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PLAY IN THE ECDTHE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PLAY SUPPORTS
LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHOLE CHILD
EDUCATIONAL PLAY
• • They learn through playing - prepare them for school
• • Teaches problem-solving.
• • Improve self-confidence
• • Social skills development
• • Learning how to play with others through compromise, conflict resolution and sharing
• • Development of motor skills
• • Nurturing their creativity and imagination
• • Discovering their independence and positive self-esteem.
• • Gains exposure to new situations and feelings
• • Teaches rules and fair play
EXAMPLES OF EDUCATIONAL PLAY
• Concepts toys and games
• Memory games
• Dominoes
• Lotto games
Help children to explore
concepts such as colour, size,
shape and number while
developing skills such as
sorting, matching, classifying
and sequencing..
CONSTRUCTION TOYS
Duplo
Lego
Junior Engineer
Constructor connect and Unfix
blocks
MANIPULATIVE TOYS
Toys with pieces that can be
manipulated or moved
Threading and lacing toys
Cards
Beads
Stacking rings
Sorting trays
Pickup sticks
PUZZLES
• It can be different sizes, have
different number of pieces and
different shapes.
• Inset puzzles - fit into holes
• Jigsaw puzzles - pieces fit
together
EDUCATIONAL GAMES WITH RULES
• Rules are about how you
should play the game
• Snakes and ladders
• Ludo
• Dice games
• Snap
ROLE OF THE EDUCARER
• Mediation during educational play
(Role of the teacher)
• = Encourage them to ask
questions
• = Encourage them to take
creative risks
• = Initiate play
• = Close supervision
• = Set clear rules
• = Ensure that toys or games
are used correctly.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TOY
• A toy must:
• • Be simple in the design
• • Made of good quality material
• • Be safe to play with
• • Be durable
• • Be attractive
• • Be big enough
• • Be stimulating
• • Be durable
• • Be multi-purpose and adaptable
THE SAFETY OF TOYS
• Toys must not be too
heavy for children
• It must be inflammable
• No battery-driven toys
• Cords of toys not longer
than 30 cm.
• No broken toys which
can hurt a child
• No cellulose hair on toys
• No small removable parts
• Non-toxic paint used on
the toys
• No electrical toys
• No sharp corners
TYPES OF TOYS
Natural toys and play materials
• • Sand
• • Mud
• • Water
The value:
• To learn mathematical
concepts like float,
measure etc.
• Enrich fantasy play e.g.
to build roads in the sand
• Any age group can enjoy
it
• It is cheap
• Children can socialize
while playing
• There is not a ‘right’ and
a ‘wrong’
EDUCATIONAL TOYS
• The value
• These are toys through
which a child learn
to prepare
for school tasks.
• Encourage the child to use
his senses.
• To prepare the child for
school.
ACTIVE PLAY EQUIPMENT
The value
• Motor development takes place
• It is fun
• Provides learning activities like
high, low, under, over….
• Lots of social activities with
friends
FANTASY PLAY EQUIPMENT
• • Old clothes
• • Household objects
Themes for fantasy play:
• Hospital
• Shop
• Restaurant
• Hairdressing
The value
• Children identify with
roles
• To ‘make pretend’ makes
child feels in control
• They can express their
feelings
(REVISION)WATER, SAND AND MUD PLAYNATURAL TOYS
• WATER PLAY
• Children love to play with water.
They feel FREE when playing with
water.
• Water is placed in containers
which will keep the water inside.
• Water play can happen inside or
outside the class.
MUD PLAY
• Mud can be pre-made by the staff, or the children can
help to mix the sand and water in order to get mud.
• Children must wear aprons when working with mud.
SAND PLAY
• Children enjoy playing in a
sandpit.
• The sandpit must be BIG
ENOUGH for several children to get
inside so they can dig holes, make
tunnels and build castles.
Sand in your fingernails
Sand between your toes
Sand in your earholes
Sand up your nose!
Sand in your sandwiches
Sand in your bananas
Sand in your bed at night
Sand in your pyjamas!
Sand in you sandals
Sand in your hair
Sand in your knickers
Sand everywhere!
by John Foster
EQUIPMENT FOR WATER, SAND AND MUD PLAY
• SPADES
• One can buy them or make them.
• To make:
• Use a very strong plastic bottle.
• Cut in half in the length.
• Use the bottoms of plastic bottles and containers.
• FUNNELS
• Use the tops of plastic bottles.
• Use pieces of hose pipes and plastic piping.
• SIEVES
• Make use of old bottles.
• Cut in half. Use the bottom and make holes in. Use a piece of hot wire.
• ANY LARGE CONTAINERS
• One can use any plastic container.
• One can also buy large sandpit apparatus e.g. big plastic spades or
buy buckets in a variety of colours.
VALUE OF WATER, SAND AND MUD PLAY
• • Children also LEARN while playing with
these mediums. They pour water from one
container to another and learn e.g. about
measuring or that some things can FLOAT on
water.
• • Water has a CALMING effect on children.
• • Water, sand and mud inspire children
towards FANTASY play.
• • Their LANGUAGE DEVELOPS while they
are playing.
• • The SENSES of the children develops e.g.
feeling
• Water, sand and mud play are
MESSY activities.
• Children EXPLORE and DISCOVER
while playing with sand, mud or water.
• Water, sand and mud are NATURAL
toys. They are easily available in nature.
• Children enjoy these activities
because there is a lot of SOCIAL CONTACT
between the children while playing.
• Children enjoy these activities
because they experience FUN and satisfaction
while playing. They love the feeling of sand and
mud going through their fingers.
• Children feel SECURE when playing
in the sand or water.
PREPARATION FOR PLAY
Sand play Mud play Water play
WHERE:
Indoors
On veranda
Outdoors
EQUIPMENT:
Outdoors in sandpit made of brick and cement, a wooden sand
box or sand in a big tire
Children take off their shoes.
Special sand can be ordered if sand gets hard.
Keep the sand wet all the time for the children to enjoy.
Indoors
On veranda
Outdoors
Use an old bath tub or make mud on the
ground.
Protect indoor furniture with plastic.
Children protect their clothes with aprons
Mud must not be too thick or too watery.
Indoors
On Veranda
Outdoors
Wash tub, baby bath,
Low zinc bath or a drum cut in
half
Protect furniture with plastic.
Protect children’s clothes with
aprons.
Sand play Mud play Water play
Plastic buckets,
spoons, old pots and
pans, funnels,
Plastic bottles and
flower pots, plastic
cars, animals and
fantasy figures.
Egg containers made
from polystyrene.
Spades and rakes.
Plastic buckets, mugs,
spoons, spades. Old
pots and cookie cutters.
Fantasy equipment like
human figures.
Play with own
discoveries e.g. leaves.
Plastic buckets, mugs, spoons,
spades. Old pots and cookie
cutters. Straws, watering cans,
plastic spray bottles, sponges,
egg beaters.
Also objects which can float or
sink.
Sometimes add some dish
washing liquid or paint to the
water to blow bubbles.
Allow children from time to time
to wash doll’s clothes.
Add lukewarm water on cold
days.
EQUIPMENT
AND
ACTIVITIES
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Why is outdoor play
important?
• Play builds self esteem
• Encourages creativity
• Helps children practice new
skills
• Helps children learn about
different roles
• Builds relationships / social
skills
• Teaches children to focus
on tasks
Examples of outdoor play
• Play with water, sand and mud
• Jungle gyms
• Swings and slides
• Ball and rope games
• Bikes, trikes and scooters
Examples of outdoor equipment
• Climbing apparatus -jungle gyms, nets
and ladders
• Swinging - swings, monkey bars and
ropes, tyre swings
• Sliding - slide, ramps, flattened
cardboard boxes
• Play house, large boxes, tunnels
• Sand and water play - sand pit or sand
tray, bath or basin, tins, plastic containers,
mugs, cake pans, funnels, sieves, colanders,
spoons, jugs, plastic bottles, squeeze
bottles, sponges, containers with holes,
straws, egg whisks
• Small plastic tables and chairs
• Pulling, pushing and riding - boxes, plastic
crates with ropes to pull them along, tyres, tricycles,
wheelbarrows and prams
• Balancing - balance beam, planks supported by
bricks, tyres, see-saw and stilts (rope and tins)
• Pretend play - traffic signs and tracks, steering
wheels of old cars, hats, helmets, adult-sized
clothes, bags, empty boxes (cereal, food, etc.), tins,
plastic containers, sunglasses, old binoculars
• Catching, throwing, kicking and hitting - balls,
bats, beanbags
• Building - blocks and boxes
• Gardening play - watering cans, small garden
forks and spades, seeds
Outlay of the outside play area• A space for running
• A space for climbing, hanging and swinging
• An area for pretend play
• A resting area
• A water play area
• A sand area
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Discovery activities• This is a DOING corner.
• Children are using their
senses to explore and learn.
• In this corner, children are
thinking, investigating and
solving problems.
• Things are placed on a low
table for children to explore
themselves.
Value of discovery activities• Children develop their senses.
• It supports a child’s vocabulary and
language development.
• Helps with number (maths) concepts.
• Helps to discover patterns.
• Helps a child to observe, collect information
and make predictions.
• Teaches them social skills.
• Learn how to take care of living things.
• They learn how to work together.
• Feeds curiosity
Natural objects (Nature) Leaves, sea shells, rocks and stones, different types of wood, pine cones, bird’s
nest, seeds, acorns, soil
Living things Non-toxic plants
Herbs
Insects (ants, snails, worms, bugs, butterflies)
Animals (hamsters, fish, birds, eggs that hatch)
Science Magnets, machines, things that float and sink, things that are used for tying, things with
lids, things with holes, heavy and light things
Mathematics Beads, pebbles, counters, sorting trays, scale, tape measure, shapes, etc.
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PLANNING OUTINGS
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THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Decide where you are going - tie it in with
your curriculum
• Identify the site to be visited.
• Conduct a pre-visit (if possible) to familiarise
yourself.
• Will the trip stimulate or enrich the children?
• Will it engage the children to think?
• Will it be a meaningful day?
• It should be a place that is familiar in some
ways to the children.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• 2). Ask your administrator /
principle
• • Submit field trip plans to the
district and principle.
• • Submit a list of students who
might be attending the trip.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Arrange for transportation
• Policies and forms for securing
transportation should be followed
• Children should never be transported in
cars owned by private individuals.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Decide on a food plan
• Safe and healthy food should be
provided.
• Decide whether you will be
providing food or whether kids
should bring their own packed
lunches.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
Plan your schedule
What time will you be leaving?
What will you be doing throughout
the day?
At what time will you be back at
school?
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Arrange your supervision (get parents
involved).
• Supervision of all children at all times is essential.
• Decide how children will be grouped with adults.
• A place for regrouping and check points should be
identified at each trip site.
• A designated person for each group should carry
a first aid kit, money and needed supplies.
• Send a letter to parents to request for help as
chaperones.
• Provide alternative arrangements for kids that
might not be going on the trip.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Create a permission form
• Teacher should explain the planned trip to parents and receive permission slips for each child.
• Teacher must have children and parent’s names, phone numbers and emergency numbers with them at all times.
• Compose a parent permission letter including the following:
• Date and location of field trip
• Transportation arrangements
• Educational purposes of field trip
• Provision for special needs students
• Cost
• Clothing for the trip
• Lunch arrangements
• Money needed
• Trip schedule
• Whether a child will need prescribed medication administered
• Parent signature
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Decide who’s allowed to go
• Age and developmental level of
children should be taken into
consideration.
• Special needs of all the children
should be considered.
• It should be appropriate for all
children in the class.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• Preparation before the trip
• Teacher may use a story book or props to set the stage for the
trip and explain the purpose of the trip.
• Discuss the trip with the children.
• Review and rehearse safety precautions, buddy system,
positive behavioural expectations and emergency procedures.
• Review responsibilities and rules with all the adults going with.
• Staff should prepare identification cards/tags for all children -
include the name of the school and phone number.
• Children wear the same shirts – printed with the school’s
name and logo.
• Collect money for admissions fees
• Create a list of all student names and telephone numbers for
us in an emergency.
THE PROCEDURE WHEN PLANNING AN OUTING / FIELD TRIP
• 10). On the day of the trip
• • An accurate list of children in
attendance on the day of the trip must be
supplied.
• • A copy must be left at the
school.
• • Pass out name tags.
• • Divide class into small groups
and assign chaperones.
• • Secure a cell phone
• • Take along an emergency kit.
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