POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March,

POLAND 18 MONTHS

AFTER ACCESSION

EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY

Michał SEWERYŃSKIMinister of Education and Science

Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March, 2006

- Introduction – current situation- A bit of history- Recent developments in education, science & mobility- Accession – challenges and benefits- Ambitions

Michał SEWERYŃSKIMinister of Education and Science

POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI

CONTENTS

The accession constituted a formal confirmation of our participation in the process of creating the concept of modern Europe.

For Poland this process was particularly long and painful; full of consequences which even now significantly influence our position.

IntroductionCurrent situation


Where are we today?

Poland UE - 25 %

38.2 451.8 8.50Population (million)

1 085 000 5.25Number of researchers (thousand) 56 900

9 599 2.10GDP [bio €] 202

Employment (million) 197 000 7.0013 800

169 0.70Expenditure on research [bio €] 1.2

290 600 3.50Number of scientific publications 10 050

IntroductionCurrent situation


By the end of the 18th century the Kingdom of Poland become divided between the three powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria.

We regain independence at the end of the first WW, but soon after come the WWII, with particularly devastating effect. The country’s infrastructure was destroyed, the human resources in science, education and culture were wiped out.

The Nazi Germany sought to eradicate the intellectual fabric of our society. The annihilation was complemented by the Soviet Union, that mass executed thousands of Polish army officers, held as prisoners of war.

A bit of history


In 1950-ties Poland undertook reconstruction of the country – the bridges and houses, as well as skilled and educated resources of the nation.

But the Stalin’s era, bringing with it the political and cultural terror, the centralised economy and the emptiness of communist ideology, did not facilitate a formation of creative and innovative science and academic sectors.

In the centralised economy the industry and science are pursuing their separate objectives. The technology pull is a fiction and the science is often moved to the domains irrelevant to the wellbeing of the society.

A bit of history


A new era has started when, in 1989, having won the right to hold free elections, Poland firmly rejected most of the constraints of the communist regime and the Soviet domination and enteredthe path of democracy. This was possible as a result of the Solidarity Revolution that launched the drive for liberty.

The changes enforced by Solidarity in Poland contributed to the fall of communism in Europe and this achievement constitutes a major Polish input into the European integration.

Poland embarked on a path of social and economic transformation – sometimes very painful, as accompanied by a high unemployment. But also characterised by stable economic growth.

Current situation


Poland - GDP Growth (%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

5.2

7

66.8

4.84

3

1 1.2

3.53.8

5.6

Current situation


Poland - inflation rate (%)

8.6

0.7

44.4

37.7

29.5

21.618.7

13.2

8.5 9.8

3.6 1.9 2.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Current situation


In the areas of interest – education, science and mobility - the profound changes started to take shape.

In education we witnessed the emergence of private (non budgetary) institutions, both at school and university level.

This contributed to the growth in number of university and Ph. D students unparallel anywhere in Europe.

Recent developments - education


NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (in thousands) - increase currently to over 2 mln. (5 times)

59 61.464.2 70.389

115.9

146.3174.8

209.8

261.1

342.1

NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES (in thousands) - increase to nearly 400 k (7 times)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

19951996 19971998 19992000 20012002 20031991/2

845 9061077

1231

13971431.9

1584.81718.7

1800.5

385

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1991 1993 1995 1997 19991992 1994 1996 1998 20002001/2

HHuman resouman resouurces in Polandrces in Poland - students - students


NUMBER OF Ph. D STUDENTS - increase from 1.5 k to 33 k (22 times)

NUMBER OF AWARDED Ph. D DEGREES - increase from 1.5 k to 5.5 k (4 times)

5105

15001800

20002300 2300

24002600

3500

4004

44004400

16082405

3687

6268

957711237

15321

18774

22239

2562228345

31072

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120020

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

HHuman resouman resouurces in Polandrces in Poland – Ph. D – Ph. D


In the science sector, the research community was given a strong say in the state policy and in distribution of funds from the state budget.

In consequence, new avenues of research were pursued and contacts with international science were being established.

But in parallel with it a significant dispersion of research potential took place.

Recent developments - science


SIZE OF THE R&D SECTOR (2005)

State Universities 116

Private Universities 263

Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences 81

R&D units 232

Recent developments - science


R&D personnel in Poland 2005

Number of R&D personnelType of R&D unit

Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences

R&D units

State-owned universities

Others

4 600

12 200

36 600

3 500

56 900TOTAL (full time equivalent)


BILATERAL COOPERATION

Bilateral projects realised in 2003 with selected partnersBilateral projects realised in 2003 with selected partners

CountryCountry Number of projectsNumber of projects

UkraineUkraine 178178

Russian FederationRussian Federation 156156

JapanJapan 128128

FranceFrance 120120

GermanyGermany 110110

ChinaChina 9999

BelarusBelarus 7979

IndiaIndia 4646

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

0,0%

0,2%

0,4%

0,6%

0,8%

1,0%

1,2%

[% G

DP

]

Budgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditure

0,330,330,330,330,340,34

0,410,410,420,420,440,440,430,430,460,460,470,470,460,46

0,550,550,570,57

0,640,64

0,300,30

0,640,640,640,640,640,640,710,71

0,680,680,740,740,730,730,740,74

0,780,780,740,74

0,900,900,860,860,870,87

TotalTotal TotalTotal

0,600,60

CountryCountry % GDP% GDP

EU-25EU-25 1.951.95

ЕU-15ЕU-15 2.002.00

Czech Rep.Czech Rep. 1.351.35

FranceFrance 2.192.19

SpainSpain 1.111.11

GermanyGermany 2.502.50

Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep. 0.570.57

HungaryHungary 0.970.97

Great BritainGreat Britain 1.871.87

ItalyItaly 1.161.16

GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-2005GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-2005

0,300,300,300,300,300,300,300,300,260,26

0,300,300,300,300,270,270,300,300,280,28

0,350,350,290,29

0,220,22

0,30 + UE0,30 + UE

Non-budgetary expenditure


The effects on mobility – Program ERASMUS (students):- steady increase in numbers- significant imbalance between foreign and Polish visits

Country preferences in Marie Curie Actions: UK (25%),Germany (21%), France (15%)

Recent developments – mobility


CountryCountry toto fromfrom

GermanyGermany 7 6007 600 1 2001 200

FranceFrance 3 3003 300 900900

UKUK 1 6001 600 260260

totaltotal 24 00024 000 4 6004 600

The accession to the EU has opened to Poland a new era of relations with the Member Countries. In particular it has:

- introduced Poland to the process of the Lisbon Strategy (building the knowledge-based economy and the knowledge-based society)- exposed our weaknesses in many areas of our life- introduced us to the discipline on R&D expenditures- accelerated the process of internal reforms- given the country and the society a spectrum of new ambitions.

Accession – changes and benefits


The policies of the new Polish Government, being formulated since after the 2005 elections, aim in particular:

- in education - creation of a new model for university education and for a career for university researcher, in line with the Bologna declaration- in science - determined increase of state expenditures and embarking on a far reaching reform of the science sector- in mobility – formulation of dedicated programmes supporting the mobility of young researches- in employment - creation of the conditions for growth in line with the economy.



STRATEGY OF R & D FUNDING INCREASESTRATEGY OF R & D FUNDING INCREASE to reach goals of Lisbon Strategyto reach goals of Lisbon Strategy

0,64

1,251,5

1,8

2,2

2,6

3

0,640,9

1,061,3

1,651,9

2,2

0,64 0,66 0,680,85 0,85

1 1

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

progressive version I progressive version II stagnation versionstagnation version


Competitiveness and economic rules in science:

- implementation of highly competitive grant system- critical assessment of all research institutes

- financial incentives to support participation in EU programsinancial incentives to support participation in EU programs- research priorities based on economic and resource- research priorities based on economic and resource assessment (Foresight) assessment (Foresight) - concentrating and streamlining resources into top innovative- concentrating and streamlining resources into top innovative groups groups- complement „pure” research with economy oriented R&D- complement „pure” research with economy oriented R&D



Employment of Structural Funds to foster co-operation betweenEmployment of Structural Funds to foster co-operation between R&D sector and economy R&D sector and economy

Meaningful participation in EU Framework ProgrammesMeaningful participation in EU Framework Programmes

- maximize participation and associated benefits in 7FP

- promote excellence as a basic criterion for support from public funds

- active role in coordination of national research programmes

- accommodate research on social and environmental issues: global and regional

- increase mobility of scientists, to and from the country

Accession – challenges


Basic research is a great chance - there we are strongest.Basic research is a great chance - there we are strongest.

StrongStrongestest Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry,Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry,AstrophysicsAstrophysics,, AArchaeologyrchaeology

MediumMedium Biology, Earth Sciences, Medicine,Biology, Earth Sciences, Medicine,some Eng. Sciences.some Eng. Sciences.

Strong nationallyStrong nationally Literary studies, Sociology, History Literary studies, Sociology, History

Accession – ambitions


11stst step – European Research Areastep – European Research Area

22ndnd step – European funding of basic researchstep – European funding of basic research

European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council

33rdrd step – European Higher Educationstep – European Higher Education

Bologna declaration, EITBologna declaration, EIT

New Europe needs new Universities and new higher education structure - open to most talented young people from all Europe





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POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March,