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Playing to improve spa1al organiza1on in the Williams syndrome popula1on Introduc1on Berney, S., Linh Quang, S., Szilas, N., Barisnikov, K., & Heiz, J. Numerous games were developed during these last decades to help and support skills educa6on for children with special needs. People with Williams Syndrome, who encounter par6cular learning difficul6es in drawing, wri6ng and geometry, seem to have been forgo@en by game developers. The game "Playing with Space", currently being developed, aims at helping the player to improve his specific spa6al skills associated with drawing and graphic-motor ac6vi6es. This game allows the player to train precise visuospa6al geometric forms by hand drawing, with increasing levels of complexity. WS and spa1al difficul1es Movements Unlock new colors Selected references Hand drawing a simple form : here a horizontal line Correct produc6on: the character can move around and the player receives a posi6ve audio feedback Hand drawing precise form to unlock the chest and discover a new color • A plateform game for touch screen interface (LENOVO Yoga) developed with the authoring tool Clikteam Fusion 2.5 • 8 levels of difficulty, consis6ng of the varia6on of the distance and the height of the plaWorms, and the complexity of the form to be drawn according to the VMI visual-motor integra6on ability subtest • A fic6onal world and a narra6on • This game is part of a larger set of several games being designed to support and train the graphic-motor ac6vi6es and visuo-spa6al skills of WS people, according to the developemental trend of the VMI geometric forms (Berry & Berry, 2004). • WS par6cipants as well as typical development children will play the game and be tested in order to inves6gate poten6al transfer on the VMI. • Par6cipants' game performances are recorded and transcribed in a spreadsheet for analysis. • Each gesture produc6on, each trace is also saved as an image file for further analysis Beery, K. E., Buktenica, N. A., & Beery, N. A. (1997). The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integra6on: VMI, with supplemental developmental tests of visual percep6on and motor coordina6on: administra6on, scoring and teaching manual. Modern Curriculum Press. Malone, T. W., & Lepper, M. R. (1987). Making learning fun: A taxonomy of intrinsic mo6va6ons for learning. In Snow, R. & Farr, M. J. (Ed), Ap6tude, learning, and instruc6on, 3: Cona6ve and affec6ve Process analyses. Hiilsdalle, NJ. (1987), 223-253. Szilas, N., & Acosta, M. (2011). A Theore6cal Background for Educa6onal Video Games: Games, Signs, Knowledge. Handbook of Research on Improving Learning and Mo6va6on through Educa6onal Games: Mul6disciplinary Approaches, Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 215-238. Nardini, M., Atkinson, J., Braddick, O., & Burgess, N. (2008). Developmental trajectories for spa6al frames of reference in Williams syndrome. Developmental Science, 11, 583-595. Heiz, J., & Barisnikov, K. (2016). Visual–motor integra6on, visual percep6on and motor coordina6on in a popula6on with Williams syndrome and in typically developing children. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(10), 945–955. Wrong answers When the player produces an incorrect drawing, he receives a nega6ve audio feedback and help is provided. Aler 2 wrong a@empts, a hand drawing the desired form appears. Aler 4 wrong a@empts, points appear to guide the trace. Aler 6 wrong a@empts, a guiding frame appears. Giving the choice aims at enhancing intrinsic mo6va6on through iden6fica6on (Malone & Lepper, 1987). Graphic design follows the metaphor of the drawing to foster integra6on (Szilas & Acosta, 2011). Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare gene6c neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an important dissocia6on between well- developed general language abili6es (Bellugi, Wang, & Jernigan, 1994) and severe deficits in visuospa6al abili6es (e.g Bellugi, Lichtenberger, Jones, Lai, & St George, 2000). Number of studies used the developmental test of Visual Motor Integra6on (VMI, Beery, Buktenica & Beery, 1997) and highlighted specific visual-construc6on deficits in copy of geometric forms (Bertrand et al., 1997; Dykens, Rosner, & Ly, 2001, Heiz & Barisnikov, 2016) The VMI consists of three subtests to dis6nguish i) visual percep6on, ii) motor coordina6on, and iii) visual-motor integra6on abili6es. The main objec6f of "Playing with Space" is to train the player to draw simple geometric forms, based on the VMI visual-motor integra6on ability subtest. By hand drawing correct simple forms on a touch screen, the player will be able to make his character move around and progress through various levels. Playing with Space Choice of avatars Game mechanics Perspec1ves Technical solu1on Saving data Sandra Berney FAPSE – UPCNE [email protected] Julie Heiz FAPSE – UPCNE [email protected] Contact informa1on Unité des TEChnologies de la Formation et de l’Apprentissage TECFA

Playing to improve spa1al organiza1on in the Williams syndrome … · 2017. 9. 14. · VMI geometric forms (Berry & Berry, 2004). • WS par6cipants as well as typical development

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Page 1: Playing to improve spa1al organiza1on in the Williams syndrome … · 2017. 9. 14. · VMI geometric forms (Berry & Berry, 2004). • WS par6cipants as well as typical development

Playingtoimprovespa1alorganiza1onintheWilliamssyndromepopula1on

Introduc1on

Berney, S., Linh Quang, S., Szilas, N., Barisnikov, K., & Heiz, J.

Numerousgamesweredevelopedduringtheselastdecadestohelpandsupportskillseduca6onforchildrenwithspecialneeds.Peoplewith Williams Syndrome, who encounter par6cular learningdifficul6es in drawing, wri6ng and geometry, seem to have [email protected]"PlayingwithSpace",currentlybeingdeveloped,aimsathelping the player to improve his specific spa6al skills associatedwith drawing and graphic-motor ac6vi6es. This game allows theplayer to train precise visuospa6al geometric forms by handdrawing,withincreasinglevelsofcomplexity.

WSandspa1aldifficul1es

•  Movements

•  Unlocknewcolors

Selectedreferences

Hand drawing a simpleform:hereahorizontalline

Correct produc6on: thecharacter canmove aroundand the player receives aposi6veaudiofeedback

Handdrawingpreciseformtounlockthechestanddiscoveranewcolor

•  A plateform game for touch screen interface (LENOVO Yoga)developedwiththeauthoringtoolClikteamFusion2.5

•  8levelsofdifficulty,consis6ngofthevaria6onofthedistanceandtheheightoftheplaWorms,andthecomplexityoftheformtobedrawn according to the VMI visual-motor integra6on abilitysubtest

•  Afic6onalworldandanarra6on

•  Thisgameispartofalargersetofseveralgamesbeingdesignedtosupport and train the graphic-motor ac6vi6es and visuo-spa6alskillsofWSpeople,according to thedevelopemental trendof theVMIgeometricforms(Berry&Berry,2004).

• WSpar6cipantsaswellastypicaldevelopmentchildrenwillplaythegameandbetestedinordertoinves6gatepoten6altransferontheVMI.

•  Par6cipants'gameperformancesarerecordedandtranscribedinaspreadsheetforanalysis.

•  Eachgestureproduc6on,eachtraceisalsosavedasanimagefileforfurtheranalysis

•  Beery,K.E.,Buktenica,N.A.,&Beery,N.A.(1997).TheBeery-Buktenicadevelopmentaltestofvisual-motorintegra6on:VMI,withsupplementaldevelopmentaltestsofvisualpercep6onandmotorcoordina6on:administra6on,scoringandteachingmanual.ModernCurriculumPress.

•  Malone,T.W.,&Lepper,M.R.(1987).Makinglearningfun:Ataxonomyofintrinsicmo6va6onsforlearning.InSnow,R.&Farr,M.J.(Ed),Ap6tude,learning,andinstruc6on,3:Cona6veandaffec6veProcessanalyses.Hiilsdalle,NJ.(1987),223-253.

•  Szilas,N.,&Acosta,M.(2011).ATheore6calBackgroundforEduca6onalVideoGames:Games,Signs,Knowledge.HandbookofResearchonImprovingLearningandMo6va6onthroughEduca6onalGames:Mul6disciplinaryApproaches,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal,215-238.•  Nardini,M.,Atkinson,J.,Braddick,O.,&Burgess,N.(2008).Developmentaltrajectoriesforspa6alframesofreferenceinWilliamssyndrome.DevelopmentalScience,11,583-595.

•  Heiz,J.,&Barisnikov,K.(2016).Visual–motorintegra6on,visualpercep6onandmotorcoordina6oninapopula6onwithWilliamssyndromeandintypicallydevelopingchildren.JournalofIntellectualDisabilityResearch,60(10),945–955.

•  WronganswersWhen the player produces an incorrectdrawing, he receives a nega6ve audiofeedbackandhelpisprovided.

Aler 2 wronga@ emp t s , ahand drawingt h e d e s i r edformappears.

Aler 4 wronga@empts,pointsappear to guidethetrace.

Aler 6 wronga @ emp t s , aguiding frameappears.

Givingthechoiceaimsatenhancingintr ins ic mo6va6on throughiden6fica6on (Malone & Lepper,1987).Graph ic des ign fo l lows themetaphor of the drawing to fosterintegra6on(Szilas&Acosta,2011).

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare gene6c neurodevelopmentaldisorder characterized by an important dissocia6on between well-developed general language abili6es (Bellugi, Wang, & Jernigan,1994) and severe deficits in visuospa6al abili6es (e.g Bellugi,Lichtenberger,Jones,Lai,&StGeorge,2000).Number of studies used the developmental test of Visual MotorIntegra6on (VMI, Beery, Buktenica & Beery, 1997) and highlightedspecific visual-construc6on deficits in copy of geometric forms(Bertrandetal.,1997;Dykens,Rosner,&Ly,2001,Heiz&Barisnikov,2016)

TheVMIconsistsofthreesubteststodis6nguishi)visualpercep6on,ii)motorcoordina6on,andiii)visual-motorintegra6onabili6es.

The main objec6f of "Playing with Space" is to train the player todraw simple geometric forms, based on the VMI visual-motorintegra6onabilitysubtest.Byhanddrawingcorrectsimpleformsonatouchscreen,theplayerwillbeabletomakehischaractermovearoundandprogressthroughvariouslevels.

PlayingwithSpace

Choiceofavatars

Gamemechanics

Perspec1ves

Technicalsolu1on

Savingdata

SandraBerney�FAPSE–UPCNE�[email protected]�FAPSE–UPCNE�[email protected]

Contactinforma1on

Unité des

TEChnologies de la

Formation et de

l’Apprentissage

TECFA

We would like to thank all the participants with WS and their families, and the association “Autour des Wiliams” France