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Policies of U.S. Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon,
and CarterCold War in the Americas
IB History 12
Policies of John F Kennedy• President Kennedy’s Cold War Foreign
Policies were:
• Escalation of US military involvement in Vietnam
• Successfully avoided war with USSR during Cuban Missile Crisis
• Failed attempt to create positive relationships with Latin American countries through a direct assistance program, called the Alliance for Progress, as opposed to espionage and military intimidation.
Policies of Lyndon B Johnson• President Johnson’s Cold War Foreign
Policies were mostly a continuation of President Kennedy’s policies because he became President as a result of Kennedy’sassassination.
• Johnson is considered responsible for the escalation of American involvement in the Vietnam War, but he only carried out that policy because it was planned by Kennedy.
• As the US involvement in the Vietnam War continued less resources were available for the Alliance for Progress program to improve relationships with Latin American Countries.
Policies of Richard M Nixon• President Nixon’s Cold War Foreign
Policies were:
• Ending the Alliance for Progress program with Latin American Countries because he felt it wasn’t effective.
• The withdrawal of the US from the Vietnam War
• Establishing a relationship with Communist China
Policies of President Jimmy Carter• President Carter’s Cold War Foreign Policies
were:
• Reducing the American military presence abroad, reducing nuclear weapons stockpiling, and asking countries not to depend on the United States for their defense.
• Attempting to reduce human rights abuses by refusing to provide aid to countries with evidence of human rights abuse.
• However, his policies were met with resistance becasue the USSR invaded Afghanistan and the Iranian Revolution led to a crisis involving American hostages.
Research Simulation• The Cold War policies of President’s
Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Carter were all different despite some policies being similar to each other.
• If you were a United States Citizen born in the early 1940’s you would have been an adult for the Presidencies of Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Carter.
• Which of these President’s Cold War policies would you have been most supportive of?