Political Parties• Distrusted political parties – many were

interested in personal gain and not public good.

• George Washington warned it would lead to “jealousies.”

• Started with the disagreements between Alexander Hamilton (Federalist) and Thomas Jefferson (Republican)

• People started to take sides

Federalists (Hamilton) Believed:• Wealthy and well educated should

lead the nation• Strong central government• Emphasized manufacturing,

shipping, trade and urban environment.

• Pro-British• National Bank

Republicans (Jefferson) Believed:

• People should have political power

• Strong state government• Emphasized agriculture • Pro-French• Opposed a National Bank

Election of 1796

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

Adams and Jefferson

• First met at the Second Continental Congress (1775)

• Both died on July 4th 1826: 50th Anniversary of the Signing of the Declaration of Independence

• Lifelong friends

John Adams (2nd President)• Federalist

–Raised taxes to repay debt and army

• Alien and Sedition Acts–Lengthened term of

citizenship and made it legal for the president to deport people

Thomas Jefferson (3rd President)

• Adams’ Vice President • Anti – Federalist

–Republican Party• Lowered Taxes

–Decreased the army–Hoped import taxes

would pay debts

Thomas Jefferson

• Louisiana Purchase–Doubled the size of

the nation–Purchased from

France for $15 million

–Wanted control of the Mississippi River

Results of the Election of 1796• Rule: The person with the most electoral

votes became President. The 2nd highest score was made Vice President.

• Adams (Federalist) received the most votes and Jefferson (Republican) came in 2nd.

• The President and Vice President were from different political parties.

Problem in Election of 1800• Republican: Thomas Jefferson for

President and Aaron Burr Vice President.

• Jefferson and Burr tied. The House of Representatives then voted and Jefferson won.

• The 12th amendment was then made to require electors to vote separately for the President and Vice President.

James Madison- President During the War of 1812

• Virginian lawyer and student of history

• Wrote a large part of the U.S. Constitution

• Stood barely 5’4” and 120 pounds but, an intellectual ahead of his time

Causes for the War of 1812• British sailors sail on American ships

because they are treated better and get paid very well

• Needing more sailors (due to fighting with France and America) the British navy takes British and American sailors to sail on British ships.

• This is called impressment (practice of forcing people into service)

Causes for the War of 1812

• The U.S. had a desire to expand into more territory, like British Canada

• wanted to prove to Britain that the victory of the American Revolution was not luck.

• Americans demand respect from the world.

American Weaknesses • The military is poorly trained • The navy is no match for the

British navy• American forces attempt to seize

Canada but unsuccessful• Americans are forced to fight a

defensive war against an invading professional army

The British Burn the Capital• August 1814, the British Army

invades the United States and marches on Washington D.C.

• After a brief fight the city surrenders and nearly all government buildings are set fire (including the White House)

To Anacreon in Heaven

To Anacreon in Heav'n, where he sat in full glee, A few Sons of Harmony sent a

petition; That he their Inspirer and Patron wou'd be; When this answer arrived from the Jolly Old Grecian;

"Voice, Fiddle, and Flute, No longer be mute, I'll lend you my name and inspire

you to boot, And besides I'll instruct you like me, to intwine, The Myrtle of

Venus with Bacchus's Vine."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8KcHg5ZOIgU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfu0WSy6KGE

Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last

gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the

perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly

streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in

air,Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still

there.O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave

“The Star Spangled Banner”• Francis Scott Key, a prisoner on a British

barge witnessed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, for 12 hours

• In the morning he observed that the American flag still flew over the fort and writes a poem called “The Defense of Ft McHenry” it eventually becomes a song “The Star Spangled Banner”

• Americans rally to the war effort after the capital is burnt down

The Hartford Convention

• Connecticut fears that the war is lost and actually talk about becoming another country

The Battle of New OrleansAmericans:• Led by General Andrew Jackson.• American forces- multicultural group of

experienced soldiers and warriors (Native American and African Americans)

• Dug trenches to defend themselves.

Results of the Battle of New Orleans

• Killed more than 2,000 British soldiers.

• Only 7 Americans died.• People assume that this victory is

responsible for ending the war.The funny thing…. • The battle started on January 8th

1815… almost three weeks after The Treaty of Ghent

The Treaty of Ghent• John Quincy Adams summed it up

best: “Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled.”

• Went back to pre-war conditions.• The war is considered Status quo

ante bellum–“in which things were before the

war”

The Impact of the War of 1812• A sense of nationalism sweeps America.

Nationalism is a belief and sense of pride in one’s country based on it’s achievements.

• The nation will embark on foreign trade and begin to build a transportation system in the United States.

• Native American resistance will be removed from the Ohio River Valley permanently opening the Midwest for expansion.