Policy8 Appendix Final 03 2008

8/12/2019 Policy8 Appendix Final 03 2008

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Appendix 8 - Terminology

GENERAL CONCEPT Absolute error Acceptance tests Accuracy Accuracy class Active energy (WH) meter Actual value Admittance Air gap Alternating current

Alternating voltage Ammeter Amplifier Amplitude Analog(ic) Analog(ic)-digital convertor Anode Apparent … Arc, arcing Asynchrounous operation Automatic control Automatic regulation

Auxiliary circuitBand of regulationBand widthBeatBeat frequencyCalibrationCapacitive loadCapacitive reactanceCapacitorCathodeCharactetistic impedanceCharge (of capacitors or batteries)

Chart (graph)CoilConductanceConductivityConsumer: customerControlControl value (controller output)ControllerCorona effectCurrentCycleDamping

Dead bandDead timeDiagramDigitalDigital telemeteringDiodeDirect currentDirect voltageDischargeDynamic stability

Earth fault currentEfficiencyElectrical angle (of an alternator)Electrical CircuitElectrical fieldElectromagnetic inductionEnergyExcite (to), excitationFault currentFault impedanceFeedbackFerroresonance

FilterFossil energyFrequencyFrequency bandFrequency meterGainGeothermal energyHarmonicHigh frequencyHour meterHydraulic energyImpedance

Induced voltage (by electric or magneticinduction)InductorInput valueInsensitivity of control (dead band)InstabilityInstantaneous valueIntegral controllerIntensity of currentInterferenceLinear scaleLosses



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Low frequencyMagnetic fieldMagnetizing current

Magnitude of disturbanceMean value (of a periodic quantity)MeasurementMeasurement errorMeasurement transducerModemModulationMutual inductanceNoise levelNominal (rated) value, nominal (rated)magnitudeNominal current

Nominal voltageNon-linear scaleNuclear energyNuclear fissionOperating valueOperating voltage, service voltageOscillationsOscillogramOutput valueParallel connectionPeriodPermissible load

Phase displacementPhase oppositionPhase sequencePhase, phase conductorPointerPowerPower factorPrimary …Proportional controllerProportional integral controllerPumpingRamp, slope

Range of regulationRated thermal currentReactiveReactive energy (VARH) meterRecovery timeReference valueRegulationRelative errorReliabilityRepairResidual magnetization (remanence)Resistance (in direct current)

ResistivityResonanceResponse time

Rotating fieldSaturationSchematic diagramSecondary …Self excitationSelf inductance, self inductionSeries connectionShuntSignalSignal levelSlipSolar energy

StabilityStableStatic stabilitySuperconductivitySusceptanceSynchronismTerminalTerminal voltageTestThree phase currentThreshold valueThyristor

Tidal energyTime constantTransient phenomenonTransient stabilityTransmitterTurnUnbalanced loadValveVarmeterVoltageVoltage DividerVoltmeter

WattmeterWave energyWind energyWindingWiring diagram

POWER STATIONS Alternator, generator Auxiliary (unit; station) transfomerBase load power stationBoiler




Boiling water reactor (BWR)BurnerCondenser

Control equipment, governing equipmentControl rodCooling system (for stator; for rotor)Cooling towerCooling water circuitDamDiesel engineDischargeExciterFast reactor, breeder reactorFuel- Natural gas

- Fuel oil- Coal- Lignite- WastesFurnaceGas turbineGenerating set, generating unitGeneratorGenerator transformerHydro-electric power stationLimiterNuclear power station

OverspeedOverspeed protection devicePeak load power stationPenstockPondage power stationPower station with reservoirPressurised water reactor (PWR)Pumped storage station / power plantRadioactive wasteReactor (nuclear)Reactor coreResersible pump-turbine

ReservoirRun-of-river power stationSpeed regulatorSpillwaySteam turbineSynchronous compensatorThermal power stationTidal power stationTurbineTurbine governorTurbine shaftTurbogenerator

Voltage regulatorWind farm

TRANSMISSION Angle tower Auto reclosing relay Auto-transformer Auxiliary services supplyBank of accumulatorsBank of capacitorsBayBreaking capacity, rupturing capacityBuchholz relayBundle conductors

BusbarBusbar connectionBusbar isolatorBusbar sectionBy pass isolator (over a circuit breaker)Cable armourCable sheathCircuitCircuit breakerClosing mechanismCombined instrument transformerConductor

Conductor failureConductor jointControl deskControl panelControl roomCoupling bay, bus couplerCurrent transformerDouble-circuit lineEarthing switchEarth wireFACTS (Flexible Alternating CurrentTransmission System)

FlashoverImmobilization, immobilize (to)InsulatorInsulator stringInterlockInvertorInsulatorIsolatorJunction boxLineLine isolatorLine trap




Load breaking switchLocked in close/open positionMetal-clad installation, capsulated

installationMimic boardMultiple-circuit lineNeutral isolatorOil-filled cableOn-load tap-changerOver ... RelayOverhead linePhase discrepancyPosition indicatorPush buttonQuadruple conductor

Quick break switchReceiverRectifierRelayRelay cubicleSagSelector isolatorSeparated windings transformerShort- circuit between phasesShort- circuit to earthShort-circuit (single- two- three- phase)Shunt circuit breaker

Shunt compensatorSingle conductorSingle-circuit lineSpacer (for bundle conductors)Span (of an overhead line)Static compensatorStatic convertorStraight line towerSubstationSurge arrester, surge strikeSwinging (galloping) of conductorSwitch

Synchronous couplerTerminal block, terminal boxTerminal tower, tension towerThree windings transformerTower, pylonTransfer barsTransformer ratioTransformer tapTransformer with off-load tap changingTransformer with on-load tap changingTrimmingTriple conductor

Twin conductorUnder frequency relayUndergrouded link / line

Visual signalVoltage transformerWireWiring

SYSTEM OPERATION Active power flow Alarm Attempt to reclose the line Automatic reclosing, automatic reclosureBack up protection

Black start capabilityBlackoutBusbar protectionCascading line trippingClosing (manual or automatic)Closing instruction

CongestionConnection of outgoing feeder to busbarContingencyContingency analysisContinuous operating conditionsContinuous operation

Control instructionControl, orderDay-ahead (D-1)Dead-end circuitDead-end supplyDefence planDevice, automatic deviceDifferencial protectionDirectional protection by signal comparisonDirect-wire telephonyDisconnection (of a generating unit)Dispatcher

Distance protectionDisturbanceDrop in voltageDuration of non-availability(on) Duty engineerEarth faultEmergencyEnergize, apply voltage (to)Extra high voltage networkFailure, breaker failureFaultFault location




Fault clearance timeFinal tripping, definitive trippingFlow (power flows, loop flows, parallel path

flows, unscheduled flows)Gradual increase of voltageGrid, networkIn service, in operationInadvertent operationIncidentInfluence factorIn service, in operationInterconnected networkInterconnection line, tie-line, cross borderlineIntermittent fault

Interruption of supplyIntradayIslandIslandingIsolated network operationIsolationIssuing of permit to work (by the personresponsible)Line protectionLoad flow calculationsLocal controlLoss of voltage

Main protectionMaintenanceMake a ring connection (to)Manual controlManual regulationMaximum capacityMeshed networkN-1 rule or criterionNetwork diagramNetwork lossesNetwork with earthed neutralNetwork with isolated neutral

No load operationNode (electrical)Non-availability- For breakdown, outage- For maintenanceNon-successful reclosingNotice for planned outageNotice of completion of work, cancellation ofpermit to workOff loadOn load

Opening instruction (from protectionequipment)Opening of a ring connection

Operating conditionsOperating testOutageOutgoingOut of operation for maintenanceOut of serviceOvercurrentOvercurrent protectionOver-excitationOverhaulOverloadOverload protection

OvervoltageParallel (to)Parallel operationPeak loadPermanent / remaining faultPermit to workPhase anglePhase sequence indicatorPhase shifter ransformer (PST)Pilot wire protectionProtection against loss of synchronismRadial network

Radial operationReactive power flowRegional (RCC) or national (NCC) controlcentreRelease from service or operation (to)Remote controlRemote supervision. TelemonitoringRestore to service (to)Ring connectionRing networkRing operationRisk of failure

SCADA system (Supervisory Control AndData Acquisition)Security of supplySeparate networkShift engineer, switching engineerShort-circuit currentShort-circuit current calculationsShort-circuit powerShort-circuit protectionSingle - three-phase reclosingStand- by reserveState estimation




Sticking snowSuccessful reclosingSwitching

Switching centre, remote control centreSwitching instructionSwitching out, switch (to)Synchronise (to), synchronisationSynchroscopeSynchrounous operationTelemetering, telemeasurment (TM)Telesignalisation (TS)Test voltageTransfer protection of a circuit to the couplerbreaker (to)Transformer protection

Transient faultTransit, powerflowTransmission lossesTransmission System Operator (TSO)TrippingUnder-excitationUnintentional deviation, inadvertentdeviationVoltage collapseVoltage dropVoltage lackVoltage range

WAMS (Wide inter-Area MeasurementSystem)Withdrawal from serviceWorking zone

OFFER-DEMAND BALANCING Already Allocated Capacity (AAC) Ancillary services Area Control Error (ACE) Auctions Automatic Generation Control (AGC)

Availability Available capacity Available Transfer Capacity (ATC)Balance perimeterBalance responsible entityBalancing mecanismBilling periodBilling pointBreakdown, shutdownCheck meteringCold reserve (stand-by)Consumer

Consumption of electricityContract priceControl area, control block

Control DeviationController (primary, secondary)Controlling power rangeCost of no-load operationCost of start-upCountermeasureCouple (to)Curtailment (factor)DemandDeviationDeviation from synchronous timeDroop

Duration of the contractElectricity accountElectricity billingElectricity tariffEnergy reserveError correctionError detectionExchange deviationExchange power controlExchange program / scheduleExpiration of the contractExtension of the contract

Frequency bias, K-factorFrequency controlFrequency deviationFrequency offset (+ / - 0,1 Hz)Frequency reduction / dropFrequency setpointGate (of market)Hot reserve (stand-by)Hydraulic reserveIncremental (marginal) cost of generation.Load (to)Load curve

Load sheddingMarginMarginal generationMatching, cross checkingMaximum demand- Daily- Weekly- Monthly- AnnualMeter readingMeter registrationMetering




(15) Minute reserveNet Transfer Capacity (NTC)Network Power-Frequency characteristic

Off peak load hoursOutput powerPeak-load hoursPower deviationPower reservePower-factor meterPower-Frequency controlPrimary controlPurchaseRegulating point, setpoint valueReserve (primary, secondary, tertiary)Revision of the contract

Seasonal tariffSecondary frequency control / loadfrequency controlSelf-regulation of loadSetting up of actual valueSpinning reserveStand- by reserveSupplierTender / offerThermal reserveTime deviation with UTC (Universal Timeco-ordinated)

Total Transfer Capacity (TTC)Transit chargeTransmission Reliability Margin (TRM)Unload (to)Load reduction

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Policy8 Appendix Final 03 2008