.

Argueta A. Atlas de las Plantas de la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana. 3 Vols.Mexico City: Instituto Nacional Indigenista; 1994

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Chávez M, Franco I, González M. Tlatenco: Tradición Herbolaria y Remedios Caseros.Mexico City: INAH; 2003.

Gispert M, Rodriguez H . Los Coras: Plantas Alimenticias y Medicinales De Su Ambiente Natural.Mexico City: CONACULTA; 1998.

González M. Plantas Medicinales del Noreste de México.Monterrey, Mexico: IMSS-Vitro; 1998.

González-Stuart A. Plantas Tóxicas Para El Ganado.Mexico City: Editorial Limusa; 1990.

Johnson D, Moreno S, Lopez R. Compendio Fitoquímico de La Medicina Tradicional Herbolaria de Sonora. Hermosillo: Universidad de Sonora; 1996.

Linares E, Flores B, Bye R. Selección de Plantas Medicinales de México.Mexico City: Limusa; 1994.

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Lozoya, X. Tziuhpatli: Herba Officinalis.Mexico City: SSA-UNAM;1999.

Martínez M. Las Plantas Medicinales de México.Mexico City: Editorial Botas; 1989.

Vázquez, R Plantas Medicinales del Noroeste de México.Mexico City: Guías México Desconocido # 4; 1999.

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Documents

Plants Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine