Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In ... · This is a preview of "AWWA C906-2015". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store. YLLL assumed the responsibility

AWWA Standard

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Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In. Through 65 In. (100 mm Through 1,650 mm), for Waterworks

ANSI/AWWA C906-15(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C906-07)

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Committee Personnel

The AWWA Standards Committee on Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:

John F. Fishburne, Chair

General Interest Members

J.L. Beaver, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc., Waltham, Mass. (AWWA)J.P. Castronovo, AECOM, Blue Ridge, Ga. (AWWA)A. Chastain-Howley,* Standards Council Liaison, Black & Veatch, Arlington, Texas (AWWA)K.C. Choquiette, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)A.J. Ciechanowski, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich. (AWWA)D.E. Duvall, Engineering Systems Inc., Aurora, Ill. (AWWA)M.L. Magnant, Ankeny, Iowa (AWWA)D.L. McPherson, Alan Plummer and Associates Inc., Dallas, Texas (AWWA)S.A. Mruk, New Providence, N.J. (AWWA)P.J. Olson,* Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)J.R. Paschal, Paschal Engineering LLC, Ypsilanti, Mich. (AWWA)J.R. Peters, Carmel Utilities, Carmel, Ind. (AWWA)L.J. Petroff, Bogart, Ga. (AWWA)S.C. Williams, CH2M, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)

Producer Members

W.I. Adams, WL Plastics Corporation, Terre Haute, Ind. (AWWA)L.J. Gill, Ipex Management Inc., Mississauga, Ont., Canada (AWWA)R. Houle, Mueller Service Company, Memphis, Tenn. (AWWA)M. Hyunh, J-M Manufacturing Company, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)L. MacNevin, Rehau Inc., Leesburg, Va. (AWWA)C.G. Rubiez, Plastics Pipe Institute, Fairfax, Va. (AWWA)S.D. Sandstrum, ISCO Industries, Louisville, Ky. (AWWA)H. Svetlik, Georg Fischer Central Plastics, Dallas, Texas (AWWA)

* Liaison, nonvoting



User Members

L. Aguiar, Miami-Dade Water and Sewer, Miami, Fla. (AWWA)L.M. Bowles, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)J.F. Fishburne, Charlotte Water, City of Charlotte, N.C. (AWWA)W.F. Guillaume, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)C.E. Owens, City Utilities of Springfield, Springfield, Mo. (AWWA)G. Scoby, Palo Alto Utilities, Palo Alto, Calif. (AWWA)M.A. Wirtz, City of Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Ind. (AWWA)



ContentsAll AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard.

ForewordI Introduction .................................... vii

I.A Background ..................................... vii

I.B History ............................................ vii

I.C Acceptance ..................................... viii

II Special Issues. ................................... ix

II.A Advisory Information on Product Application ................................. ix

II.B Design and Installation Information ................................ ix

II.C Emerging Potential for Performance Requirements Based on Oxidative Resistance Testing ...................... ix

III Use of This Standard ........................ xi

III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ................................ xi

III.B Modification to Standard ................ xii

IV Major Revisions ............................... xii

V Comments ..................................... xiv

Standard

1 General

1.1 Scope ................................................ 1

1.2 Purpose ............................................. 2

1.3 Application ........................................ 2

2 References ........................................ 2

3 Definitions ....................................... 4

4 Requirements

4.1 Permeation ........................................ 7

4.2 Materials ........................................... 7

4.3 Pipe Requirements ............................ 9

4.4 Fittings Requirements ..................... 16

4.5 Pipe Classification and Working Pressure Rating ......................... 18

5 Verification

5.1 General ........................................... 19

5.2 Material Testing Requirements ........ 20

5.3 Qualification of Materials and Manufacturing Processes by Elevated-Temperature Sustained Pressure Testing......................... 20

5.4 Pipe Testing Requirements .............. 20

5.5 Fitting Testing Requirements .......... 21

5.6 Provision for Test Sample Failure..... 22

5.7 Plant Inspection by Purchaser ......... 22

6 Marking and Shipping

6.1 Marking .......................................... 23

6.2 Shipping .......................................... 29

6.3 Affidavit of Compliance .................. 29

AppendixesA Internal Surge Pressure and

Corresponding Sudden Water Flow Velocity Change ..... 31



B Bibliography of Sources for Additional Information Regarding Permeation of Polyolefin Pipes ... 35

Figures1 Cross Section of PE Flange

Assembly ................................... 17

2 Mechanical Joint Adapter .................... 17

Tables1 PE Compound—Property Values and

ASTM D 3350 Cell Classification Values .......................................... 8

2 Elevated-Temperature Sustained Pressure Test Requirements ...... 11

3 ODs and Tolerances for IPS Outside Diameter Pipe (ANSI B36.10) ... 12

4 ODS And Tolerances For Ductile-Iron Outside Diameter (Diod) Pipe .. 13

5 Standard Pipe Pressure Classes (PCs) ......................................... 19

6 Minimum Wall Thickness, In. (mm), For IPS Outside Diameter Pipe ........................................... 24

7 Minimum Wall Thickness, In. (mm), for Ductile-Iron Outside Diameter (DIOD) Pipe ............. 27

A.1 PC, Occasional Surge Pressure Allowance and Corresponding Sudden Water Flow Velocity Change (US customary units) ......................................... 32

A.2 PC, Recurring Surge Pressure Allowance and Corresponding Sudden Water Flow Velocity Change (US customary units) ......................................... 32

A.3 PC, Occasional Surge Pressure Allowance and Corresponding Sudden Water Flow Velocity Change (metric units) ................ 33

A.4 PC, Recurring Surge Pressure Allowance and Corresponding Sudden Water Flow Velocity Change (metric units) ................ 33



ForewordThis foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C906.

I. Introduction.I.A. Background. This standard describes outside diameter (OD) controlled

polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe and fittings in diameters ranging from 4 in. through 65 in. (100 mm through 1,650 mm) for use primarily in the construction and rehabilitation of water distribution and transmission systems.

This document describes pipes and fittings made from PE materials with standard PE material designation codes PE 2606, PE 2706, PE 2708, PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, PE 4608, PE 4708, and PE 4710. Pipes are classified in accordance with pipe dimension ratios (DRs) ranging from 7.0 to 32.5. The resultant combinations of PE material designation codes and DRs yield pipe with pressure classes (PCs) ranging from 40 to 333 psig (276 to 2,300 kPa) for water, wastewater, and reclaimed water at 80°F (27°C) and lower temperatures. PC ratings are reduced for higher service tem-peratures. See AWWA Manual M55 for information about the use of PE pipe at higher service temperatures. Consult with PE pipe manufacturers about use of PE pipe with different disinfectant types and concentrations.

Three standard pipe-diameter systems are described, as follows:• Inch OD in accordance with iron pipe size (IPS) system (ANSI B36.10).• Inch OD equivalent to ductile-iron pipe OD (DIOD) in accordance with the

ductile-iron pipe sizing system (ANSI/AWWA C150/A21.50).• Metric OD equivalents.

This standard also includes provision for specifying pipe with custom diameters, wall thicknesses, and dimension ratios.

I.B. History. In 1984, the Standards Committee on Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe appointed a subcommittee to prepare a standard covering 4 in. (100 mm) and larger-diameter polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe and fittings. The first proposed draft was submitted to the Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe Committee by letter ballot in May 1986.

The Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe Committee was subsequently dissolved, and its standards responsibilities were divided between two new AWWA standards com-mittees: the PVC Pressure Pipe and Fittings Committee and the Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings Committee. The Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings Committee

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.



assumed the responsibility for developing this standard in the fall of 1988. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA C906 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 21, 1990. Subsequent editions were approved on June 20, 1999, and Jan. 21, 2007. This edition was approved Jan. 24, 2015.

I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.

In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state, provincial, and local agencies may use various references, including

1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.

2. Specific policies of the state, provincial, or local agency.3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF†: NSF/ANSI 60,

Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects.

4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state, provincial, or local agency.

Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not

* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.‡ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,

DC 20418.



regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.

ANSI/AWWA C906 does not address additives requirements. Users of this standard should consult the appropriate state, provincial, or local agency having jurisdiction in order to

1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products

for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.3. Determine current information on product certification.

II. Special Issues.II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application. This standard presents

criteria related to the manufacture and purchase of polyethylene pressure pipe to be used in the distribution and transmission of potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water in either buried or aboveground applications. Pipe provided according to the provisions of this standard may also be suitable for insertion into existing pipelines for rehabilitation and for the transmission of other liquids.

II.B. Design and Installation Information. This standard describes the requirements for the production of pipe and fittings. This standard does not include information about PE pipe design and installation. AWWA Manual M55, PE Pipe—Design and Installation, provides detailed information on polyethylene materials and product manufacture, hydraulics, pressure rating, load design, heat fusion and mechanical joining, fittings, transportation, handling and storage, hydrotesting and commissioning, and maintenance and repairs. Purchasers may write specifications that exceed the requirements of this standard to accommodate a specific application. Consultation with PE pipe manufacturers is recommended for applications where the service temperature is greater than 100°F.

II.C. Emerging Potential for Performance Requirements Based on Oxidative Resistance Testing. Consistent with the practice of other pipe and material standards, strength ratings in this standard are not reduced for potential in-service degradation mechanisms such as internal or external corrosion and oxidation. Polyethylene pipe and fittings included in this standard are required to contain sacrificial antioxidants to prevent pipe oxidation in water and wastewater applications. This standard requires thermal stability testing to verify the presence of antioxidants in PE pipe compounds.



Oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions contribute to what is often called the “aging” of materials. “Oxidation” is the conventional term to describe the effect of oxidation–reduction reactions of plastic materials; “corrosion” is the conventional term for other materials. Variables associated with oxidation include pH, the concentration and type of oxidant(s) (oxidants used in water treatment include chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and others), and water temperature. Oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) is a measure of the oxidative aggressiveness of a solution expressed as a voltage (V, mV). The ORP measurement is affected by the parameters listed above and others; different combinations of the parameters could result in the same ORP value. ORP is not widely monitored or used by water utilities, but USEPA research is ongoing to further define the usefulness of ORP in water treatment.*

ASTM F2263 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe to Chlorinated Water was developed to assess long-term inter-nal oxidative stability of PE materials in potable water applications based on acceler-ated testing and modeling. ASTM F2263 results are useful for projecting the relative performance of various PE pipe compounds when carrying water described by a par-ticular ORP value.

ASTM F2263 is a test method and does not include minimum performance crite-ria. The committee recognizes that significant research is necessary to develop reliable models that correlate test results to service life for applications affected by ORP, tem-perature, pressure, pipe size, material formulation, and so on. The standards commit-tee deliberated including evaluation of PE pipe compounds by ASTM F2263 in this revision of ANSI/AWWA C906, but the committee recognizes that this is a lengthy test and that it cannot be required without reasonable notification to manufacturers.

Reliable service life projection for materials used in distribution, transmission, and collection systems is essential to asset management. The relationship of ORP to inter-nal corrosion and oxidation of water distribution and wastewater collection system pipe, coatings, fittings, valves, gaskets, and seals has not yet received the widespread attention of specification writers. The potential for oxidation of a PE pipe is influenced by many variables—including installation procedures and conditions—some of which are beyond the scope of this standard. Manufacturers should be consulted about anti-oxidant performance if there is concern about the suitability of PE pipe for a particu-lar application. The AWWA Standards Committee on Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and

* Lytle, Darren, USEPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, “Research Project: Relationship Between Redox Potential, Disinfectant, and pH in Drinking Water,” EPA/600/F-10/006, February 2010, p.1.



Fittings is hopeful that current and future research will validate test procedures and models that allow reliable estimates of the service life of PE pipe compounds relative to ORP, temperature, and pressure. If the research is successful, requirements based on testing in accordance with ASTM F2263 are likely to be part of the next revision of ANSI/AWWA C906.

III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered.

III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Some items in this standard are optional, requiring identification of the selected option(s) such as material type, color, and size. When specifying products described in this standard, the purchaser should provide specific information regarding the following:

1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C906, Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In. through 65 In. (100 mm Through 1,650 mm), for Waterworks, of latest edition.

2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects, is required.

3. Relevant details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Section 4.2.4).

4. When specifying pipe described in this standard, the purchaser should pro-vide specific information regarding the following:

a. Standard materials designation code for the PE material (Table 1).b. Color or color coding.c. Nominal size, OD basis (IPS, DIOD, or metric equivalent), DR, PC,

length of individual pieces, and total linear feet for each different item to be provided. For custom sizes, the purchaser should establish, in consultation with the pipe manu-facturer, the actual OD, the actual DR, and the actual wall thickness.

5. When specifying fittings described in this standard, the purchaser should provide specific information regarding the following:

a. Standard materials designation code for the PE material (Table 1).b. Description of fitting (e.g., tee, elbow, etc.), nominal size(s) at point of

fusion, whether molded or fabricated, and PC.6. Fusion joining: To ensure optimum efficiency of heat fusion or electrofusion,

the purchaser should request and comply with the recommended fusion parameters, recommended product and environmental conditions for joining, and documentation that these parameters and conditions have been validated by appropriate testing. If the



purchased piping is to be fused with existing PE piping, the purchaser should inform the manufacturer of the cell classification or materials designation code of the existing PE pipe (see Table 1 and ASTM* D3350) and obtain from the manufacturer a list of the validated fusion parameters that may be used to join the purchased piping to the existing piping. Additional fusion joining information is available in ASTM F2620; electrofusion joining information is available in ASTM F1290.

7. The following additional requirements may also be specified in the purchase contract:

a. Quality-assurance testing (Section 5).b. Plant inspection by purchaser (Sec. 5.7).c. Special markings (Sec. 6.1).d. Shipping (Sec. 6.2).e. Affidavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3).

III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.

IV. Major Revisions. This edition of ANSI/AWWA C906 is a comprehensive update and includes significant revisions and changes to all sections of the standard. Major changes in this revision include the following:

1. Title change: Increased range of sizes covered to 65 in. (1,650 mm) and changed “water distribution and transmission” to “waterworks.”

2. Sec. 1.1, Scope: Removed material designations made obsolete by changes to ASTM D3350 and replaced with current and new material designations.

3. Section 2, References: Added five ASTM standard references, reference to ANSI/AWWA standard, and reference to PPI TR-4. Deleted references to seven ANSI/AWWA standards and one ASTM standard and one AWWA report.

4. Section 3, Definitions: Revised definitions for design factor, dimension ratio, hydrostatic design basis, hydrostatic design stress, and pressure class. Added definitions for cracking, crazing, brittle failure, ductile failure, rework plastic, and virgin plastic.

5. Section 4, Requirements:a. Sec. 4.2: Revised material requirements to be consistent with new mate-

rial designations. Revised Table 1 and removed Table 2.b. Sec. 4.3: Revised workmanship; added custom sizes; revised tolerances;

revised toe-in; revised elevated-temperature sustained pressure test; revised Tables 2, 3,

* ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.



4, 5, 6, and 7; revised quick-burst test, bend-back test, elongation-at-break test, five-second pressure test, UV stabilization, melt flow rate, density, and ring-tensile test.

c. Sec. 4.4: Added materials; revised workmanship, dimensions and toler-ances, and physical requirements; removed backup rings footnote.

d. Deleted Sec. 4.5 and Sec. 4.6.6. Sec. 5.1 through Sec. 5.8 revised.7. Section 6, Delivery, revised.

a. Sec. 6.1 revised and added Table 5.b. Sec. 6.3 revised.

8. Various sections: Removed design and installation guidance covered in AWWA Manual M55, PE Pipe—Design and Installation.

9. Revision to include PE 2708, PE 3710, and PE 4710 compounds. This stan-dard is revised to include polymers that have demonstrated satisfactory service interna-tionally under the designation PE 100. Domestically, the ASTM designations PE 2708, PE 3710, and PE 4710 are used. These materials have been subjected to testing that meets or exceeds the requirements of PE 100 materials; the materials are sometimes referred to as PE 100+ materials. These materials have not been included in previous versions of ANSI/AWWA C906, which only addressed PE 2406, PE 3406, and PE 3408.

PE 2708, PE 3710, and PE 4710 can perform at higher long-term stresses than pre-vious compounds because they are more resistant to slow crack growth formation that leads to stress-related plastic pipe failure. This is achieved without a significant increase of yield strength. Increasing the strength of plastic is generally accompanied by loss of ductility, an important property for surge pressure resistance, fatigue, flexibility, and toughness. All PE compounds in this standard include an allowance for occasional surge of 100 percent of pressure class (PC) and 50 percent of pressure class for recur-ring surge. The minimum 5-second pressure rating (burst strength) by ASTM D1598 of all PE pipe and fittings covered by this standard is at least 3 times pressure class.

Three additional criteria are used to establish that materials will perform accept-ably at higher operating pressures:

• Ductility—the material must remain ductile under sustained stress through the 50-year intercept.

• Slow crack growth resistance—the minimum failure time under ASTM test method F1473 (PENT) has been increased from 100 hr to 500 hr.

• Performance reliability—the lower confidence limit of the projected average value of the material’s long-term hydrostatic strength by ASTM D2837 has been in-creased from 85 percent to 90 percent.



The material designations PE 2708, PE 3710, and PE 4710 are the only materials cov-ered by this standard that meet these requirements. This standard applies a 0.63 design factor to the hydrostatic design basis to determine hydrostatic design stress for PE 2708, PE 3710, and PE 4710 materials. This is consistent with global and domestic industry standards ANSI/AWWA C901, ASTM F714, ASTM D3035, ASTM D3350, and CSA B137.1, and gas standards ASTM D2513, ASTM F2619, API 15LE, CSA B137.4, and CSA Z662 (Clauses 12 and 13). The design factor for the other material designations listed in the standard remains 0.5.

Determination of reliable maximum sustained long-term hydrostatic strength rat-ings for thermoplastic pipe considers many factors. As the use of plastic pipe emerged in the mid-twentieth century, the need was recognized for a single authoritative resource, using consistent and appropriate methodologies, to determine strength rat-ings for thermoplastic pipe. Since 1961, recommendations for maximum long-term hydrostatic strength ratings of plastic pipe materials (e.g., PVC, CPVC, PE, PEX, and others) have been determined and issued by the Hydrostatic Stress Board (HSB) of the Plastics Pipe Institute. In keeping with other AWWA standards, maximum hydrostatic design strength ratings in this standard are consistent with the recommendations of the Hydrostatic Stress Board. Interested readers may obtain more information about Hydrostatic Stress Board policies and procedures through the Plastics Pipe Institute, Irving, Texas.

V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at [email protected].



AWWA Standard®

Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In. Through 65 In. (100 mm Through 1,650 mm), for Waterworks

SECTION 1: GENERAL

Sec. 1.1 ScopeThis standard describes polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe and fittings made

from materials conforming to standard PE materials designation codes PE 2606, PE 2706, PE 2708, PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, PE 4608, PE 4708, and PE 4710.* The pipe and fittings are primarily intended for use in transporting potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water in either buried or aboveground installations. The standard describes 12 dimension ratios (DRs) for nominal pipe and fitting sizes ranging from 4 in. through 65 in. (100 mm through 1,650 mm). Pipe and fitting

* Earlier editions of ANSI/AWWA C906 included PE material designations PE 2406, PE 3406, and PE 3408. Changes to ASTM D3350 and PPI TR-3 led to changes in thermoplastic materials designation codes, resulting in material designation PE 2406 being superseded by material designations PE 2606, PE 2706, and PE 2708; material designation PE 3406 being discontinued; and material designation PE 3408 being superseded by material designations PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, PE 4608, PE 4708 and PE 4710, with the most common designations being PE 2708, PE 3608, and PE 4710. Accordingly, material designations and descriptions for the superseded PE 2406, PE 3406, and PE 3408 designations have been removed from ANSI/AWWA C906. For removed designations, refer to previous editions of ANSI/AWWA C906, ASTM D3350, PPI TR-3, and PPI TR-4. The removal of superseded material designations does not affect pipelines that are in service, recognizing that a transitional period is necessary for the dissemination of information and to update specifications and the industry.

ANSI/AWWA C906-15(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C906-07)


Documents

Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In ... · This is a preview of "AWWA C906-2015". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store. YLLL assumed the responsibility