Upload
ivarslenss
View
167
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
Business Process
Implementation Challenges in
Large Enterprises
Presented By
Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
THE “SILO EFFECT”
• The “Silo Effect” is an impediment to
communication because it isolates
individual processes.
• The “Silo Effect” can produce multiple
interpretations of the same requirement.
• Process improvement can break down the
walls that are erected by the “Silo Effect”.
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
• An enterprise is a set of related elements that perform functions not performable by the elements alone.
• A system produces things (products or services) that are delivered to elements in the enterprise.
• A business process is a set of activities that respond to a business event and produces a business response.
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
PURCHASING A BOOK ONLINE
BUYER
SELLER
PLACE
ORDER
RECEIVE
BOOK
RECEIVE
RECEIPT
MAKE
PAYMENT
CONFIRM
ORDER
RECEIVE
PRICE
RECEIVE
ORDERSHIP BOOK
SEND
RECEIPT
RECEIVE
PAYMENT
CALCULATE
PRICE
CONFIRM
INVENTORY
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
Black-Box System Model (Functional Perspective)
• Addresses external behavior of the system.
• Models the using and controlling of the system.
• Models the interpretation of a requirement.
• The behavior of the system is brought about by
manipulating its inputs.
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
White-Box System Model (Constructional Perspective)
• Addresses internal behavior of the system.
• Models the construction and operation of the system.
• Models the implementation of a requirement.
• The behavior of a system is brought about, and consequently explained, by its construction and operation.
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
BASIC SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
object system
(OS)
using system
(US)
function of
the OS
New business requirements specify
processes to be implemented in the OS
These requirements create a need in the using system (US)
of an object system (OS) to implement the requirements
determine
requirements
construction
of the USdevise
specifications
construction
of the OS
Portions ©2008 ACM
Used by permission
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
BASIC SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
object system
(OS)
using system
(US)
function of
the OS
determine
requirements
construction
of the US
First, one analyzes the business requirements of the OS
in terms of a white-box model of the of the US
devise
specifications
construction
of the OS
Portions ©2008 ACM
Used by permission
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
BASIC SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
object system
(OS)
using system
(US)
function of
the OS
determine
requirements
construction
of the USdevise
specifications
construction
of the OS
The next basic design step is to devise specifications for the
construction and operation of the OS, in terms of a white-box
model of the OS (construction design).
Portions ©2008 ACM
Used by permission
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
BASIC SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
object system
(OS)
using system
(US)
function of
the OS
determine
requirements
construction
of the USdevise
specifications
construction
of the OS
The US business requirements refer to the function and the behavior
of the OS, and are thus in terms of a black-box model of the OS
Portions ©2008 ACM
Used by permission
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS ARE
BUSINESS RULES
• Business requirements are either business rules, or they become rules once implemented.
• Business requirements define what shall occur in response to a given business event.
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
INPUT DATASYSTEM
(BUSINESS PROCESS)
TOP-DOWN SYSTEM VIEWVIEWS A SYSTEM IN TERMS OF BUSINESS EVENTS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
CHOOSE THE BUSINESS
PROCESSES OF INTEREST
12
DETERMINE WHAT BUSINESS EVENTS TRIGGER
THE BUSINESS PROCESSES OF INTEREST.
DETERMINE HOW THESE EVENTS ARE
REPRESENTED IN THE INPUT DATA.
EXPECTED RESULTS ARE
REPRESENTED IN THE OUTPUT DATA
3
OUTPUT DATA
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
OUTPUT DATASYSTEM
(BUSINESS PROCESS)
BOTTOM-UP SYSTEM VIEWVIEWS A SYSTEM IN TERMS OF BUSINESS RESPONSES TO BUSINESS PROCESSES
CHOOSE THE BUSINESS
RESPONSES OF INTEREST
1
DETERMINE WHAT BUSINESS
PROCESSES PRODUCE THE
BUSINESS RESPONSES OF INTEREST
2
INPUT DATA
EXPECTED RESULTS ARE
REPRESENTED IN THE INPUT DATA
3
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
SYSTEM
(BUSINESS PROCESS)INPUT DATA OUTPUT DATAOUTPUT DATA INFORMATION
I
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
N
OBJECTIVE,
UNAMBIGUOUS
OBJECTIVE,
UNAMBIGUOUSSUBJECTIVE
PRODUCING INFORMATION FROM DATA
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
SYSTEM
ASYSTEM
BO/P DATA I/P DATA
CROSS-SYSTEM DATA AND INFORMATION
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
SYSTEM
ASYSTEM
BO/P DATA I/P DATA
I
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
N
I
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
N
BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS ADDRESS INFORMATION. DATA MUST BE
INTERPRETED TO PRODUCE THIS INFORMATION.
THE INTERPRETATIONS MUST BE RECONCILED FOR THE REQUIREMENT
TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND IMPLEMENTED CORRECTLY IN BOTH SYSTEMS.
INFORMATION
CROSS-SYSTEM DATA AND INFORMATION
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
SYSTEM
ASYSTEM
BO/P DATA I/P DATA
I
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
N
I
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
N
IDEALLY, THE TWO INTERPRETATIONS ARE IDENTICAL WITH RESPECT
TO THE INFORMATION FLOWING FROM SYSTEM ‘A’ TO SYSTEM ‘B’.
THIS IS NOT ALWAYS THE CASE, AND IS A SOURCE OF DEFECTS AS
NEW BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS ARE IMPLEMENTED.
INFORMATION
CROSS-SYSTEM DATA AND INFORMATION
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
A REQUIREMENT
IS NEGOTIATED
DEFINE
REQUIREMENT
NEGOTIATE
A REQUIREMENT
IS AGREED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
A REQUIREMENT
IS IMPLEMENTED
PERFORMAN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
PRESENTED FOR
VALIDATION
AN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
VALIDATED
IMPLEMENT
REQUIREMENT
A VALIDATED
REQUIREMENT IS
DELIVERED TO
THE CUSTOMER
AN IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE REQUIREMENT
IS ACCEPTED BY THE
CUSTOMER
COMPLETE
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
A REQUIREMENT
IS NEGOTIATED
DEFINE
REQUIREMENT
NEGOTIATE
A REQUIREMENT
IS AGREED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
A REQUIREMENT
IS NEGOTIATED
DEFINE
REQUIREMENT
NEGOTIATE
A REQUIREMENT
IS AGREED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
A REQUIREMENT
IS IMPLEMENTED
PERFORM
IMPLEMENT
REQUIREMENT
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
A REQUIREMENT
IS NEGOTIATED
DEFINE
REQUIREMENT
NEGOTIATE
A REQUIREMENT
IS AGREED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
A REQUIREMENT
IS IMPLEMENTED
PERFORMAN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
PRESENTED FOR
VALIDATION
AN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
VALIDATED
IMPLEMENT
REQUIREMENT
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
A REQUIREMENT
IS NEGOTIATED
DEFINE
REQUIREMENT
NEGOTIATE
A REQUIREMENT
IS AGREED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
A REQUIREMENT
IS IMPLEMENTED
PERFORMAN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
VALIDATED BY
THE CUSTOMER
IMPLEMENT
REQUIREMENT
AN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
DELIVERED TO THE
CUSTOMER
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
A REQUIREMENT
IS STATED BY THE
CUSTOMER
REQUEST
A REQUIREMENT
IS NEGOTIATED
DEFINE
REQUIREMENT
NEGOTIATE
A REQUIREMENT
IS AGREED TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
A REQUIREMENT
IS IMPLEMENTED
PERFORM
IMPLEMENT
REQUIREMENT
AN IMPLEMENTED
REQUIREMENT IS
DELIVERED TO
THE CUSTOMER
AN IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE REQUIREMENT
IS ACCEPTED BY THE
CUSTOMER
COMPLETE
Business Requirements Workflow Loop
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
Quality Assurance from a Business
Requirements Perspective
• End-to-End Verification and Validation
– Simulate Business Events to trigger Business Responses.
– Verify expected results against Business Requirements.
• Designed to verify the Business of the Enterprise, that
business events and business responses occur
correctly.
• Focuses exclusively from the end user’s perspective.
Copyright ©2010 by Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
Q&A and Comments
Ivars Lenss, PMP, CSM
PMISV Annual Symposium
September 20-21, 2010