Upload
olin
View
52
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Plato, Socrates, and Euthyphro . World Literature Mr. Brennan. Do-Now. Divine Command Is something morally right because God commands it, or does God command it because it is morally right? . AGENDA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Plato, Socrates, and Euthyphro World LiteratureMr. Brennan
Divine Command
Is something morally right
because God commands it, or
does God command it because it is morally
right?
Do-Now
SWBAT annotate the logical reasoning of Socrates' stance on piety and morality as presented in Plato's Euthyphro.
1. Mini-Lecture: Plato & Socrates 2. Class Reading: Euthyphro (pg. 102-110; pgs.
9)
ContentObjective
AGENDA
Complete: Reading and Corresponding Questions
HomeworkReminders
Plato(428/427 or 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece, andstudent of Socrates. He is the author of philosophical dialogues, and founder ofthe Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.
Socrates(c. 469 BC – 399 BCE) was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher, credited as a founder of Western philosophy,
As portrayed in Plato's dialogues, Socrates has become renowned for:• his contribution to the field of ethics• as well as the field of epistemology• the Socratic method, or elenchus • the concepts of Socratic ironyThe influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for much western philosophy that followed.
Ethics: Nature of Human Morality
Central to Socrates' teaching is the association of
goodness with knowledge and evil with ignorance.
One of his more famous doctrines is thatno one ever knowingly does wrong.
Thus, Socrates' stated purpose in life is to bring people to greater wisdom by questioning them, revealing their
ignorance. In improving people's wisdom, he makes them more
virtuous.
Epistemology/Knowledge:Theory of Recollection
According to Socrates, all knowledge is known from previous
experience. His belief is that we already know everything
and have known it since we were born,
we simply recall these facts from memory when we re-learn them.
Socratic MethodThe elenchus begins with Socrates' an individual claiming to have a perfect understanding of some term, usually an ethical term (i.e. justice, virtue, piety). Socrates then proceeds to question this individual about their knowledge of that term, trying to arrive at the essence of the matter. Usually, he/she will manage to find several cases which exemplify that term, but will have trouble saying what they all have in common that make the given term apply to them. Through careful interrogation, Socrates will show that they do not in fact know anything more than a few scattered and imprecise examples.
Socratic IronyThe irony lies in Socrates' manner of
wholeheartedly accepting the “expert’s” claim to see where it leads.
Socrates and the reader know perfectly well that he will ultimately find this claim
unsatisfactory, but this can only be discovered by the expert if Socrates at least appears to
accept the definition at the outset.
We can easily see Socrates' conviction that true knowledge of a concept comes only when we can properly define it.
Euthyphro claims to be an expert with regard to what is pious (holy) and what is impious (unholy).
Plato, in later dialogues, will ultimately conclude that the Theory of Forms is the only way to provide satisfactory definitions; when you identify its true essence.
Euthyphro