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SR-530 Stanwood Vicinity
Plusride and Bonifibers Pavement Evaluation
WA-RD 147.1 September 1987
- ., - . '.'0 - ~'''-'''_ .: . " • . '---=r- Wa.hlngton State Department of Transportation ." Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division
in cooperation 'With the United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Duane BerantllOtl, Secretazy A.D . .Arn;jrau, Deputy Secretary J_ P. Toon..,.. Assistant Secretary for Plami'lg. RMearch tnd Public Tran'PQllalion
W .. hlnalpn lIal. Iran'DOd,tlon Commlliion a .... reb CommIU •• W. liam O. Kamps, Chall Semie. Stem, CorIYnissioner Leo B. Sweeney. Commissioner
WSDOT R .... reb (I'cutln C""mlll" A.D. Andreas. Chair, Deputy Se<:relary tor Transponation E.W. Fw\1USOI'I, District 4 Adminisll.1Of H. W. Parklf, Assistant SecreLaI'f lor Ma!W'it Transponllion Ro~rt C. Sch.tstlf. Assislat'l/ Secretary lot Higlways J.nM P. Toott.y. A";slant Seaeuuy lor PlinWIg R'seardl '" Public TrWl&pOrlalion
.. r Eng inHr
Materials and prpdyc! Fyakia!jon 0.. VanOth..,.. Chair. Slale ConslnJdion EtlIP'tM' Keith W. Andefson. Federal Progr;m M'r1308f JIfT! Bun, District S Construction Enginut NeWlon JaekSoOn. PavemenVSoiIs Eng ..... r Sr""l Kramer. AUlslant Professor, Civil Enginet,ing. U 01 W Bob Kn .... Bridge Operations Engineer Bob Spran. Diwoct 2 Maintenance Engine.r John Strada, Matarials Engineer
p!annjoq and Myttirmdal Don Tranum, Ch"t, District 6 AltnrtistralOr Ron And,rlOn, Manlger. District 6 Manag'ma'1t SeMcn Kin Casavant. Professor. Washington Slate Univ ... sity Kng o..sIYr\an. Oll"flctor. Pierce CoonIY Tra-lsil o..telopment Kns Gupta . MWllger. TrWlsportalion Data Oftc. Charln Howard. TransportalJOtl Plamng Ollie. Jefry l lltlli. Manager. MuI~ ModaiSrand! Jrn Slakey. Ma"lag .... Public T,ansportati::w'l Ray Oeardorf. Service pjamng Manager. Ferry Sy11em
WSPOI S .... tch Ottlee JctIo Doyl" OlrllClOr Wi!,am P. C"n, Associate Director Ke,r" W, AndIrson. Federal Program MWlager ~ie l ever5al. Oatabu. Coordinator Call TOI'Iey. Resnrd! Aci'runistrator
Priy,at. Sectgf ' . MiIto'I 'Suet" Ellbe,.. Prasident. Sltagd Vaney Truckll'lO RidllIfd Ford. MWlaghg Partn .... Prnton. Tholgrmson. Eli ... HomWl Tan GI.tz, Project Manager. OaWd Mowat & CotIlIa-Iy, Bel...-ue lawrenc. HotJc, Vic:, President Lockheed Shipbuik:lng Charles H. Knigtll. Presid&nt. CalCrate Tecnnobgy H. Cart M.Jnson. VP lor Strategic: Planning, Boeing Co .• StatUe MieNeI Murphy. President. C8OI~ Pr.Mi .. Concret, Rict\ard Norrrwl. Pr.sident. Anocl8ted 5.1nd & Gravel, Everett ..IcrIn Ostrowski. Public: WMS Director. Va-IlXlU\I,r. WA Richard S. Page, President, Washi'lgton Roo..ndtable Sudarshan Saltl" Oil .. Tactnical Soovices. Polycalb Inc .• Cleveland. OH Gerald E, Weed. Public Works o. r.ctor, Snohomish Coo.wIIY
Uoivt!(stties Gen. L WoodrvtI. Vic. Provost for Research. VN Rob'rt V. Smith. Associate Provost for Research, WSU . . N'iI Hawkins. AsSOC:iate Dear. lor R.search. CoIege 01 Engonaemg, UW Reid Mil .... OtWl. Coleg. 01 ~.,aem~wsu CoIF! BID'MI, ProIessor and Ch8ll. Civil .,eering. UW Sumdar K. Bhagat. Professor and Chair, " 1 Engll'lflllmg. WSU
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Marine Tra/lSpcrt.t ion lor Highways
, RH .. and Pub. Trans.
Rapre5.el'llative Gecuge Walk, O\air. lagislali .... TrlrlspO!1ation Colrmillee
Federal High ... AdmJnl,l,.Uon
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Otis C. Hne"OI'I. Region Ot!i<:. R.soarctl and T2 Engin"r M. Eido'l Green, Regiorl to AcmnlStrator J Ernest J, Valac:h. Director, Regional Plaming lIfId Program D8Yelopmenl
Paul C, GrooSOr'!. DIVision Adminislrator Barry BrlCto, DIVIsion OU ic, PIOQrammong and T2 Etlgineer Charl., W. Chappe •. DivISIOn Trall$pcrtation Plam8f Mik. 0u1NO. Assistlilt T/a->'portation Plannar
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WASHINGTON STAn: O!!:PART"!!:NT OF TRANSPORTATION
TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE ~.~, ~
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WA-RO 147 . 1
Plusride and BoniFibers Pavement Evaluation: 1987 SR-530, Stanwood Vic.
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~l. Was hi ngton State Department of Transporta t f on Transportation Building, KF-Ol GC6560 Task 9 Olympia , WA 9B504
Post-Construction "d Washington State Departmen t of Transportation Annual Report Transportation Building, KF-Ol Olympia , WA 98504 "
This study was conducted i n cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportati on. Federal Highway Administration.
" Asphal t mixes modified wi th the addition of reclaimed rubber granu l es
(PlusRide) and polyes ter fibers (BoniFibers) were used in a O. ll-ft . overlay of a badly distressed section of AC pavement . The dist re ss consisted of transverse and longitudinal cracking which was reflecting through from the underlying old PCC pavement and severe alligator cracking Which wa s an age related fatigue problem. A section of standard Class B dense graded ACP was also put down to serve as a control sec ti on for judging performance.
The three sect ions are to be monitored over a per i od of three years to determine the effectiveness of the asphalt additive products in preven-ting the refl ection of the distresses noted in the underlying pavement from showing through i n the ove rlay. The f i rst year inspect i on rev ea l ed that the Plus Ride section was showing some longitudinal cra cking over the old PCC lane edge_ The BoniFibers section was also showing the same longitudinal distress over the lane edge of the underlying PCC plus a small amount of transverse cracki ng.
WOioT----- - ------ 0-- --- -- - _. -ti oo;t ..... utlON STu'-iiliif - -- -.----
asphalt pavement admixtures , rubbe r, polyester . reflective crack preven ti on, PlusRide , Boni Fibers
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Un cla ssified Unclassifi ed
PLUSRIDE AND BONIFIBERS PAVEMENT EVALUATION
SR- 530, Stanwood Vic.
by James L. Anderson
Transportation Technician
Post construction and Annual Report FHWA Experimental Project No . 3, Asphalt Additives
Prepared f or Washington State Department of Transportation
and in cooperation with U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
September 1987
DISCLAIMER
The c ontents o f this r e port reflects t he views o f t he author who is responsible for t he f acts and accuracy of the data pres ented herein. The c ontents do no t necessarily reflect the o f ficial v i ews or the policies of the State o r Federal Highway A.d ministratio n . Th i s report d oes not consti t ute a standard , specific ation, or regulation . The Washington St ate Department o f Transportatio n does no t endor se products, equipment, processes or manufacturers . Trade marks or manufacturer 's name s appear herein only because they are considered essential .
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ••..•.••••...•..•.••. •• •• • .•. •• •••••••••• •.. ..••.• 1
STUDY SITE • •. • •..•••••••••••••••••..•••..• • .•...•• • ••••••• •••• 1
VICINITY MAP ..• ..•....... .. .•. .••.• .• • . .••.•••••••••••••••.••• 2
CONSTRUCTION SUMMARy •• •• ••.. •••.•••.••••..•.......•. • •.•• .•.• • 3
ROADWAY SECTI ONS .. •••.• . ••••••••••••••.••••••••• ••. ••• ... . .... 4
ECONOMI CS •• . • . •• ••• •• • ••• ••.•••. . ...• • . .. ...•.•..•• ••• ••• ....• 5
TEST RESULTS .•••• .• ••...•• • ••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• •••••••.••. . 5
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS . ••• •... • .. . .• •••••• ...•..•..•••... • .•. •• 6
PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS ..... .. .. • .• •• •••.•••• •• •• •• ••• •••• ...• 6 Friction Resist.ance ..... ••••.. ....••...•• • •••••... .. 6 Cracking ........ . .. .. .. . ....•••••.••. .. • . • •.•. • ... .. 7 Raveling .. ....•.... ... ..... . ... ... .. ....••... . ..... . 8 Rutting .. .. ... .. ....•............... ....• •.• . . ...... 8 Deflect i on Measurement.s .. .. .. .. .. .......• .• ......... 8
APPENDIX A: Contract Special Provisions ... ...••.•• .•.. •...... 9
APPENDIX B: Qualit.y Control Test Result.s .. .. .••• ••• .. . ... .. . l8
APPENDIX C: Resilient. Modulus Graphs ...... .. •...••• ........ . 28
APPENDIX D: Photographs . .... .. . . ... .. . ... . ......• • .. ..• . ... . 33
11
IHTRODUC'l'ION
There are many asphalt additive products available that have been developed to increase the performance of an asphalt pavement . An asphalt mix modified with the addition of reclaimed rubber granules (PlusRide) and one modified with polyester fibers (BoniFibers) are two such additive products.
The PlusRide asphalt is claimed to have the following list of benefits:
1. Elasticity
A. Good flexibility in cold weather and high resilience to hot weather which results in fatigue resistance and decreased formation of ice layers.
B. Decreased reflective cracking .
II. Surface Texture
A. Wear resistant, antiskid surface. B. Limits hydroplaning and decreases spray from
other cars. C. Reflects less light than conventional
pavements.
III. Superior Serviceability
The BoniFibers asphalt is claimed to have the f ollowing list o f benefits.
A. Increases resistance to reflection cracking. B. Reduces the chance of pothole f o rmation. C. Helps reduce the chance o f thermal cracking. D. Retards the f ormatio n o f ruts. E . Uses standard Class B mix where PlusRide
requires a special aggregate grading.
This report will summarize the construction information and test results from the first year of exposure to weather and traffic.
STUDY SITE
The project is located in the no rthwestern portion o f washington on SR-530 as shown o n the accompanying vicinity map . The beginning point is at the Skagit-Snohomish county
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SR 530 """ IT 'I' " 'IF ' 0 "" " "" 00,"
WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT Of TRANSPORTATION
OlY MP' IA. WASHINGTON
MAP OF STATE HIGHWAYS SKAGIT & SNOHOMISH COUNTIES
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line, which is M. P. 3.37 and runs South into Snohomish county to M. P. 5 .10 . This is a secondary highway in a rural area which gets significant extra-wide farm vehicle use.
Rubber Modified Asphalt (PlusRide) and Polyester Modified Asphalt (BoniFibers) were used as a 0.12 - ft overlay on SR- 530 between Skagit County line and Dahlgren Road in Snohomish county. A conventional overlay of class B ACP was also paved within the same limits. The PlusRide asphalt began at the Skagit County line extending 0 .43 miles south with the BoniFibers asphalt beginning at that point and extending another 0 .4 3 miles south. The class B ACP was then placed on the remaining 0 .69 miles of the project.
CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY
The paving of the PlusRide asphalt, BoniFibers asphalt, and Class B asphalt was done by Associated Sand , Gravel Company of Everett, washington . All Seasons surfacing Corporation of Bellevue, Washington the licensed representative for Plus Ride asphalt, provided the technical expertise for the plusRide portion of the paving. Kapejo Inc., the marketers of BoniFibers, had no technical representative present.
Following is a summary of the construction details for each pavement type. The special contract provisions f or the construction of the PlusRide and BoniFibers pavements is located in Appendix A.
Class B: The Class B mix was taken from the plant to the jobsite by typical dump trucks with attached trailers. The temperature of the mix wa s held between 320 OF - 325 OF. A Slaw-Knox paver placed the material on the roadway. Compaction was accomplished with a 10-ton Ingersol-Rand doubledrum vibratory roller for breakdown, followed by a Hyster 8-ton single drum with rubber tire vibratory roller for finish rolling . The paving of the Class B portion of the project which included both pre level and wearing courses was placed in three days, June 21 , 25, , 26, 1985. The weather on all three days was clear with an average high of 75 OF and a low of 59 OF.
No construction problems were experienced with the Class B portion of the paving.
BoniFibers: The BoniFibers were added by hand into the pugmill where it was mixed for 30 seconds. The AR-4000W asphalt was then added and mixed with the aggregate and 80niFibers, the temperature of the mix was held at 325 -F . The BoniFiber mix was transported to the jobsite in Contrail trucks. A Blaw-Knox paver placed the material on the roadway, which was then compacted with a Ingersol Rand DA-50
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ROADWAY SECTIONS
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ROAOWAY SECTION A ' (1"''-1 T1) , . ..
ROADWAY SECTION B ,." ... 00 ....
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double-drum vibrato ry roller for breakdown, followed by a Hyster C6 25 single-drum vibratory roller for finish rolling. The BoniFi bers asphalt was placed in one day, June 28, 1985. The weather was clear with a high temperature o f 78 of and a l ow of 60 of.
The problems associated with this portion of the paving were in the mixing procedures at the plant. Bec ause the Bo niFibers were added to the pugmill by hand in 10-lb polyethylene bags, a signal system was set up t o notify the wo rkman when · the bags were to be added. In one instance a signal was missed and one bag was added late, just as the batch was dropped to the fligh t elevator. This did not allow the fibers to mix in the batch so there were balls of unmixed fibers which had to be hand picked out of the mix. Also there was a delay of approximately two weeks in getting the polyester fiber because of there being only o ne supplier who is located in Wilmington, Delaware.
PlusRide: The granulated rubber was added at the pugmill by hand. This was mixed f or 15 seconds with the aggregate before adding the AR-4 000W. The temperature o f the mix was held at 325 of. A Blaw-Knox paver placed the material o n the roadway where it was compacted with an Ingersol Rand doubledrum vibrato ry roller for break down, f ollowed by a Hyster 1 0-12 t o n static double - drum roller and a Hyster 8-10 ton static double-drum r oller for finish r olling. The PlusRide asphalt was placed in o ne day, July 12, 198 5 . The weather was clear wi th a high temperature o f 78 OF and a low o f 61 OF.
The problems associated with this portion o f the paving were in the testing procedure's at the plant. These proced ures had to be modified because o f the rubber. For example, to determine the gradation, all the rubbe r must be remo ved from the mix . The rubber granules will float o n the stripping solvent and need to be skinvned o ff befo re drying and gradatio n testing of the aggregate whi c h is quite time consuming.
The bid $55 / t o n , f o r and for the
ECONOMICS
price for the 645 tons of PlusRide asphalt was the 645 t ons of BoniFibers asphalt was $4 5/ ton, 3,165 tons of Class B asphalt was $27 / ton.
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TEST RESULTS
A summary of the laboratory test results from all three pavement sections is given in Table 1. A complete listing of all test results is included as Appendix B.
Table 1 . Laboratory test results.
TEST PLUSRIDE CLASS B BONIFIBERS
Density 138 . 2 145.0 143.8
Percent Voids 5.1 '.2 6 . 5
Stability 6 .2 3'
Cohesion 60 195 285
140 OF Viscosity 1263 4370 44 29
275 OF Viscosity 372 "8 ". Penetration 128 38 36
Percent Asphalt 7.8 5.' 6.0
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The Hveem stability and cohesion values for the PlusRide are low in comparison with either the Class B or 80niFibers mixes. The cohesion value of the 80niFibers mix is substantially higher than the c ontrol section of Class 8 due to the presence of the fibers. The viscosities of the asphalt in the BoniFibers and Class B mixes are virtually identical whereas the PlusRide viscosities are much lower, especially at the 140 degree F temperature . This is possibly due to less oxidation of the asphalt cement in the pug mill because of the higher percentage o f asphalt and resultant thicker asphalt films on the aggregate particles . The resilient modulus values of the PlusRide and 80niFibers cores were lower than the Class 8 (see Graph I and 3, Appendix 8) . The retained strengths after Lo ttman conditioning as measured by the resilient modulus test were in approximately the same range f or both the Class 8 and the 8 0niFibers cores, but were greater for the Plus Ride cores (see Graph 2 and 4, Appendix 8) .
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS
Friction Resistance
The following are the friction testing results for the PlusRide, BoniFibers, and Class B asphalt overlays . The friction testing was done the first time on October 10, 1985 approximately -three months after construction, and the second time on August 5, 1986 .
The following numbers given are the highs, the lows, and the averages for each section on each date tested.
October la, 1985
PlusRide BoniFibers Class B
HIGH 42.7 60 . 6 56.4
LOW 40 . 7 50 . 2 44 . 5
AVG. 42.4 56 . 2 51. 9
August 5 , 1986
plus Ride BoniFibers Class B
HIGH 48 . 3 57.2 54 .3
LOW 42.1 47.7 46. 6
AVG. 44.4 51.1 49.8
Cracking
A survey of the three test sections was done on May 31, 1985, prior to construction, and again on November 20, 1986 . The surveys included the mapping and measuring of the total lineal feet o f c racking. Following is a summary of each section.
PlusRide: The 1985 pre- construction survey showed a large amount of transverse cracking and places o f severe alligator cracking in this section , which was reflected from the underlying old PCCP. No longitudinal cracking was present. The 1986 survey f ollowing construction revealed that none o f the transverse and alligator cracking had reflected through the PlusRide. A small amount of longitudinal cracking (37
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feet total) was prescnt above the edge o f the old pavement. This cracking was due to improper shoulder preparation prio r to the PlusRide overlay.
BoniFibcrs : In the 1985 survey this sec tio n also showed a larg e amount o f transverse cracking and some longitudinal cracking (50 feet) wh ich was reflected from the old PCCP. In 1986 there was a large amount of longitudinal cracking ( 544 feet) alo ng the outside edge of the o ld pavement due to the iOT,propcl' shoulder preparation (see photo , pg. 44) . Also , 12 feet o f the transverse cracking had reflected thro ugh the BoniFibers asphalt (see same photo).
Class 8: The 198 5 survey i n this section also showed a large amount o f transverse and some longitudinal cracking which W~ ~ reflected from the o riginal peep. The 1986 survey showed 540 feet of longitudinal cracking along the old pavement edge and 64 feet of transverse cracking, of which 43 feet appeared t o be caused by thermal expansion. The remaining 21 feet o f the t ransverse crack ing occurred over a replaced culvert which may have settled due t o improper compaction and resulted i n the cracking o f the pavement.
Raveling
There is only one place in the PlusRide section that r aveling has occurred , Sta. 411+1 9 (see photo , pg.44). This is possibly due to fact that t.he asphalt during the laydown is sticky and may have been loosened by the r oller during compaction . No o ther raveling has occurred in any of the other sections .
Rutting
No measurable rutting occurred in any of the sections as of this report .
Deflection Measurements
No post - construction deflection measurements have been taken as o f this report.
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APPENDIX A
Contract Special Provisions
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Thl'- stabiloloeter test value shown in section 9-0).8(2) of the standard specifications is revised t o be a minimum o f )0 when the asphalt concrete conta i ns 50 percent or more recycl ed materials.
ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT (August 16 , 1982 ) This wo rk shall consist of plant - mixed asphalt concrete placed cn the prepared surface in accordance with these special pr ov i sions and the applicab le requirements of sec ti on 5-0~ of the standard specifications.
The Cor.tracto r shall have the option of utilizing asphalt conc r ete removed under t.his contr act , if any, or old asphalt concrete from an existing stockpile , o r supplying all new material s in the production of the asphal t concret.e pavement or any approved combination of the fo r egoing. If I:emoved fr om an exlst.ing st.ockpile , t.he old asphalt concr ete to be used must be a r.if ;> rm In gradation, asphalt content , and asphalt ViSC05ity. If not fr om an identified and approved source , the aggregates must meet degradation and ,larOll'>55 req u irements. Should the Contractor elect to use 10% or less of ... e..:y c ~ed mated a ls , the recyc led materia ls need not be uniform as long as t he asphalt conc rete meets the specifications fo r the c lass specified.
If aspha l t concrete planings or old asphalt concrete are utilized in the product ion o f a sphalt. conc rete , they shall be sized prior to entering the mixer so that a uniform and thoroughly mixed asphalt concrete is produced in tile mixer. If there is evidence of the old asphalt not breaking do\olJ\ during the heating and mixing of the asphalt concrete , the Engineer may elect to modif y the maximum size entering the mixe r. No contamination by deleterious male rial s v iII be allowed in the old asphalt conc r ete used.
Tne new paving asphalt (AR-~OOOW) shall meet the specifi ca tion requirements listed in section 9-02.1(~) of the standard specifications.
The gradation f or the new mineral aggregate used in the pr oduction of the asphalt conc rete shall be the responsibility of the Contractor, and when combined with recycled material, if any, the combined material shall meet the gradat. i on specification requi r ements f o r the specified Class ACP as liSl" d in section 9-0).8(6) o f the standard specifications or as sho\olJ\ in t.hese special provisions. The new mineral aggregate shall meet the genera l requirements listed in section 9-03.8(1) of the standard specifications and sh:.::'l I~e et. the appropriate Fracture and Sand equivalent requirements as list.ed in section 9-03.8(2) o f the standa r d speci f ica t ions.
The recycling agent selected by the Contractor shall meet the specification requirements listed elselJhere in these special provisions f or the grade he se lect. s.
SR 530 SKAGIT COUNTI LINE TO D~.HLGREN ROAD 85W025
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When old asphalt concrete is proposed for inclusion in the mix (either from IDClterials obtained from this project or an existing stockpile), the Cont ractor shall submit his deslgn for approval , including representative samples taken in the presence of the Engineer, and the approximate proportions of the various materials (old asphalt concrete, new aggregate, recycling agent, new paving asphalt) to be used. Upon tentative approval of approximate proportions proposed by the Contractor , the materials will be proportioned together f or a job mix design. Approval of the mix design shall be based upon meeting the specification requirements of section 9-03.g(2) of the standard specifications for the specified Class ACP or as shown in these special provisions. In addition, f or mix de.sign approval , the blend of recovered paving asphalt plus recycling agent and additional paving asphalt shall meet the requirements for AR-4000W in accordance with section 9-02 . 1(4) of the standard specifications. The Contractor shall allow 15 wor king days for this appr oval and design once the material has been received at the Haterials Laboratory. Additional time may be required if the proportions wil l not make an adequate design , as determined by the Engineer, or if the Contractor requests more than one rejuvenator or pav ing asphalt source approval. The Contractor is als o advised that production of the asphalt concrete shall not commence until the job mix design has been established.
Asphalt conc rete pavement Class *** B *** will be measured by the ton with no deduction being made for the weight of the paving asphalt or any other component of the mixture.
For the purpose of asphalt cement adjustment computations and paving asphalt revision quantities , if any , the new paving a sphalt and recycling agent, if any, will be measured by the ton with the quantity determined from production data. The State reserves the right to make random checks of the gross and tare weights o f the transport equipment at the time of delivery , as well as measuring the paving asphalt volume in the storage t.ank prior t o and after the deposit from the transport vehicle.
The unit contract price(s) per ton for *** "Asphalt Conc . For Preleveling Cl. B Incl. Paving Asphalt" and "Asphalt Concrete Pavement Class B Incl. Paving Asphalt" *u shall be full compensation for furnishing all labor, equipment , tools and materials , including the cost involved with the furnishing of recycling agent , if any , and the furnishing of pav ing asphalt. necessary to produce and place the asphalt conc rete pavement as specified.
RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEHENT
This work shall consist of placing Plusride Asphalt on those portions o f the roadway shown in the plans.
SR 530 SKAGIT COUNTY LINE TO DAHLGREN ROAD 85W025
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Plusride As phal t is a patented process licensed by:
All Seasons Surfacing Corporat ion 1017 NE 4th Street , Suite No.1 Bellevue , WA 98004 (206) 454-)8)0
The Contractor shall arrange to have a technical represent.at.ive o f All Seasons SurfaCi ng Co rporati on on the pro j ect while Plus ride is being mixed o r placed.
The rubber modified asphalt concrete shall consist of granulated rubbe r added to the aggregate phase of an asphalt conc r ete mixture.
The standard specifications for asphalt concrete shall be appli cable except for thp follO wing:
Ma te r ials The materials us ed i n this rubber modified asphalt conc rete shall have the following properties:
SR 5)0
Asphalt The asphalt shall be AR-4000W con f orming to sec tion 9-02. 1(4) of the st.andard specifications. The percent of a s phalt. required i n this mi xtu re shal l be between 7.5 and 9.5 percent..
Granula ted Rubber The granulated rubber and cord fibers shall be ground from rubber tires and shall meet t he f ollowing gradat.i on:
Sieve ~ No. 4 No . 10 No. 20
Aggregate
Percent Passing by Weight 100
76-100 28-42 16-24
The aggregate shall meet the general requirements o f section 9-0).8 (1 ) of the standard specifications and in additi on shall meet t he f ol l owing spe:ifications:
SKAGIT COUNTi LINE TO D.t\HLGREN ROAD 12 85W025
Sieve Percent Pass!ng 'S7'8 100 3/8 60 -80 1/' 30-44 No. 10 20-32 No. 30 13-25 No. 200 8- 12
Fracture 75% minimum Sand Equivalent 45 minimum
Mi neral material
f iller is usually requi rements.
b, Weight
required to meet the minimum 200
Blend ing and Mi x i ng A representat ive sample of the total paving mixture , wh ich meets the mix requi rement s , shall be produced prior t o producing the mix for the project pavi ng.
The const ruction require.r.lents set f orth in section 5-04.3(1)8 of the standard specifi cations shall be supplemented by t he f ol l owing:
The amount of granulated rubber s ha ll be determined by a method whi ch unifor mly feeds the mixer within! 0. 15 percent.
The components combined in the
of the rubbe r modified a s phalt f ollowing order and proporti ons:
concr ete shall be
1. Add mineral aggregate 2. Add rubber granu l es at 3.0 percent by weight of the total mix
(60 lblton) 3. Hi , f o r 15 seconds ,. Add the design asphalt content 5. Mix normal time
The construct ion requi rements set forth in section 5-0-4.3(1 )0 of the standard spec ifi cati ons shall be supplemented by the f o llowing:
SR 530
Granulated rubber sto rage bins by unifo rmly feed the
introduced into the mixer shall be drawn a continuous mechani cal f eeder wh ich
mixer within! 0 . 15 percent.
from will
The plant shall be equi pped with a heat s hield or o ther means t o prevent the open f l ame fr om coming i n contact with the granulated rubber.
SKAGIT COUNTY LINE TO DAHLGREN ROAD 13 85W025
The first sentence of the third paragraph of section S-04.3(S} of the standard specifi ca tions is deleted and the follo wing substituted:
The temperature of the mix at discharge shall be between 325% F. and 360% F. for batch plants or between 300% F. and )25% F. f or drum mixer plants.
Mi x Desi gn The Contractor shal1 submit to the Engineer a rubber modified asphalt concrete mix design tha~ has been agreed to by the paten t holder.
Job Mix Tolerances All mi x furnished f or the project shall conform to the approved job-mix formula within the f ol lowing ranges of tolerances :
Sieve Si ze 3.8" or 1/4 "
Percent Passing + 6
No. 10 or No. 30 No . 200
Gap Gradin g Per cen t As phalt Percent Rubber Percent
+ , + 2
+ , + 0.4 ± 0. 15*
~Not determinable by extraction testing.
The plant shall be equipped to feed mineral filler into the mix wi thin an accuracy of 0 .5 percent.
Spread in g and Finishing Section 5-04.3(9) of the standard specifications is deleted and replaced with the following:
SR 530
The mixture shall be laid upon an approved surface , s pread and s truck off to the grade and elevation established. Special care must be taken to obtain a good j o int as it may be difficul t t o hand rake this material. Asphalt pavers complying with section 5-04.3(3) shall be used to distribute the mixture.
A CSS-I tack coat shall be applied and shall consis t o f 0.06 - 0.08 gallon/square yard of retained asphalt. The spraying temperature shall be from 70% to 140% F.
On areas where irregularities or unavoidable obstacles make the use o f mechani cal spreading equipment impractical, the paving may be done with other equipment or by hand.
SKAGlT COUNTi' LI NE TO DAHLG~EN ROAD " 85W025
Compaction Asphalt r ollers and standard requirements
compaction procedures shall conform and supplementod with the following:
with tho
Breakdown compaction should begin inrned iately behind the paving machine. However , some delay may be required to prevent roller pickup. The r oller drums must be kept well water ed and a wetting agent may be necessary to decrease the occurrence of roller pickup.
Breakdown compaction shall be accomplished using a 10-12 ton vibratory or static steel roller. The roller must apply a minimum force of 250 pounds per linear inch of drum width to the pavement surface.
An 8-10 ton tandem steel roller shall be used f or finish r olling. Finish roHing of the mat shall conti nue until the temperature of the mat has dropped below 140%F or until elastic movement under the roller is no longer observed.
The proper rolling procedure shall be established with a control strip t o determine equipment and number of coverages necessary t o obtain the target density. The target density , as a per centage of maximum theoretical density, shall be 95% to 98% (2% to 5% air vo ids).
Measurement Section 5-0".4 of the standard specifications is supplemented with the following:
Measurement of the rubber modified asphalt concr ete will be by the ton and will include the granulated rubber, the asphalt cement and any other component of the mix.
Payment Section 5- 0". 5 o f the standar d specifi cations is supplemented with the following:
The unit contract price per ton for "Rubber Modified Asphalt Concrete Pavement" shall be full compensation f or furnishing all labor, equipment , materials, supplies , and royalties (if any) r equired in the construction of this material as specified.
POLYESTER MODIFIED ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
This work shall consist of mixing , placing and compacting aspha l t concrete that has had polyester f i bers intr oduced at the time of mixing.
SR 530 SKAGIT COUNTY LINE TO DAHLGREN ROAD 85W025
15
The polyester fibers are produced by:
KAPEJO , INC . 115 Valley Road Wilmington , DE 19804
The polyester fibers shall be added at the plant prior to the beginning of the asphalt charge. The standard specifications f or aspha lt concrete shall be applicable along with the f ol l owing:
Polyester Fibers The polye~ter fibers shall be Soni Yibers "s" as f ollows:
Average Lcngth Avcrage Diameter Specific Gravity Helt Temperature Ignition Tempe r ature Tensile Strength Sreak Elongation
0.25 inch 0.0008 inch + 0.000 1 }']2 to 1.40-480% Y minimum 1000% F minimum 75 , 000 p.s.i. + 5,000 p.s.i. ]] percent + 9-percent
Aggregate The aggregate shall meet the requirements of section 9-0].8 of the standard specifications for asphalt concrete pavement Class B.
Blending and Mixing The construction requirements set f ort.h in section 5-04.](1)B of t.he standard specificat.ions shall be supplemented by the following:
The polyester fibers shall be added at the rate of five (5) pounds per ton o f mix. They shall be added in unopened bags directly in t o the mixer along with the dried aggregate at the beginning of the dry-mix cycle. The fibers shall be mixed with the aggregate for at least )0 seconds prior to t.he introduction of the asphalt. A minimum o f ]0 seconds mixing time shall foll ow t.he introduction of the asphalt.
The const ruction 5-04.](1)0 of the fo11ol.:ing:
requirement.s set f orth in sect.ion 5-04.3 (1)C standa rd specifications shall be supplemented by
.nd tho
SR 530
The polyester fibers shall be added at a rate whi ch will produce mix having five (5) pounds of fiber per t.on. The fibers shall be introduced using a metered vane-feeder before the addition of the asphalt, or if there is an opening for feeding recycled material, the fibers shall be added continuously in the specified proportions at that opening. Fibers shall not be added wit.h the aggregate before the aggregate is dried.
SKAGIT COUNTY LINE TO DAHLGREN ROAD 16 85W025
Measure/llent The requirements specifications are
set forth supplemented
in section 5-04." by the following:
of the standard
Measurement of the polyester modified asphalt concrete will be by the ton and will include the polyester fibers , asphalt cement. , blending sand and any ot.her component of the mix.
Payment The unit · contract. price per ton for "Polyester Modified Asphalt Concrete Pavement" shall be full compensation f or furnishing all lBbor, equipment, materials, supplies and royalties (if any) required for the construction of this material as specified.
PAV ING ASPHALT REVISION (January IB , 1982) Should the amount of new paving asphalt and recycling agent, if any, incorporat.ed into the mix vary by more than + 0.3 percent of the amount deter~ined from the mix design when shown elsewhere in these special provisions , an adjustment in payment shall be made. If there is no asphalt content. shown in the special pr ovisions , or if the Contractor furnishes aggregates for a job mix design that require a different asphalt content. t.han t.hat shown in t.he special provisions, a new asphalt content shall be established and used to calculate the adjustment varying from the job mix design by more than + 0.3 percent. The adjustment in payment (plus or minus) shall be based on the average refinery prices as defined elsewhere in t.hese special provisions. A new contract item, Paving Asphalt Revision , will be established for material varying from the appropriate mix design by more than ± 0.3 percent.
FEATHERING ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT (November 2 , 1981) Where directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall feather t.he asphalt. concrete pavement. overlay in a manner t.o produce a smooth riding connection to the existing pavement.
Asphalt concret.e pavement Class *** B and Rubber Hodified Asphalt Concrete. Pavement ***, utilized in t.he construction of the feathered connections to existing pavement, shall be modified by eliminating the coar se aggregate from the mix at the Contractor's plant or the conmercial source from which the Cont ractor obtains the mix or by rak ing the Joint on the roadway, to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
All costs and expenses in connection with providing , placing and feathering t.he aspha lt concrete pavement. shall be incidental to and included in the unit contract price per ton f or *** "Asphalt Concrete Pavement Class B Inc1. Paving Asphalt" and "Rubber Hodified Asphal t Concrete Pavement" "'**
SR 530 SKAGIT COUNTY LINE TO DAHLGREN ROAD 8SW025
I7
APPENDIX B
Quality Control Test Results
18
CLASS B
Field Lab Extraction Results
Sieve Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample 14 Contract Size (Ext . 1 (Ext . 1 (Ext. 1 IQ .w.J Spec ' s
5 / 8" 100 100 100 100 100
1 / 2" 98 97 96 97 90 - 100
3/8 " 8 ' 82 8' 8' 75 90
1 / 4" 69 65 66 68 55 75
110 " 3. 41 ' 0 32 48
140 19 18 ,. 18 11 " ,80 • 10 10 • 6 15
" 200 5 . 6 5 . 8 5 . ' 5 . 8 3 - 7
\; Asphalt 5 .' 5 . 5 5. , 5 . , ' . 0 - 7 . 5
Sa nd /Sil t 7 . 5 6.7 6.' 6 . 9 5 . 5 -1 0 . 5
19
CLASS B
H . Q. Lab Mi x Sample Tes t Re sults
( A.ve. of 81 (Range)
Densi ty 151. 7 151. 3 - 152 . 4
'i; voids 2 . 1 1. 7 - 3 . 0
Stability ' 2 37 '6
Cohesions 195 159 - 229
Gradation
5 / 8" 100 100
1 / 2" 96 9 ' 98
3/ 8" 83 82 8 '
1 / 4" 66 63 68
no 40 38 43
i40 20 18 - 23
i8 0 10 9 - 10
k200 5 . 8 5.2 6 .2
Sand / Silt 6 . 9 6 .3 7 . 5
% Asphalt 5 . 3 ' .9 5.8
140 OF Viscosity 2921 2606 3411
( Ave . of 3 I
275 OF Viscos ity 43 6 4 32 - 441
Penetration 50 ' 6 - 5 '
20
CLASS B
H. Q. Core Sample Test Results
( Ave . of 5, (Range)
Density 145. ° 14 4 .2 - 146.5
\ Voids 4.2 3.2 - 4 .7
Gradation
5/8 " 100 100
1/2 " 97 95 98
3/8" 85 80 88
1/ 4" 69 66 74
UO 42 39 45
i40 20 18 24
i80 10 9 11
.200 6 . 0 5 . 4 6.2
Sand / Silt 6.9 6.6 - 7.4
\ Asphalt 5.4 5 . 3 - 5.9
140°F Viscosity 4370 3867 4768
275°F Viscosity 498 454 589
Penetration 38 35 -41
Resilient Modulus
@ 41°F ( . OS sec . ) 1. 23 6 8.77 x 105 1. 54 10 6 MR x 106 x ( . 10 sec . ) 1. 26 x 10 1. 04 x 106 1. 52 x 10 6
@ 77°F ( . as sec . ) 3 . 07 5 2. 44 x 105 3.7 4 5 MR x 10 5 x 10 5 ( .10 sec. ) 2 . 06 x 10 1.57 x 105 2. J 9 x 10
(Lottman Conditione d)
MR @ 77°F (.05 sec.) 2 . 56 x 10 5 1. 98 x 10 5 3.16 5 x 105 (.10 sec.) 1 . 79 x 105 1. 30 x 105 2.43 x 10
21
PLUSRIDE
Job Mix Design
Sieve Size Percent Passing Tolerance
5/8" 100
3 / 8" 67 ± 6
1 / 4" 38 ± 6
110 26 ± 4
no 18 ± 4
11200 8 ± 2
• Asphalt 7.5 ± 0. 4
• Rubber 3 . 0 ± 0.15
Field Lab Extraction Results
Sample 111 Sample 112 Con t ract Sieve Size (extraction) (quickwash) Specificatio ns
5 / 8" 100 100 100
3/8" 76 75 60 - 80
1/4" 37 48 30 - 44
"0 21 27 20 32
* 30 14 16 13 25
~200 6 . 7 7 . 1 8.0 - 12.0
• Asphalt 7.2 7.5 - 9 . 5
22
PLUSRIDE
H. Q. Lab Mix Sample Test Results
(Ave . of 5) (Range)
Density 141. 7 139 . 7 - 144.8
, Voids 2 . 7 1.8 - 4 . 2
Stability 6 3 9
Cohesions 60 48 85
Gradation
5/8 " 100 100
3/8 " 75 72 -77
1/ 4" 41 34 46
flO 25 18 32
130 17 12 - 24
1200 6 . ' 4 . 4 - 10.5
Sand / Silt 3 . 7 3 . 1 - 4 . 4
" Asphalt 7.7 6.6 B.S
HOOF Viscosity 1098 10 22 1650
2750r Viscosity 367 2B6 462
Penetration 106 96 U9
23
PLUSRIDE
H.Q. Core Sample Test Results
(Ave. of 5 ) (Range )
Density 138 . 2 135 . 6 - 139.5
% voids 5 . 1 4. 2 - 6 . 9
Gradation (Ave . o f 10)
5/8" 100 100
3/8" 78 72 80
1/ 4" 39 37 51
*,0 25 20 30
*3 0 16 13 - 19
il200 6 . 3 '.6 7 . 8
Sand/Silt '. 0 2 . 8 5.2
" Asphalt 7 . 8 6 . 2 9.8
l400F Viscosity 1263 . 0 2 2090
275°F Viscosity 372 253 48.
Penetration 128+ 76 250+
Resilient Modulus
J-jR @ 41 OF ( . OS sec. ) 9.67 5 6 . 35 105 1. 22 106 x 105 x x ( .10 sec . ) 8 . 85 x 10 4 . 41 x 105 - 1. 23 x 106
MR @ 77°F 1. 05 sec . ) 1.17 x 105 3 .74 • 1.77 x 105 x 104 ( . 10 sec. ) 8.32 x 10' 2.38 x 10 1. 5 1 x 105
(Lottman conditioned )
l>lR @ 77°F (.05 sec.) 1.13 5 2 .86 10' 5 x 10 4 x 2 . 0 1 x 105 (.10 sec . ) 7.79 x 10 1.68 x 10' 1. 57 x 10
2.
BONIFIBERS
Field Lab Extraction Results
Sample II Sample 12 Contract Sieve Size (extraction) (quickwash ) specifications
5/8" 100 100 100
1/2" 96 98 90 - 100
3/8" 80 81 75 - 90
1/ 4" 62 65 55 75
#10 39 39 32 48
#40 18 19 11 24
#80 8 10 6 15
1200 4 . 4 6.0 3 7
% Asphalt 5.6 4 . 0 7.5
Sand/Silt 8.9 6.5 5.5 10.5
25
BONIFIBERS
H.Q . Lab Mix sample Test Results
( Ave . of 5) (Range)
Density 149.9 149.4 - 1 50 .4
%voids 2 . 5 2.0 3 . 2
Stability 39 JJ - 4 5
Cohesions 285 139 363
Gradation
5 / 8" 100 100
1 /2 " 96 94 98
3 / 8" 83 8 0 - 86
1 / 4" 6 5 62 68
.. 0 40 J7 44
i4 0 21 19 25
.8 0 10 9 10
*2 00 5 . 5 4.9 - 5.8
Sand /S ilt 7.3 6.4 8 . 0
% Asphalt 5 .4 5 .1 5 . 6
HOOF Viscosity 6029 3089 13 ,994
(Ave. o f 3)
27S 0P Viscosity 487 472 511
Penetration 36 21 55
26
BONIFIBERS
H. Q. Lab Core Sample Test Results
(Ave. of 5) (Range)
Density 143.8 138.5 147.7
\ Voids 6.5 3 . ' - 10 . 0
Gradation
5/8" 100 100
1/2" 97 94 -99
3/8" B3 BO - B7
1/ 4" 67 65 70
110 41 3B 45
140 21 1B 23
1i80 10 9 12
1200 5 . 5 , . 3 6.B
Sand/Silt 7.5 6.6 B.B
% Aspha lt 6.0 5.2 6.7
HOOF Viscosity 4429 3834 4800
275°F Viscosity 494 460 51B
Penetration 3 33 40
Resilient Modulus
MR @ 41°F ( . OS sec. ) 1 . 00 x 10 6 6.01 x 105 1. 52 x 10 6
I .10 sec. ) 1.01 x 106 5 . 25 x 10 5 1. 36 x 10 6
@ 77°F I . 05 sec. I 2.55 5 2 . 18 5 3 .4 2 5 MR x 105 x 10 - x 105 ( .10 sec. ) 1.68 x 10 1. 52 x 105 2.08 x 10
(Lottman Conditioned)
MR @ 77°F ( . 05 sec . ) 2.34 x 105 1 . 55 x 105 3 . 39 x 105 (.10 sec . ) 1. 45 x 105 9 . 88 x 10' 1. 95 x 10 5
27
}'pPENDIX C
Resilient Modulus Graphs
28
80 ,\ACf'
" '-, '-""- " ,
2"- . ---';! , , :;: ~ -~ ~
~~l
c.! .... S.5
"" ,
rESILIENT l1oCULl/s
P4./I$ RICE
!3
.:: . ..., ' I. :J 5 .c 6. ~
'.4 ~ ( .Ie: : I I .... .. \ '
29
x=. C.OS .$£{., .L.:JAO rfl'f£
0" 0.10 SEC. LDAD 71/1£
"", , x
?,;. /00 /I. C I'::' C
P£~ I' : '-Al -:-. . . _- / ''';::: _'"' :.J!. ....:.s ~, ' -
- <.I:' r.. /~£
GRf.Pf/ 2 ;
/ ;
" /
/ / I I ': . .5
I I
;. ~ I
'/ I l ~
,i ~ .. , v 00.
,"- < , 'I. t' / "- I
"- / " ~ /
~ 2.0
~ /.8 ,
~ ] " I. , >; '" o.O.:!" S E C . .i.~.c
~ <
~ '1-,0 0 1 C'.IO SLC . LOA~
I. ' fff , , -. 0-" J I . ;' ~
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I. :. ~
"8 ~ ~, L
I I 0 . • ~ 5 1. 0 1. 2- I. '/ I . • 1.5 ,0 .;1 .2 :i .'1 2. ' . . .0 ..:~
/1" f..F -:-!P.. COND I T IONING ('@ -- ~ -" r
30
70
50
, /.:.. ;:; . '" ;. 0
r -A= ~r lr.- .
6.0
31
6.0 ,
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~ '".
.' . .t ~
t
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" - ,
, ~ ,. ~ I~----------~,------------r------------r-----------,------------,
:.6 1.5 2,0 ;'.5 ~, O
32
J\PPENDIX D
PhotographS
33
condition of pavement before construction of overlays.
34
Addition of plusRide granulated rubber to the pug mi ll .
paving Plus Ri de asphalt mix .
35
I I I J
Rolling Plus Ride asphalt mix.
Finished PlusRide asphalt pavement.
36
close-up of PlusRide asphalt pavement.
37
Pug mill where BoniFibers were added to the mix _
BoniFibers asphalt mix being loaded into contrail trucks f or transport to the jobsite _
38
Breakdown rolling of BoniFibers asphalt mix with an Ingersol Rand DA-50 Vibratory Roller. Location is M.P. 4.15 .
Finish r olling of BoniFibers t ory Roller.
asphalt mix with Hyster C- 625 Vi braLocatio n is M. P . 4 . 20 .
39
1
Finished BoniFibers asphalt pavement .
clo3e-up of BoniFibers asphalt pavement.
40
Ravelling of PlusRide asphalt pavement . Location is approximately M. P. 3 . 44.
Typical cracking along old pavement edge in BoniFibers section
41
· " ' .. ' , " ,- , , '.
Transverse cracking in standard Class B section at M.P. 4.97.
Transverse cracking in standard Class 8 section at M.P. 4.99.
42
Transverse cracking in standard Class B section a t M.P. 4.72.
Typical longitudinal cracking along old pavement edge in standard Class B section.
43
]
J
