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Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
accepted by the vast majority of scientists accepted by the vast majority of scientists Earth’s interior is made up of two layers: the Earth’s interior is made up of two layers: the
lithosphere comprising the crust and the lithosphere comprising the crust and the solidified uppermost part of the mantle. solidified uppermost part of the mantle.
Mantle is on top of the asthenosphere, a very Mantle is on top of the asthenosphere, a very thick viscous fluid layerthick viscous fluid layer
Lithosphere “floats” on asthenosphere.Lithosphere “floats” on asthenosphere.
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Lithosphere broken into Lithosphere broken into tectonic platestectonic plates
10 major and many 10 major and many minor platesminor plates
How Plates Move.How Plates Move.
Convection currents: Convection currents: heating causes a heating causes a material to expand and material to expand and rise, then cooling causes rise, then cooling causes the material to contract the material to contract and fall.and fall.
Lithosphere on a Lithosphere on a metaphorical treadmill.metaphorical treadmill.
3 Types of Plate Boundaries3 Types of Plate Boundaries
1. Transform 1. Transform BoundariesBoundaries
2. Convergent 2. Convergent BoundariesBoundaries
3. Divergent 3. Divergent BoundariesBoundaries
Convergent BoundaryConvergent Boundary
2 plates moving toward 2 plates moving toward each othereach other Subduction Zone: one Subduction Zone: one
plate slides under plate slides under another. Correlated with another. Correlated with volcanoes. volcanoes.
Continental Collision: if Continental Collision: if two continental plates two continental plates collide. EX: Himalayan collide. EX: Himalayan mountainsmountains
Transform BoundariesTransform Boundaries
Plates grind past each Plates grind past each other.other.
Fault lineFault line San AndreasSan Andreas Earthquakes Earthquakes
Divergent BoundaryDivergent Boundary
2 plates slide away from 2 plates slide away from each othereach other
Mid-ocean trenchesMid-ocean trenches Key concept supporting Key concept supporting
plate tectonicsplate tectonics
PangaeaPangaea
Super continent Super continent believed to exist during believed to exist during prehistoric times. prehistoric times.
Breaking up of PangaeaBreaking up of Pangaea
First major break up of First major break up of Pangaea occurred Pangaea occurred during the Triassic during the Triassic period.period.
Formation of Atlantic Formation of Atlantic Ocean and Mississippi Ocean and Mississippi river occurred.river occurred.
Breaking up of PangaeaBreaking up of Pangaea
150 million years ago150 million years ago South America break South America break
away from super away from super continentcontinent
India and Africa begin India and Africa begin to move northto move north
Breaking up of PangaeaBreaking up of Pangaea
60-50 million years ago60-50 million years ago North America and North America and
Greenland break awayGreenland break away India collides with AsiaIndia collides with Asia Australia breaks away Australia breaks away
from Antarcticafrom Antarctica