Slide 2 Slide 3 Poetry Genres Slide 4 Epic Poem A long narrative
poem on a serious subject presented in an elevated or formal style.
An epic traces the adventures of a hero whose actions consist of
courageous, even superhuman, deeds, which often represent the
ideals and values of a nation or race. Epics typically address
universal issues, such as good and evil, life and death, and sin
and redemption Beowulf, the Illiad, The Odyssey Slide 5 Lyric Poems
A short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts
and feelings. Most poems other than dramatic and narrative poems
are lyrics. Slide 6 Narrative Poem A poem that tells a story using
elements of character, setting, and plot to develop a theme.
Beowulf, the Illiad, and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Slide 7
Prose All forms of written or spoken expression that are not in
verse Short stories and essays, for example Slide 8 Structure Slide
9 Stanzas A grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has
a set pattern of meter and rhyme Usually share common rhyme scheme
(pattern of end rhymes) Couplet: Two lines that usually rhyme and
have the same meter Tercet: Three-line stanza; triplet: three-lines
rhyming Quatrain: four-line stanza, various rhyme schemes Slide 10
Couplet Any 2 lines that work as a unit, whether they make a single
stanza or are part of a larger stanza, most rhyme. Example: Be not
the first by whom the new are tried, Nor yet the last to lay the
old aside. "Good nature and good sense must ever join; To err is
human, to forgive, divine. "Tis education forms the common
mind,/Just as the twig is bent, the trees inclined." Slide 11
Quatrain a stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines of
verse. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd
wind slowly o'er the lea The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me. Slide 12 Rhyme Scheme
the pattern of rhyme between lines of a poem Bid me to weep, and I
will weepA While I have eyes to see;B And having none, and yet I
will keepA A heart to weep for thee.B A shift in rhyme scheme
indicates a shift in tone, events, etc. Slide 13 Graphical Elements
What to notice... Number and Length of Lines Word Position:
Centered? Left? Right? Spacing? Stanzas Verses Shape of a poem and
its visual presentation How does the poems appearance on the page
affect its interpretation? Slide 14 Forms of Poems Slide 15 Fixed
Form Poems that follow a prescribed model Follows a pattern of
lines, meter, rhyme, and stanza Fixed form poems do not always fit
models precisely; writers sometimes work variations on traditional
forms to create innovative effects. A variance from the fixed form
indicates a variance in tone, events, etc. Slide 16
English/Shakespearean Sonnet Usually written in iambic pentameter
with 14 lines Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the
darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold
complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By
chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal
summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal
lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can
see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. --William
Shakespeare Slide 17 Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet 14 lines, divided
into 2 parts first 8 lines (octave) usually rhyme abbaabba last 6
lines (sestet) rhyme will vary: cdecde, cdcdcd, and cdccdc Very
often, the octave presents a situation that the sestet resolves. On
First Looking into Chapmans Homer by John Keats Much have I
travell'd in the realms of gold, And many goodly states and
kingdoms seen; Round many western islands have I been Which bards
in fealty to Apollo hold. Oft of one wide expanse had I been told
That deep-brow'd Homer ruled as his demesne; Yet did I never
breathe its pure serene Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and
bold: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies When a new planet
swims into his ken; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes He
star'd at the Pacific--and all his men Look'd at each other with a
wild surmise-- Silent, upon a peak in Darien. Slide 18 Spenserian
Sonnet A variation of the Shakespearean sonnet which has the same
structure but uses the interlocking rhyme scheme abab bcbc cdcd ee
Fire and Ice -- by Edmund Spenser My love is like to ice, and I to
fire: how comes it then that this her cold so great is not
dissolv'd through my so hot desire, but harder grows, the more I
her entreat? Or how comes it that my exceeding heat is not delayed
by her heart frozen cold, but that I burn much more in boiling
sweat, and feel my flames augmented manifold? What more miraculous
thing may be told that fire, which all thing melts, should harden
ice: and ice which is congealed with senseless cold, should kindle
fire by wonderful device? Such is the pow'r of love in gentle mind
that it can alter all the course of kind. Slide 19 Villanelle 19
lines of any length divided into 6 stanzas: 5 tercets with aba
rhyme scheme a concluding quatrain with abaa rhyme scheme Line I
repeats as lines 6, 12, and 18 Line 3 repeats as lines 9, 15, and
19 Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night By Dylan Thomas Do not go
gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close
of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men
at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no
lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the
last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced
in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Wild men
who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they
grieved it on its way, Do not go gentle into that good night. Grave
men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze
like meteors and be gay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
And you, my father, there on that sad height, Curse, bless, me now
with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good
night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Slide 20 Sestina
39 lines of any length divided into 6 six-line stanzas 3-line
concluding stanza called an envoy Repeated 6 words at the ends of
the first stanzas lines at the ends of the lines in the other five
6-line stanzas Those words must also appear in the final three
lines, where they resonate important themes. Sestina by Algernon
Charles Swinburne I saw my soul at rest upon a day As a bird
sleeping in the nest of night, Among soft leaves that give the
starlight way To touch its wings but not its eyes with light; So
that it knew as one in visions may, And knew not as men waking, of
delight. This was the measure of my souls delight; It had no power
of joy to fly by day, Nor part in the large lordship of the light;
But in a secret moon-beholden way Had all its will of dreams and
pleasant night, And all the love and life that sleepers may. But
such lifes triumph as men waking may It might not have to feed its
faint delight Between the stars by night and sun by day, Shut up
with green leaves and a little light; Because its way was as a lost
stars way, A worlds not wholly known of day or night. All loves and
dreams and sounds and gleams of night Made it all music that such
minstrels may, And all they had they gave it of delight; But in the
full face of the fire of day What place shall be for any starry
light, What part of heaven in all the wide suns way? Yet the soul
woke not, sleeping by the way, Watched as a nursling of the
large-eyed night, And sought no strength nor knowledge of the day,
Nor closer touch conclusive of delight, Nor mightier joy nor truer
than dreamers may, Nor more of song than they, nor more of light.
For who sleeps once and sees the secret light Whereby sleep shows
the soul a fairer way Between the rise and rest of day and night,
Shall care no more to fare as all men may, But be his place of pain
or of delight, There shall he dwell, beholding night as day. Song,
have thy day and take thy fill of light Before the night be fallen
across thy way; Sing while he may, man hath no long delight. Slide
21 Epigram Brief, pointed, and witty poem. Most rhyme and often are
written in couplets No prescribed form Typically polished bits of
compressed irony, satire, or paradox Coward by A. R. Ammons Bravery
runs in my family Epitaph on a Waiter by David McCord By and by God
caught his eye. Slide 22 Limerick Short five-lined humorous poems
Usually anapestic lines rhyming aabba There once was a man from
Nantucket Who kept all his cash in a bucket; But his daughter,
named Nan, Ran away with a man, And as for the bucket, Nantucket.
Slide 23 Haiku Japanese poetry and usually deals with intense
emotion or nature which leads to spiritual insight Consists of 17
syllables: 3 lines with three phrases of 5, 7, and 5 syllables
Under cherry trees by Matsuo Bash Under cherry trees Soup, the
salad, fish and all... Seasoned with petals. Slide 24 Elegy A lyric
poem written to commemorate someone who is dead Expresses the
speakers melancholy thoughts No longer conforms to a fixed pattern
of lines and stanzas Elegy for Jane (My Student, Thrown by a Horse)
By Theodore Reothke I remember the neckcurls, limp and damp as
tendrils; And her quick look, a sidelong pickerel smile; And how,
once started into talk, the light syllables leaped for her. And she
balanced in the delight of her thought, A wren, happy, tail into
the wind, Her song trembling the twigs and small branches. The
shade sang with her; The leaves, their whispers turned to kissing,
And the mould sang in the bleached valleys under the rose. Oh, when
she was sad, she cast herself down into such a pure depth, Even a
father could not find her: Scraping her cheek against straw,
Stirring the clearest water. My sparrow, you are not here, Waiting
like a fern, making a spiney shadow. The sides of wet stones cannot
console me, Nor the moss, wound with the last light. If only I
could nudge you from this sleep, My maimed darling, my skittery
pigeon. Over this damp grave I speak the words of my love: I, with
no rights in this matter, Neither father nor lover. Slide 25 Ode
Lengthy lyrics that often include lofty emotions conveyed by a
dignified style Characterized by serious topics like: truth, art,
freedom, justice, and the meaning of life Formal tone No prescribed
formal pattern, but some repeat stanzas or new patterns Often use
apostrophe Home Movies: A Sort of Ode by Mary Jo Salter Because it
hadn't seemed enough, after a while, to catalogue more Christmases,
the three-layer cakes ablaze with birthday candles, the blizzard
Billy took a shovel to, Phil's lawnmower tour of the yard, the tree
forts, the shoot-'em-ups between the boys in new string ties and
cowboy hats and holsters, or Mother sticking a bow as big as
Mouseketeer ears in my hair, my father sometimes turned the gaze of
his camera to subjects more artistic or universal: long closeups of
a rose's face; a real-time sunset (nearly an hour); what surely
were some brilliant autumn leaves before their colors faded to dry
beige on the aging film; a great deal of pacing, at the zoo, by
polar bears and tigers caged, he seemed to say, like him. What
happened between him and her is another story. And just as well we
have no movie of it, only some unforgiving scowls she gave through
terrifying, ticking silence when he must have asked her (no sound
track) for a smile. Still, what I keep yearning for isn't those
generic cherry blossoms at their peak, or the brave daffodil after
a snowfall, it's the re-run surprise of the unshuttered, prefab
blanks of windows at the back of the house, and how the lines of
aluminum siding are scribbled on with meaning only for us who lived
there; it's the pair of elephant bookends I'd forgotten, with the
upraised trunks like handles, and the books they meant to carry in
one block to a future that scattered all of us. And look: it's the
stoneware mixing bowl figured with hand-holding dancers handed down
so many years ago to my own kitchen, still valueless, unbroken.
Here she's happy, teaching us to dye the Easter eggs in it, a
Grecian urn of sorts near whicha foster child of silence and slow
time myselfI smile because she does and patiently await my turn.
Slide 26 Parody Humorous imitation of another, usually serious
work. Fixed or open form because parodists imitate the tone,
language, and shape of the original It is a complement to have ones
poem parodied because that indicates a well-known work has become
institutionalized in our culture and fair game for some fun A Visit
from St. Sigmund By X. J. Kennedy Twas the night before Christmas,
when all through each kid Not an Ego was stirring, not even an Id.
The hangups were hung by the chimney with care In hopes that St.
Sigmund Freud soon would be there.... Slide 27 Concrete Poem poems
form pictures both by word choice and the way the words are
arranged on the page. A.K.A. Picture Poems In Medias Res By Michael
McFee His waist, like the plot, thickens, wedding pants now
breathtaking, belt no longer the cinch it once was, belly's cambium
expanding to match each birthday, his body a wad of anonymous
tissue swung in the same centrifuge of years that separates a house
from its foundation, undermining sidewalks grim with joggers and
loose-filled graves and families and stars collapsing on
themselves, no preservation society capable of plugging entropy's
dike, under the zipper's sneer a belly hibernation- soft, ready for
the kill. Slide 28 Open Form A.K.A. Free verse which has no regular
beat and usually no rhyme No fixed or predominant meter Rely on an
intense use of language to establish rhythms and relations between
meaning and form Derive rhythmic qualities from the repetition of
words, phrases, or grammatical structures; the arrangement of words
on the printed page; or some other means Slide 29 O Captain! My
Captain! By Walt Whitman O CAPTAIN! my Captain! our fearful trip is
done; The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is
won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: But
O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the
deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain!
rise up and hear the bells; Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for
you the bugle trills; 10 For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for
you the shores a-crowding; For you they call, the swaying mass,
their eager faces turning; Here Captain! dear father! This arm
beneath your head; It is some dream that on the deck, You've fallen
cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and
still; My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; 20
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. The Red
Wheelbarrow By William Carlos Williams so much depends upon a red
wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens.
Slide 30 Found Poem Unintentional verse discovered in a nonpoetic
context, such as a conversation, news story, or an advertisement
Playful reminders that the words in poems are very often the
language we use every day. Order in the Streets By Donald Justice (
From instructions printed on a childs toy, Christmas 1968, as
reported in the New York Times ) I. 2. 3. Switch on. Jeep rushes to
the scene of riot Jeep goes in all directions by mystery action.
Jeep stops periodically to turn hood over Machine gun appears with
realistic shooting noise. After putting down riot, jeep goes back
to the headquarters. Slide 31 Nonsense Verse Light, often
rhythmical verse, often for children, depicting peculiar characters
in amusing and fantastical situations. It is whimsical and humorous
in tone and tends to employ fanciful phrases and meaningless made-
up words 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in
the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths
outgrabe. --Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll Slide 32 Tools of the
Poets Trade Slide 33 Word Choice Diction: a writers choice of
words. Words call attention to themselves. Poems are usually
briefer than other forms of writing, functioning in a compressed
atmosphere. The words must convey meanings gracefully and
economically. Readers have to be alert to the ways in which those
meanings are released. Slide 34 Poetic Diction Use of elevated
language over ordinary language disporting with pliant arms oer a
glassy wave vs. a boy enjoying a swim Slide 35 Formal Diction
Dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language In a solitude
of the sea Deep from human vanity, And the Pride of Life that
planned her, stilly couches she. Slide 36 Middle Diction Less
formal level of diction Spoken by most educated people You could be
sitting now in a carrel Turning some liver-spotted page, Or rising
in an elevator-cage Toward ladies Apparel. The wit of the speakers
description lessens the formality. Slide 37 Informal Diction A
conversational manner that may include slang or colloquial
expressions not used by the culture at large When getting my nose
in a book Cured most things short of school, It was worth ruining
my eyes To know I could still keep cool, And deal out the old right
hook To dirty dogs twice my size. Slide 38 Informal Diction
Dialect: spoken by definable groups of people from a particular
geographic region, economic group, or social class Jargon: a
category of language defined by a trade or profession Slide 39
Denotation The literal, dictionary meanings of a word Bird: a
feathered animal with wings Slide 40 Connotation Associations and
implications that go beyond a words literal meanings and affect
TONE. Bird Hawk Crow Pigeon Vulture Owl Chicken Connotative
meanings allow poets to be economical and suggestive
simultaneously. Emotions and attitudes are woven into the texture
of the poems language. Slide 41 Persona A speaker created by the
poet The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner By Randall Jarrell From my
mother's sleep I fell into the State, And I hunched in its belly
till my wet fur froze. Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream
of life, I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters. When I
died they washed me out of the turret with a hose. The speaker in
this poem is clearly not the poet but a disembodied voice that
makes the gunners story all the more powerful. Slide 42 Ambiguity
Allows for two or more simultaneous interpretations of a word,
phrase, action, or situation, all of which can be supported by the
context of a work. From my mother's sleep I fell into the State,
And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze. Six miles from
earth, loosed from its dream of life, I woke to black flak and the
nightmare fighters. When I died they washed me out of the turret
with a hose. Slide 43 Word Order Syntax: the ordering of words into
meaningful verbal patterns A poet can manipulate the syntax of a
line to place emphasis on a word Emily Dickinson wrote in A Narrow
Fellow in the Grass: His notice sudden is Slide 44 Tone The writers
attitude toward the subject, the mood created by all the elements
in the poem. Serious/Light Sad/Happy Private/Public
Angry/Affectionate Bitter/Nostalgic Any other attitude or feeling
that a human experiences How does the poets tone contribute to the
poems meaning? Slide 45 Irony Verbal Irony: speakers ways one thing
but means anothernot really sarcasm Situational Irony: Events occur
in an unexpected or surprising manner. Dramatic Irony: when the
reader or viewer knows something that a character does not know.
Slide 46 Sound Devices Slide 47 Rhyme A repetition of identical or
similar sounds in two or more different words Example: Back into
the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning --Edgar Allan
Poe, The Raven Slide 48 End Rhyme Any rhyme at the end of a line;
perfect rhyme Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in
the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his
woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To
stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The
darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To
ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound's the sweep Of
easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But
I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles
to go before I sleep. --Robert Frost, "Stopping By Woods On a Snowy
Evening" Slide 49 Internal Rhyme Rhyme within the same line of
verse Example: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak
and weary --Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven Slide 50 Slant Rhyme
Imperfect rhyme that usually has the same end consonant sound but
not the same vowel sound Half Rhyme Example: Found, Kind Grime,
Game Ill, Shell Dropped, Wept Slide 51 Eye Rhyme Two words are used
with similar spellings but different sounds Example: Laughter,
Slaughter Slide 52 Repetition The same sound, word, phrase, or line
is repeated throughout a poem For emphasis or unity to reinforce
meaning and create an appealing rhythm Example: Frederick Douglass
repeats bloody imagery throughout his narrative because he wants to
emphasize how brutal the life of a slave really was. Slide 53
Anaphora repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of
neighboring clauses for emphasis We passed the school where
children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields
of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun. --Because I Could Not
Stop For Death By Emily Dickinson Slide 54 Epiphora repeating words
at the clauses' ends. Only this, and nothing more. Nameless here,
forever more. This is it, and nothing more. Perched, and sat, and
nothing more. Quoth the raven, Nevermore. --The Raven, by Edgar
Allan Poe Slide 55 Alliteration The repetition of the beginning
sound of two or more adjacent words or stressed syllables Example:
furrow followed free The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Coleridge
Slide 56 Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds within a short
passage or verse of prose Example: And so, all the night-tide, I
lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my
bride. --Annabel Lee, by Edgar Allan Poe Slide 57 Consonance The
repetition of the same consonant two or more times in short
succession Example: all mammals named Sam are clammy Slide 58
Onomatopoeia The use or words that sound like what they mean Bam!
Hiss! Rat, tat, tat! Buzz Purr Slide 59 Rhythm and Meter There are
five standard metrical units, each identified by the pattern of
stressed and unstressed syllables. An unstressed syllable is
represented by a da A stressed syllable is represented by a DA.
Slide 60 Five Standard Metrical Units Iambicda DAprevent TrochaicDA
dafootball Anapesticda da DAcomprehend DactylicDA da dacheerfully
SpondaicDA DAknick-knack Slide 61 Meter Two beats = 1 foot Lines of
poetry are labeled by how many feet there are per line One
foot=monometer (2 beats) Two feet=dimeter (4 beats) Three
feet=trimeter (6 beats) Four feet=tetrameter (8 beats) Five
Feet=pentamter (10 beats) Six Feet=hexameter (12 beats) Seven
Feet=heptameter (14 beats) Eight Feet=octameter (16 beats) Slide 62
Blank Verse Unrhymed iambic pentameter Slide 63 Practice Rhythm and
Meter with a poem Slide 64 Figurative Language Slide 65 Symbols
Something that means more than what it is The Road Not Taken --by
Robert Frost I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and
ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one
less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. The two
roads symbolize life choices that resulted in a large difference in
the kind of experience one knows. Slide 66 Imagery Details in
writing that describe what is seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or
touched. Barbeque Soft Kitten Swaying Evergreen Purple Curtains
Crying Baby Cinnamon Rolls Slide 67 Metaphor describes a subject
implicitly by asserting that it IS the same as another otherwise
unrelated object generally considered more forceful than a simile
All the worlds a stage, And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances; --As You Like It, by
William Shakespeare Slide 68 Implied Metaphor More subtle, can slip
by readers, but alert reader to carefully chosen words. He was a
mule standing his ground. OR He brayed his refusal to leave. Slide
69 Simile two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared,
usually in a phrase introduced by like, as, than, appears, or
seems. you fit into me like a hook into an eye a fish hook an open
eye --Margaret Atwood What is being compared? Slide 70 Extended
Metaphor The entire poem is organized around a comparison Huswifery
By Edward TaylorEdward Taylor Make me, O Lord, thy Spinning Wheel
complete. Thy Holy Worde my Distaff make for me. Make mine
Affections thy Swift Flyers neat And make my Soule thy holy Spool
to be. My Conversation make to be thy Reel And reel the yarn
thereon spun of thy Wheel. Make me thy Loom then, knit therein this
Twine: And make thy Holy Spirit, Lord, wind quills: Then weave the
Web thyself. The yarn is fine. Thine Ordinances make my Fulling
Mills. Then dye the same in Heavenly Colours Choice, All pinked
with Varnished Flowers of Paradise. Then clothe therewith mine
Understanding, Will, Affections, Judgment, Conscience, Memory My
Words, and Actions, that their shine may fill My ways with glory
and thee glorify. Then mine apparel shall display before yee That I
am Clothed in Holy robes for glory. Slide 71 Personification
Nonhuman things or abstractions are represented as having qualities
of a persona type of metaphor where the comparison is always a
human being. Example: Necessity is the mother of invention Slide 72
Apostrophe A type of personification which consists of addressing
someone absent or dead or something nonhuman as if that person or
thing were present and alive and could reply to what is being said
Personification and apostrophe do not require great imaginative
power, so some dont contribute much to the poem Today, the road all
runners come, Shoulder-high, we bring you home, And set you at your
threshold down, Townsman of a stiller town. To an Athlete Dying
Young -- A. E. Housman Slide 73 Allusion The mention to something
literary, mythological, or historical through characters or well
known phrases for the purpose of adding depth to a literary piece.
Example: Abigail brings the other girls into the court, and where
she walks the crowd will part like the sea for Israel. --The
Crucible, by Arthur Miller Slide 74 Hyperbole An intentionally
exaggerated figure of speech for emphasis or effect Overstatement
Example: This book weighs a ton. Slide 75 Allegory A literary piece
that a second meaning beneath the surface. The authors major
interest is in the ulterior meaning. Example: Animal Farm, by
George Orwell Avatar Lord of the Flies, by William Golding O
Captain, My Captain! by Walt Whitman Slide 76 Verbal Irony Implying
the opposite of what one says sometimes both what is said and the
opposite of what is said, at once Slide 77 A Great Method for
Analyzing Poetry!! TP-CASTT Slide 78 T- Title, prediction about the
poem based on title P- Paraphrase, put the poem in your own words,
line by line C- Connotation, look for deeper meaning, interpret
figurative language A- Attitude, What is the authors tone? +/- S-
Shifts, look for shifts in tone, action, rhythm T- Title,
reevaluate the title as it pertains to the poem T- Theme, What does
the poem mean? How does it relate to life? Slide 79 fin
