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Poetry Terms
Alliteration
The repetition of a beginning consonant sound.
Allusion
References to people, places, things, etc., that the poet expects us to understand.
Apostrophe
when words are addressed to a person or thing - absent or present - or to a personified idea such as death
Assonance
the repetition of vowel sounds within words
ex. “Tiny white sea lice”
Blank Verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter
But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?
Consonance
the close repetition of the same consonant sounds within and at the end of words
ex. “…he sweats from pores round as goblets full of swamps.”
Couplet
two consecutive and rhyming lines that are usually equal in length
ex. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Elegy
a poem of meditative nature, usually one of grief
Euphemism
a mild, inoffensive word or expression used in place of one that is harsh or unpleasant
ex. to pass away for die
eliminate for kill
Figurative language
intentional departure from normal language to gain strength and freshness of expression, to create a picture quality and poetic effect
Foot
a combination of accented and unaccented syllables which make a metrical unit
a foot may incorporate syllables from different words/may cut across words
Hyperbole
exaggeration for emphasis
iamb
one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable
More Feet
anapest = three accented syllables in a row
dactyle = one accented + two unaccented
spondee = two accented
trochee = one accented + one
unaccented
Free verse
verse which does not conform to any fixed pattern
rhyme and rhythm occur only incidentally
Imagery
words that bring to mind visual, auditory, tactile, or other sensory thoughts, feelings and memories
Lyric
any short poem that seems to be especially musical and expresses, in most instances, the poet’s clearly revealed thoughts and feelings
Metaphor
a figure of speech in which two things are compared without the use of like or as
ex. Love is a rose.
Meter
the pattern or rhythm determined by the accented and unaccented syllables in a line of poetry
meter is established by the repetition of a dominant foot
Meter - continued
monometer = one footdimeter = two feettrimeter = three feettetrameter = four feetpentameter = five feethexameter = six feetex. iambic pentameter is a line of verse
consisting of five iambs
Mood
the frame of mind or state of feeling created by a piece of writing
ex. sorrowful mood
sentimental mood
Narrative poem
poem that tells you a story
Ode
a lengthy dignified poem expressing exalted or enthusiastic emotion
Onomatopoeia
words that imitate sound
enables the writer to express sense through sound
ex. splash, buzz, pow, murmur
Parody
a humorous imitation of a serious piece of writing
Personification
gives human qualities to non-human things
Quatrain
a four-line stanza
Rhyme
the repetition of syllable sounds at the ends of words
ex. beautiful, dutiful
Rhyme scheme
the pattern of end rhyme in a poem marked with letters, beginning with “a” and continuing through the alphabet
Simile
a comparison using like or as
ex. Love is like a rose
Sonnet
a poem consisting of 14 lines usually written in iambic pentameter
Petrarchan and Shakespearean/English
Stanza
a group of related lines that forms a section of a poem
Symbol
an image that carries meaning beyond itself
Tone
the author’s attitude towards the subject