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Plastics Waste Management Current Status - INDIA Presented on 07th February 2015 at Asia Plastic Forum (APF) Plastindia 2015, Gandhinagar Submitted By - Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment
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Plastics Waste ManagementCurrent Status
INDIA
Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE)
MumbaiMumbaiMumbaiMumbaiwww.icpeenvis.nic.inwww.icpeenvis.nic.inwww.icpeenvis.nic.inwww.icpeenvis.nic.in // // // // www.icpe.inwww.icpe.inwww.icpe.inwww.icpe.in
Presented
@
Asia Plastic Forum (APF)Plastindia 2015, Gandhinagar
HOW MUCH PLASTIC WASTE ?
REQUIRING ATTENTION FOR ITS MANAGEMENT
Major Source
• Municipal Solid Waste
• Medical• Electronic
4
PLASTICS IN MSW - MUMBAI
Source: NEERI study - 2005
5
Figures for Mumbai. Source: NSWAI - 2009
PLASTICS WASTE IN MSW AT
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS - MUMBAI
6
Figures for Deonar Dumping Yard, Mumbai. Source: Environmental Greenliness - 2009
SOLID WASTE AT DEONAR LANDFILL - MUMBAI
Plastics Waste Remaining in Landfills
Unattended
• EPS
• Multilayered / Laminated Plastics
• Thin Soiled bags (mixed) / Thin Cups
MSW: STATISTICS
Total MSW ~ 63 MMT
Bio – Medical Waste … 500 MTD
(250 – 300 gms/day/bed)
(182500 MTA)
E – Waste … 470, 000 MTA
__________________________________
(Includes plastics waste)
(Source … GoI (MoUD, 2010)
PLASTICS WASTE IN MSW
• Big Cities ~ 5 – 8 %
• Smaller Cities ~ 1 – 2%
Considering less than 1% PW ultimately remaining in the MSW (landfill):
Practical Estimate is < 1.0 MMT
PET Bottle Waste
Total Bottle 0.6 MMT
______________________________
Remain in Circulation 0.1 MMT
Recycled 0.4 MMT
______________________________
Remain uncollected 0.1 MMT
Source: PET Bottle Industry Assn
Present Activities
RECYCLING STATISTICS - INDIA
TRADITIONALLY INDIANS OPTED FOR RECYCLING WAY BACK IN THE 60’S AS A SOURCE OF EARNING. TODAY THE STATUS IS -
• ORGANISED RECYCLING UNITS: ≈ 3500
• UNORGANISED RECYCLING UNITS: ≈ 4000
•MANPOWER: DIRECT ≈ 0.6 MNINDIRECT ≈ 1 MN
•PLASTICS RECYCLED PER ANNUM ≈ 4 MMT
Source: CIPET Study for CPCB
SALIENT POINTS
• NEARLY 100% RECYCLING OF RIGID PLASTICS EXCEPTING EPS & ONE TIME USED SMALL CUPS
• 70% OF 0.6 MMT PET BOTTLE WASTE IS RECYCLED, 15% BEING IN CIRCULATION WHILE 15% DOES NOT REACH RECYCLERS
Waste pickers with vanLoading of dry waste in
Municipality van
Dry waste being carried
for loading into
Municipality van
Dry waste at housing
colonies
Collected dry waste on
way to segregation area
SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE
AT SELECT MUMBAI WARDS
Segregation of dry waste
Packing of segregated
dry waste
Storing of segregated dry
waste in secured place
Segregated dry waste being weighed
and sold to recyclers / traders
SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE
• BMC PROVIDES SPACE , SHEDS & COLLECTION VEHICLES
• WASTE PICKERS COLLECT DRY WASTE FROM SOCIETY
BUILDINGS AND SEGREGATE THE SAME INTO DIFFERENT
CATEGORIES
• SEGREGATED DRY WASTE IS STORED IN SECURED SHEDS
• SEGREGATED WASTE IS THEN SOLD TO WASTE DEALERS
WHO IN TURN SELLS TO RECYCLERS
• MINOR QUANTITY OF NON-RECYCLABLES GO TO LANDFILLS
(CAN BE DIVERTED TOWARDS CEMENT KILNS FOR ENERGY
RECOVERY)
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE MODEL PROJECT AT SELECT MUMBAI WARDS
IN 2013, IN 5 SELECT WARDS, 100 WASTE PICKERS SEGREGATED
ABOUT 2000 MTs DRY WASTE AND SENT FOR RECYCLING
EARNING MORE THAN Rs. 1.1 Cr (~ Rs. 9000/ pm / Waste Picker)
INITIATIVES
• Segregation of Dry Waste is Practised only in Limited Areas of some Cities spread over the Country
• ICPE, Associations & NGOs Organise Awareness Programmes Across the Country to Popularise Source Segregation of Dry Waste
• MoEF, GoI, Supports such Programmes
21
TECHNOLOGY
RECYCLING AND RECOVERY OPTIONS
For
PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT
PREVAILING PRACTICE
22
PLASTICS RECYCLING/RECOVERY OPTIONS
Plastics
Waste
Material
Recovery
Energy
Recovery
Feedstock
Recycling
Mechanical
Recycling
Biological
Recycling
•Co- Processing in Cement Kilns
•Heat & Power Generation
•Monomer
•Fuel
•Reducing
Agent in
Blast Furnace
•Gasification
Most
AdoptedISO 15270:2008
MECHANICAL RECYCLING –
CONVENTIONAL & MOST FOLLOWED PROCESS WORLDWIDE
IN INDIA ALSO MECHANICAL RECYCLING IS THE MOST PRACTISED PROCESS
COMPRESION MOULDED BOARDS
FROM MULTILAYERED TETRAPACK
LIMITED FACILITY DEVELOPED
MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF MIXED
PLASTICS
LUMBER AS WOOD SUSTITUTE
INDIAN MACHINERY MANUFACTURER DEVELOPED SMALLER PLANT
MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF WASTE PLASTICS WITH JUTE
FURNITURE & FLOOR : REPLACEMENT OF WOOD
ENERGY RECOVERY -CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILN
• ALL TYPES OF MIXED PLASTICS WASTE CAN BE USED
• SEGREGATION AND CLEANING NOT REQUIRED
ENERGY RECOVERY
CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILNS
• Cleaner emissions (compared to coal)
• > 60 % Replacement of Coal Established - (Germany)• ICPE & ACC Ltd Established Protocol for Co-processingPlastics Waste in Cement Kilns in India
• At 10% Replacement Rate 150 out of 170 Cement Kilns InIndia could dispose of entire Plastics Waste generated in the country today in a scientific manner
• CPCB Issued Directives to All States for Using PlasticsWaste as Alternate Fuel
Polyethylene : 46 MJ/kgPolypropylene: 44 MJ/kgPolyamide (Nylons): 32 MJ/kgPET : 22 MJ/kg
Coal : 29 MJ/kg
CALORIFIC VALUES
…. ENERGY RECOVERY
Cement Kilns use about 650 Kgs of Plastics Waste to substitute 1 MT of Coal
PRESENT STATUS:
• INDIAN PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE• SOME PLANTS ARE RUNNING IN SOME CITIES IN THE
COUNTRY – HYDERABAD, ALATHUR (Nr CHENNAI), PUNE, VASAI (Nr MUMBAI), NAVI MUMBAI
• SOME CORPORATES HAVE SET UP PLANTS FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF THEIR OWN PLASTICS/ E-WASTE (BANGALORE)
• CIVIC BODIES SHOWING GROWING INTEREST IN PROVIDING THE PLASTIC WASTE TO SUCH PLANTSUNDER DECENTRALISATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE
CONVERSION TO FUEL
ALL TYPES OF MIXED PLASTICS WASTE CAN BE USED WITHOUT
ELABORATE CLEANING
CONVERSION TO FUEL
Hyderabad
Mumbai
Plastics Waste to Fuel Plant Zero Waste Project at New Delhi Colony
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Bidyasagar Street – Kalyani
West Bengal
PLASTICS WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
… PLASTICS WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
ASPHALT PLANT OF BMC, WORLI, MUMBAIProf. V S AGHASE ROAD DADAR, MUMBAI
Plastics Waste used in Road
Construction
• PE / PP / PS / EPS : 10 – 15% Replacement of Bitumen Established with Proven Benefits
• Multilayered Plastics & EPS @ 15% of total Plastics Waste Have been Used
For 1 KM long and 7 feet wide Road, 1 MT of Plastics Waste is used with 9 MTs of Bitumen.
450, 000 KM Rural Road in India Can Use more than 0.5 Mn Tons of Plastics Waste
42
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
• AS PER EXISTING MSW RULES OF 2000, DRY AND WET WASTE ARE REQUIRED TO BE SEGREGATED AT THE SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION FOR COLLECTION BY THE MUNICIPALITY AUTHORITIES SEPARATELY FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING.
• NEW REGULATION OF 2011 EMPHASISES INVOLVEMENT OF MANUFACTURERS FOR SETTING UP OF COLLECTION CENTRES FOR PLASTICS WASTE IN LINE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF EXTENDED PRODUCER’S RESPONSIBILITY (EPR).
43
MSW Management Practice – EU
44