1

SOUTH AFRICA: HISTORY

Policies, People, and Places

2

A COUNTRY BLESSED IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND IN BEAUTY

World leader in production of diamonds and gold

Mild climate that resembles San Francisco bay area.

3

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=Q8538DDIKR8

Early South Africa

4

APARTHEID & NATIONALIST PARTY

Nationalists won election in 1948  Immediately began enforcing existing

policies of racial segregation under a system of legislation that it called apartheid.

Under apartheid, nonwhite South Africans would be forced to live in separate areas from whites and use separate public facilities, and contact between the two groups would be limited.

Cry, the Beloved Country was written in 1946 and published in 1948.

5

APARTHEID Apartheid was used to cement control over

economic and social systems. Quickly became a way of extreme racial separation.

6

INSTITUTIONALIZED RACIAL DISCRIMINATION=APARTHEID Under this system, 13 percent of the

population controlled the rest. Rested on 3 basic principles:1) There were 4 official racial groups:

White, African, Coloured, and Indian2) Whites were the only “civilized” race,

and therefore should exercise complete control over the others.

3) White interests always come before Black

7

JUST SOME OF THE APARTHEID LEGISLATION:

1949: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 1950 Population Registration Act

provided framework for classifying every person by race in all of South Africa.

1959: Immorality Act prohibited Whites from marrying or having sexual relations with anyone of another racial group.

8

PASSBOOKS REQUIRED FOR NATIVE AFRICANSLand Acts controlled all African movement in all urban areas and resulted in the need for Passbooks.

Local officials could remove “idle or undesirable natives” who were found in urban areas longer than 72 hours.

9

PASSBOOKSIf an African Native stood outside his front door without his pass, police could haul him off to jail without notifying anyone.

Murders went unsolved while the courts were jammed with Pass law offenders.

10

SHARPEVILLE MASSACRE For years Africans endured the passbook

system. Pan-African Congress urged Native

Africans to protest by showing up at local police stations, without passbooks, and demand to be arrested.

Throughout the country, Africans responded.

20,000 showed up at the Sharpeville prison near Johannesburg.

Things got ugly; police opened fire on the crowd.

11

SHARPEVILLE: THE BEGINNING OF THE END…

“My car was struck by a stone. If they do these things, they must learn their lesson”

Hundreds dead--many shot in the back

12

ANTI-APARTHEID LEADERS

13

NELSON MANDELA President of the ANC (African National

Congress) in 1951. Between 1951-1960 he began to realize that

nonviolence was not going to be effective, 1962 arrested for leaving South Africa illegally

and sentenced to 5 years in jail. Tried a year later for treason and given life

sentence on Robben Island In this maximum security prison for 27 years. Public discussion of him was illegal. Freed on February 11, 1990 In 1994 in the first free election, he was elected

president.

14

NELSON MANDELA HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=LCZKZILVE70

Mandela in prison His famous number

15

STEVE BIKO HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JNMACGDO2CK

Founder of the Black Consciousness movement

1973 was “banned” September 7, 1977 was

arrested and sustained a head injury during “interrogation.”

Doctor’s examined him while he was naked, lying on a mat, manacled to metal grille.

Sept. 11, he had slipped into a comma and was transported to a hospital 12 hours away.

Made the journey lying naked in the back of a Land Rover.

Died from brain damage on September 12—lying on the floor of a cell in Pretoria Prison

16

CHRIS HANI HTTP

://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=X0IGS2ZD_5A

Charismatic leader of South African Communist Party

Shot 4 times on April 10, 1993 in his own driveway

4 days later, Dave Matthews Band began playing a song, #36, to honor Hani.

Starts with “Honey, Honey, come and dance with me,” which was originally written as “Hani, Hani, come and dance with me.”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=il5uQm_1vUE

People who killed him are still in prison.