Policing Democracy: Overcoming Obstacles to Policing Democracy: Overcoming Obstacles to Citizen Security Reform in Latin AmericaCitizen Security Reform in Latin America

Traditional vs. Problem-Oriented Policing - Reforms:Traditional vs. Problem-Oriented Policing - Reforms: 1.1. Structural ReorganizationStructural Reorganization: geographic, functional, : geographic, functional,

hierarchalhierarchal2.2. Professional SupportProfessional Support: salaries, security, technology : salaries, security, technology 3.3. Control MechanismsControl Mechanisms: Accountability agencies : Accountability agencies 4.4. Legal ChangesLegal Changes: street authority, penal process codes : street authority, penal process codes 5.5. Community PolicingCommunity Policing: local councils, social programs: local councils, social programs

Analytical Framework: Reform’s ProspectsAnalytical Framework: Reform’s Prospects

→ → Spectrum of ChangeSpectrum of Change: formulation, implementation, : formulation, implementation, evaluationevaluation → → Institutional RelationsInstitutional Relations: from budgets to societal inclusion: from budgets to societal inclusion → → Daily PolicingDaily Policing: realities and nature of policing: realities and nature of policing→ → Democracy and Democratic NormsDemocracy and Democratic Norms: Arbitrary, : Arbitrary, unaccountable uses of power; civil society vulnerabilitiesunaccountable uses of power; civil society vulnerabilities

Primary Case Studies: Honduras, Bolivia, ArgentinaPrimary Case Studies: Honduras, Bolivia, Argentina

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Challenges for ReformChallenges for Reform

1.1. GovernanceGovernance: : opinion, politics, and inter-state relationsopinion, politics, and inter-state relations 2.2. The LawThe Law: : criminology and operational applicationcriminology and operational application 3.3. Police CareerPolice Career: : recruitment, training, promotion, ranksrecruitment, training, promotion, ranks

4.4. Police Structure and ManagementPolice Structure and Management: : coordination, coordination, finances, and social services amid decentralizationfinances, and social services amid decentralization

5.5. InformationInformation: : collection and usecollection and use

6.6. Criminal JusticeCriminal Justice: : from crime scenes to prisonsfrom crime scenes to prisons 7.7. Police-Society RelationsPolice-Society Relations: : breaking through distrustbreaking through distrust

Feasible Responses and StrategiesFeasible Responses and Strategies

1.1. Points of TensionPoints of Tension:: identifying gaps – crime identifying gaps – crime

reports, public attentionreports, public attention 2.2. DiscretionDiscretion:: professional integrationprofessional integration

3.3. Information-Based EvaluationInformation-Based Evaluation: : results-results-

based approaches integrating local conditionsbased approaches integrating local conditions

4.4. Structured Citizen EngagementStructured Citizen Engagement 5.5. Policy and ManagementPolicy and Management:: standards standards

without standardizationwithout standardization