Plural nouns

Juluhgran Class

Plural Rule 1

Most nouns add ‘s’ to make the plural

one apple two applesdesk →desks month →monthsbook → books train →trainspen → pens name →namesshop →shops friend →friendschair chairs teacher →teachers

p

encil →

r

oad →

f

lower →

g

irl →

p

lant →

Try these… w

indow →

d

oor →

c

ake →

b

anana →

s

hoe →

Plural Rule 2

Add ‘es’ to words ending in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘x ’ or ‘z ’ to make the plural one box many boxeswish →wishes beach →beachescross → crosseswaltz →waltzesbus → buses church →churchesdish →dishes loss → lossesfox →foxes bunch → bunches

w

atch →

p

itch →

w

ax →

c

lass →

g

as →

Try these… g

lass →

d

ress →

bush →

h

utch →

q

uiz →

Plural Rule 3

When the letter before a ‘y ’ is a consonant, change the ‘y ’ to an ‘i’ before adding an ‘es’

one baby two babies

city →cities berry →berriespony → ponies family →familiesreply → replies lady →ladies

d

aisy →

f

erry →

a

rmy →

p

arty →

f

ly →

Try these… d

iary →

c

herry →

b

elly →

j

elly →

f

illy →

Plural Rule 4

When words end in ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘iy’, ’oy’, and ‘uy’

add an ‘s’ to make the plural.

one donkey two donkeys

day →days boy → boys

key →keysdelay →delays

q

uay →

v

alley →

t

ray →

p

ulley →

t

oy →

Try these

m

onkey →

t

rolley →

b

uoy →

r

elay →

h

oliday →

Plural Rule 5

When words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change

the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to a ‘v ’ before adding ‘es’.one knife two knives

leaf →leaves life → lives

half →halves hoof → hooves

wife →wives thief →thieves

Try these

wolf →

elf →

loaf →

self →

calf →

shelf →

Exceptions: cliffs, chiefs, roofs, dwarfs and handkerchiefs.

Plural Rule 6

When a word ends in an ‘o ’ and comes

after a consonant, add ‘es’ to make the

plural.

one tomato two tomatoes

cargo →cargoes mango →mangoes

echo →echoes hero →heroes

Try these

potato →

avocado →

mosquito →

domino →

buffalo →

dingo →

Exceptions: pianos, banjos, solos, radios and Eskimos.

Irregular plurals

Sometimes a word may completely

change its form when a plural is made.

one child two children

person →people goose →geese

man →men woman →women

cactus →cacti fungus →fungi

t

ooth →

d

ice →

f

oot →

Try these

m

ouse →

n

ucleus →

c

riterion →

Sometimes a word may stay the same in

both its singular and plural form.

one fish many fish

tuna → tuna trout → trout

deer → deer sheep → sheep

moose → moose series →series

a

ircraft →

s

pecies →

o

ffspring →

Try these

s

almon →

b

ream →

p

erch →