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Political and Economic Systems of
EuropeSS6CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of
government.
a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.
c. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.
Forms of Government
• Autocracy (au toc ra cy)-⋅ ⋅ ⋅ government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch.
• Democracy (de moc ra cy⋅ ⋅ ⋅ )-power is held by the people in a free, electoral system
• Oligarchy (ol i gar chy)-⋅ ⋅ ⋅ power is held by a small, elite group of people
Government Systems
• Unitary (u ni tar y)- ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ A system of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of each state in a body of states are vested in a central authority
• Federation (fed er a tion⋅ ⋅ ⋅ )- A federated body of nations, states, societies, unions, etc., each retaining control of its own internal affairs. Power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.
• Confederation (con fed er a tion)-⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Power is held by a select few of people
Federation / Federal
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
List of countries with Federal Governments (24)
Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Canada Comoros Ethiopia Germany India Malaysia
Mexico Micronesia Nigeria Pakistan Russia St. Kitts and Nevis South Africa Spain Switzerland United Arab Emirates United States of America Venezuela
Countries in Transition to FederalismIraq Sudan
Countries Considering a Federal SystemSri Lanka
Central Authority
Unitary
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
List of Unitary States
Afghanistan Albania Abkhazia Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brunei
Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile People's Republic of China Colombia Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa)
Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea
List of Unitary States
Eritrea EstoniaFiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana
Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy JamaicaJapan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati
Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Maldives
List of Unitary States
Mali Malta Marshall IslandsMauritania Mauritius Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Netherlands
New Zealand Nicaragua Niger North Korea Norway Oman Palau Panama Papua New Guinea ParaguayPeru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar
Romania Rwanda Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia
List of Unitary States
Slovenia Solomon IslandsSouth AfricaSouth Korea Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Syria Republic of China (Taiwan) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo
Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda UkraineUnited KingdomUruguayUzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Vietnam Yemen
Zambia Zimbabwe
Central Authority
Confederation
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
List of Confederations- Today
Iroquois Confederacy (1090–present)European Union and OPEC
Historic confederationsSome have more the characteristics of a personal union, but they are still listed here because of their own self-styling.Crown of Aragon (1137–1716) Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (confederated personal union; 1447–1492, 1501–1569, (different governments, armies, treasuries, laws, territories with borders, citizenships; common monarch (Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland), parliament (Sejm) and currency) Switzerland (1291–1848), officially the Swiss Confederation Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (1581-1795) Confederate Ireland (1641-1649)
Historic confederations
New England Confederation (1643–1684) United States of America under the Articles of Confederation (1781–1789) Confederate States of America, (1861–1865) Aro Confederacy, (1690 -1902), in what is now Nigeria, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea Union of African States (1961–1963, Mali+Ghana+Guinea) Senegambia (1982–1989, Senegal+Gambia) Hanseatic League United Provinces of New Granada (1810–1816 in what is now Colombia) Powhatan Confederacy Carlist States in Spain (1872–1876) Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
Historic confederations
United Arab Republic (confederation de-facto; 1958–1961, Egypt+Syria; 1963, Egypt+Syria+Iraq) Arab Federation (confederation de-facto; 1958, (Iraq+Jordan) Federation of Arab Republics (confederation de-facto; 1972, Egypt+Syria+Libya) Arab Islamic Republic (confederation de-facto; 1974, Libya+Tunisia) Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839) Kalmar Union (confederated personal union; 1397–1523, Denmark+Sweden+Norway) Denmark-Norway (confederated personal union; 1536–1814) Sweden-Norway (confederated personal union; 1814–1905) Confederation of Central America (1842–1844, El Salvador+Guatemala+Honduras+Nicaragua)
Historic confederations
Confederation of the Equator (1824) - located in Northeast Brazil. Pre-united Germany after the Holy Roman Empire
Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813) had no head of state nor a government German Confederation (1815–1866) North German Confederation (1866–1871) Became the German Empire in 1871
Fictional confederationsConfederacy of Independent Systems (Star Wars) Terran Confederation (Wing Commander) Terran Confederacy (StarCraft) Capellan Confederation (Battletech) Confederation of Planet Omega (animated series Once Upon a Time... Space
How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
DemocracyOligarchicAutocratic
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High ParticipationHigh Participation
Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation
High Participation
Work Session (35 min)• Break into 3 groups (Mrs. D and Mrs. R will assign)
• Take your government form: Autocratic, Democracy, Oligarchy
– create a skit that will demonstrate the form of government
– the system it belongs to (Unitary, Confederation, or Federation)
– how citizens participate in the government
– the distribution of powers between central and regional authority
– who holds the most power
• Fill out your graphic organizer to turn in. It is worth 25 points
• Perform your skit
• Try to guess what form of government your peers are demonstrating and write the name in the blanks at the bottom of your graphic organizer
Closing (20 min)1. In Nigeria’s government, power is divided between Central and regional authorities. This is an
example of which government type? A. UnitaryB. ConfederationC. FederalD. Parliamentary
2. What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government?A. votingB. workingC. obeying lawsD. consuming goods
3. In which system of government does the legislature elect the executive leader of the government?A. democraticB. communistC. parliamentaryD. totalitarian
Closing4. Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government
today is true?A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life.B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate.C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties.D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.
5. In which form of government is there a high participation from the citizens?A. Oligarchic B. DemocraticC. AutocraticD. None of the Above
Parliament vs. President
• Parliament: large elected governing body, which chooses its leader (prime minister)
• Prime Minister- leader of country
• Bicameral (2 Houses)
• President: leader of country
• Additional branches of government: legislative (Congress) & judicial (Courts)
• All, but judicial are elected
United Kingdom
•Leader of the United Kingdom is the prime minister, Gordon Brown, who is elected by Parliament
• Parliament consists of:• A) the House of Commons, who are
democratically elected by the people for 5 years (646 members)
• B) House of Lords, who are not elected, but are appointed as religious leaders (do not have much power)
Federal Republic of Germany
• Parliamentary republic of 16 states
• Have a chancellor (head of govt/parliament) and a president (head of state); both are elected
• Angela Merkel Horst Kohler
Russian Federation• The federal government is composed
of three branches:• Legislative-a bicameral group made
up of the Duma & the Council (makes law, impeaches, & declares war)
• Executive- president (appoints cabinet members, veto, and is commander-in-chief)
• Judicial- courts (interpret and overturn laws, as needed)
• President (Vladimir Putin) and Prime Minister (Dmitry Medvedev)
• Limited personal freedom
Your Life vs. Forms of Government Response
• How is your life like the forms of government discussed today in class:
• a) autocracy, • b) oligarchy, • c) democracy, and • d) unitary form? • Consider various areas of your life (ex. Friends,
family, school, church, etc.) Thoroughly explain your choices & comparisons.
European Economics Key Terms• Euro as currency= benefits and
consequences• Human capital= put money and education
in workers (U.K., Germany, and France)• Capital goods= put money and emphasis
on machinery and technology (Germany)• Natural resources= raw materials that help
countries produce goods (ex. Oil, timber)• Entrepreneur=people who take risks in
order to start own business/make money
Types of Economies
• Traditional economy- based on primitive methods and tools; subsistence farming, hunting and gathering; people choose what is produced and produce it themselves
• Command economy- Economy is planned by the government; govt. chooses what is produced & how it is produced
• Market economy- economy is based on consumer choice; people choose what is produced (determined by supply and demand of goods) and businesses choose how to produce it
Barriers to Trade
• Tariff- A tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary
• Embargo- The prohibition of commerce and trade with a certain country, in order to isolate it
• Quota- A physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time
Economic Terms of Importance IRA
• Working in a group of three, choose from the following ways to explain 10 economic terms:
• A) pictoword- draw a picture and include the definition of the word
• B) acrostic poem - write an acrostic poem about the term (include a definition in the poem)
• C) charades- create a symbol/gesture (without words/number) which explains the meaning of the term
