PLEASE DO THIS!!

• Take off your left shoe and place it on my desk in the front

Chapter 18: Classification

• Classification – is the method of logically grouping

organisms based on some common characteristics

• Taxonomy – does the actually grouping into the

groups called TAXON (s – TAXA) with some kind of biological significance.

– EX: Things that fly, swim, walk, have feathers, etc.

How many different terms can you think of for trying to tell someone something is really good?

WRITE ‘EM DOWN!

PROCESS BOX

• Take a look at the master list on the board. Why might this cause problems for someone who is not from this region? Who is not a native English speaker? Give an example.

WRITE AT LEAST 3 LINES

• There is a need for a common term to describe an individual organism so that all people understand when the term is used.

• Carolus Linnaeus came up with the system of Binomial Nomenclature.

Carolus Linnaeus

• He assigned two Latin names to each different species of organisms.

• This is their Scientific name. • Homo sapiens (human) Homo sapiens Ursus maritimus (polar bear) Ursus

maritimus Alba rubrum (red oak) Ursus arctos (grizzly bear)

ORGANISMFelis

domesticus

Canis familiaris

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Danaus plexippus

English Cat Dog Eagle Butterfly

Spanish Gato Perro Águila Mariposa

French Chat Chienne L'aigle Papillion

German Katze Hund Adler Schmetterling

Picture

How to write the name

• Genus name first– Always CAPITALIZED

• Species name second– Never capitalized

• Can either be…– Italicized– Underlined

Latin Names

• Scientific names will always be in Latin.

• Latin is a dead language that will not evolve unlike other languages.

• Little chance of change through time.

• Universally understood in the science community

The Taxonomic order:• From the biggest group to the

smallest group or taxa

Taxa Human Cat DogKingdom Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPhylum Chordata ChordataChordataClass Mammalia Mammalia MammaliaOrder Primate CarnivoraCarnivoraFamily Hominoidae Felidae CanidaeGenus Homo Felis Canisspecies sapiens catus

lupus

Which two organisms are more closely related and why?

PROCESS BOX

• Look at the list of organism names on the board. Describe why Latin is

better for scientific names.

WRITE AT LEAST 2 LINES!

DICHOTOMOUS KEY1A: If orange, go to………………………………………..21B: If not orange, go to …………………………………..4

2A: Has wings, it is ……………………………………….. Charizard2B: Does not have wings, go to ………………………….3

3A: Teeth showing, it is …………………………………... Charmander3B: Teeth not showing, it is ……………………………… Charmeleon

4A: Shell present, go to …………………………………… 54B: Shell absent, go to ……………………………………. 7

5A: Ears present, go to …………………………………… 65B: No ears, it is ……………………………………….… Squirtle

6A: Guns on back, it is ……………………………………. Blastoise6B: No guns on back, it is ……………………………….. Wartortle

7A: Flower on back, go to ………………………………… 87B: No flower on back, it is ……………………………….. Bulbasaur

8A: Rounded eye shape, it is …………………………… Venusaur8B: Triangular eye shape, it is …………………………. Ivysaur

Venusaur

Squirtle

Charizard

Charmander

Charmeleon

Blastoise

Wartortle

Bulbasaur

Ivysaur

The Taxonomic order:

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES

• Modern methods of classification rely on evolutionary relationships in place of homologous structures.

Kingdoms and Domains• 1700’s – Plants and Animals only

– Is this right?• 1800’s – Protists, Plants and Animals

– Is this right?• 1950’s – 5 Kingdom system,

including Fungus and Monera– Are we close now?

• Now – 6 Kingdoms divided into 3 Domains– This has to be it, yes?

Domain Bacteria1. Characteristics of the Domain

– Unicellular, multicellular, or both?– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Cell walls?

• IF so, material? _______________________

– Kingdom: Eubacteria • true bacteria• The “normal” bacteria you think of

Domain Archaea1. Characteristics of the Domain

– Unicellular, multicellular, or both?– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Cell walls?

• IF so, material? _______________________

– Kingdom: Archaebacteria• Ancient bacteria• Live in areas with no oxygen, super hot temperatures,

and high amounts of salt/acid

Domain Eukarya1. Characteristics of the Domain

– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Broken into 4 kingdoms

• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Domain Eukarya1. Kingdom Protista

– Unicellular, multicellular, or both?– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Autotroph, heterotroph, or both?

• IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive?– Cell walls?

• IF so, material? _______________________

– Examples: amoeba, paramecium, volvox

Domain Eukarya1. Kingdom Fungi

– Unicellular, multicellular, or both?– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Autotroph, heterotroph, or both?

• IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive?– Cell walls?

• IF so, material? _______________________

– Examples: mushrooms, yeast, mold

Domain Eukarya1. Kingdom Plantae

– Unicellular, multicellular, or both?– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Autotroph, heterotroph, or both?

• IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive?– Cell walls?

• IF so, material? _______________________

– Examples: mosses, conifers, flowers

Domain Eukarya1. Kingdom Animalia

– Unicellular, multicellular, or both?– Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?– Autotroph, heterotroph, or both?

• IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive?– Cell walls?

• IF so, material? _______________________

– Examples: sponges, insects, cats, humans

Review Questions

1. Two prokaryotic kingdoms?2. Kingdom that lacks cell walls?3. Domain that includes us?4. Kingdom that includes us?5. Protista examples?6. Fungi Cell Wall material?7. Only kingdom in domain Bacteria?

Review Questions

1. Only domain for kingdom Archaebacteria?

2. Kingdom(s) that can be unicellular or multicellular

3. Eukaryotic kingdoms4. Eukaryotic domain5. Multicellular autotrophs6. Kingdom: Includes amoeba7. Domain: Includes E. coli

Review Questions

1. “Reject” kindgom2. Two kingdoms that are heterotrophic3. Domain: Includes sponges, insects,

fish4. Kingdom that includes methanogens

and halophiles5. Prokaryotic kingdom that has cell

walls NOT made of peptidoglycan