Polyhouse Technology 17.09.2010

POLYHOUSE POLYHOUSE TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

DR. N. S. TEKALEDR. N. S. TEKALE

Our diet constitutes cereals, pulses, fruits, and Our diet constitutes cereals, pulses, fruits, and vegetables. The majority of Indian population do vegetables. The majority of Indian population do not incorporate enough quantities of fruits and not incorporate enough quantities of fruits and vegetables in their regular diet and intake of vegetables in their regular diet and intake of food become imbalanced. food become imbalanced.

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VPM's Advanced Study Centre, Thane : P. G. Diploma in Gardening & Landscape Designing : Dr. N. S. Tekale

WHY POLYHOUSE TECHNOLOGY ?WHY POLYHOUSE TECHNOLOGY ?

The fruits and vegetables are missing in the diet of poor The fruits and vegetables are missing in the diet of poor

marginal Indian because of their overall shortagemarginal Indian because of their overall shortage Majority of farmers are not ready to shift their crop land to fruits Majority of farmers are not ready to shift their crop land to fruits

and vegetable cultivation, hence under such condition poly and vegetable cultivation, hence under such condition poly houses can be the only answer for this.houses can be the only answer for this.

We need promotion of fruits and vegetables cultivation for We need promotion of fruits and vegetables cultivation for financial support to the farmers and total food security to allfinancial support to the farmers and total food security to all

The poly house technologies are advanced in Israel, Holland, The poly house technologies are advanced in Israel, Holland, Spain, Italy, Kenya, South Africa, Japan and China. But Spain, Italy, Kenya, South Africa, Japan and China. But unfortunately much neglected in Indiaunfortunately much neglected in India

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India and Holland having more or less India and Holland having more or less same land under flower cultivation but same land under flower cultivation but in world’s flower export, Holland’s in world’s flower export, Holland’s contribution is 70% and India’s contribution is 70% and India’s contribution is just 1% or even less contribution is just 1% or even less because of advanced technology of because of advanced technology of poly houses in Holland. poly houses in Holland.

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1) Maharashtra is promoting poly house 1) Maharashtra is promoting poly house technology for cultivation of technology for cultivation of Gerbera ,Carnation , Roses,Anthurium and Gerbera ,Carnation , Roses,Anthurium and some Exotic vegetables some Exotic vegetables

2) About 1500 Poly houses of 5 2) About 1500 Poly houses of 5 Gunthas(5000Sq Feet) and 10 Gunthas(10000 Gunthas(5000Sq Feet) and 10 Gunthas(10000 Sq Feet) capacity are under production but still Sq Feet) capacity are under production but still farmers are not getting enough out put due to farmers are not getting enough out put due to lack of guidance from expert horticulturists lack of guidance from expert horticulturists

3)Banks are also reluctant to give finance 3)Banks are also reluctant to give finance because of unaware of knowledge in this field because of unaware of knowledge in this field 17.09.201

0 5VPM's Advanced Study Centre, Thane : P. G. Diploma in Gardening & Landscape

Designing : Dr. N. S. Tekale

Principle of polyhouse Principle of polyhouse

Growth and healthy production of plants Growth and healthy production of plants under controlled favorable conditions in under controlled favorable conditions in closed or partially closed space is called closed or partially closed space is called polyhouse. polyhouse. Polyhouse concept emerged to undertake Polyhouse concept emerged to undertake adverse environmental conditions such as adverse environmental conditions such as excess of raining, high temperature, excess of raining, high temperature, extreme cold condition, air flow etc.extreme cold condition, air flow etc.

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Advantages of poly houseAdvantages of poly house

1 ) 1 ) Protection from excess rainfall, wind current, scorching sunlight Protection from excess rainfall, wind current, scorching sunlight and and

extreme cold conditionsextreme cold conditions 2) It can be erected on unproductive soil 2) It can be erected on unproductive soil

3) 3) Under minimum space one can have maximum production of crop Under minimum space one can have maximum production of crop plantsplants4) 4) Humidity is maintained Humidity is maintained 5) 5) Efficient use of CO2Efficient use of CO26) 6) Minimum labor requirement Minimum labor requirement 7) 7) Minimum use of water and fertilizers Minimum use of water and fertilizers 8) 8) Maximum use of space Maximum use of space 9) 9) A single person can have control over thousands of plants A single person can have control over thousands of plants 10) 10) Diseases and pests can be controlled easily Diseases and pests can be controlled easily 11) 11) Water can be used economically Water can be used economically 12) 12) Production of crop throughout the year Production of crop throughout the year 13) 13) Protection from birds, animals and human activities Protection from birds, animals and human activities 14) 14) Labor cost is reduced Labor cost is reduced 15) 15) Quality of product is best Quality of product is best

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TYPES OF POLYHOUSESTYPES OF POLYHOUSES

1 Glass House1 Glass House 2 Shade Net2 Shade Net 3 Poly House3 Poly House

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CONDITIONS MAINTAINED IN OLYHOUSECONDITIONS MAINTAINED IN OLYHOUSE

There are five different types of There are five different types of environmental parameters maintained in environmental parameters maintained in a polyhouse. These are:a polyhouse. These are:

CO2CO2 TempTemp LightLight HumidityHumidity Air FlowAir Flow

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LIGHTLIGHT

Light: Light is a most critical factor for poly Light: Light is a most critical factor for poly house. The brightness of light is measured in house. The brightness of light is measured in LUX. For healthy growth of crop in poly house, LUX. For healthy growth of crop in poly house, minimum requirement of LUX is 50,000 to minimum requirement of LUX is 50,000 to 60,000. In India, light LUX varies from 40,000 to 60,000. In India, light LUX varies from 40,000 to 1,40, 000 hence in many parts of our country 1,40, 000 hence in many parts of our country such as Maharashtra, Karnataka, M.P. the such as Maharashtra, Karnataka, M.P. the sunlight is bright and has to be reduced by sunlight is bright and has to be reduced by using shed net. We can reduce sunlight 30%, using shed net. We can reduce sunlight 30%, 50%, 75%. The 50% shed net are common in 50%, 75%. The 50% shed net are common in India. India.

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THREE TYPES OF LIGHTTHREE TYPES OF LIGHT

Along with the LUX, the wavelength of Along with the LUX, the wavelength of light is also important. On the basis of light is also important. On the basis of wavelength,wavelength, Light is classified into three types Light is classified into three types Ultra violate light wavelength 0-400nmUltra violate light wavelength 0-400nmVisible light wavelength 400-700nmVisible light wavelength 400-700nmInfra light wavelength 700 onwardsInfra light wavelength 700 onwards

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From these three types, plants use From these three types, plants use only visible light for photosynthesis. only visible light for photosynthesis. In polyhouse technology light is In polyhouse technology light is controlled in such a way that plant controlled in such a way that plant receive maximum visible light and receive maximum visible light and remaining light get reflected back i.e. remaining light get reflected back i.e. outside the polyhouse outside the polyhouse

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TEMPRATURETEMPRATURE For flowers and vegetables healthy and For flowers and vegetables healthy and

maximum growth, the temp requirement is maximum growth, the temp requirement is between 26’C to 30’C during day time and between 26’C to 30’C during day time and 15’C to 18’C in night. The stele frame work 15’C to 18’C in night. The stele frame work of poly house is covered by polythene of poly house is covered by polythene hence inner temp. can rise up to 40’C. To hence inner temp. can rise up to 40’C. To control the temp inside the poly house, the control the temp inside the poly house, the ventilation as well as cooling pads and fans ventilation as well as cooling pads and fans are used. Because of this we can have are used. Because of this we can have continuous quality production of herbs continuous quality production of herbs throughout the year.throughout the year.

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HUMIDITYHUMIDITY

For flowers and vegetables, and their For flowers and vegetables, and their healthy and maximum growth, we should healthy and maximum growth, we should have proper humidity. Requirement of have proper humidity. Requirement of humidity for flower production is 65% to humidity for flower production is 65% to 80% and for vegetables it is 60% to 65% 80% and for vegetables it is 60% to 65% Because of controlled humidity plant Because of controlled humidity plant growth remain continue, flower grow growth remain continue, flower grow with attractive colors and after cutting, with attractive colors and after cutting, their shelf life also increases. Humidity their shelf life also increases. Humidity helps in color combination of herbs, helps in color combination of herbs, vegetable and flowers.vegetable and flowers.

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Carbon-Di-Oxide:Carbon-Di-Oxide: In our surrounding In our surrounding atmosphere CO2 conc. is 0.03% means atmosphere CO2 conc. is 0.03% means 300ppm. Plants use this CO2 for 300ppm. Plants use this CO2 for photosynthesis. In poly house, during night time photosynthesis. In poly house, during night time there is no photosynthesis but CO2 is given out there is no photosynthesis but CO2 is given out by respiration. This CO2 remain accumulated by respiration. This CO2 remain accumulated around plants hence in night compare to around plants hence in night compare to outside, polyhouse always have more CO2 outside, polyhouse always have more CO2 conc. This CO2 is again used by plants growing conc. This CO2 is again used by plants growing in poly house for rapid photosynthesis.in poly house for rapid photosynthesis.It has been proved that if poly house having It has been proved that if poly house having 1000ppm of CO2, then herbs, vegetables and 1000ppm of CO2, then herbs, vegetables and flower production increases to 4 to 5 times flower production increases to 4 to 5 times more compare to normal conditions.more compare to normal conditions.

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If humidity is more in polyhouse, then If humidity is more in polyhouse, then chances of diseases and pest increases. chances of diseases and pest increases. Under such condition, side vents of Under such condition, side vents of polyhouse are opened to promote wind polyhouse are opened to promote wind movement in polyhouse. Because of wind movement in polyhouse. Because of wind movement the humidity decreases and movement the humidity decreases and chances of diseases also reduced. chances of diseases also reduced.

WIND MOVEMENTWIND MOVEMENT

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TYPES OF POLYHOUSESTYPES OF POLYHOUSESUncontrolled : where only top part is covered well Uncontrolled : where only top part is covered well

(GH1(GH1

Partially controlled: where polyhouse have open Partially controlled: where polyhouse have open and closed window(GH2)and closed window(GH2)

Completely controlled :where windows are Completely controlled :where windows are absent. It is totally Computarized(GH3)absent. It is totally Computarized(GH3)

Polyhouses are also classified in to three typesPolyhouses are also classified in to three types Attached: When it is attached or supported by a Attached: When it is attached or supported by a

part of building or any type of constructed wallpart of building or any type of constructed wall Detached: when it is in free standing positionDetached: when it is in free standing position Connected: When several polyhouses are joined Connected: When several polyhouses are joined

together in a seriestogether in a series17.09.2010 21


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TYPES OF POLYHOUSESTYPES OF POLYHOUSES

Polyhouses have different shape and Polyhouses have different shape and sizes and on this basis they are sizes and on this basis they are classified in to three typesclassified in to three types

Barrel shapedBarrel shaped Ridges and furrow typeRidges and furrow type Saw tooth typeSaw tooth type

Shape and size varies according to the Shape and size varies according to the climatic conditions of the climatic conditions of the region/Countryregion/Country

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Selection of site for poly house: Selection of site for poly house:

Following things are taken into accountFollowing things are taken into account

1 1 The selection The selection Site should be free from pollution.Site should be free from pollution.

22 Water should be available regularlyWater should be available regularly

3.3. Supply of electricity (Three phase ) should be regularSupply of electricity (Three phase ) should be regular

4.4. Soil should be properly leveled and drained Soil should be properly leveled and drained

5 5 Poly house should be near to road side means proper Poly house should be near to road side means proper approachable road must be there to go to poly houseapproachable road must be there to go to poly house

66.. Some space should be there nearby for further Some space should be there nearby for further extensionextension

7 7 Expertise and labors should be available when Expertise and labors should be available when

required. required.

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Other Essential thingsOther Essential things

1. 1. Should have cool chamber (0’C) to Should have cool chamber (0’C) to accumulate and store the final product.accumulate and store the final product.2. Water pH should be between 5.5 to 7 & 2. Water pH should be between 5.5 to 7 & electric conductivity of water should be 0.01 electric conductivity of water should be 0.01 to 0.1to 0.1

3. 3. pH of soil should be between 5.5 to 6.5 pH of soil should be between 5.5 to 6.5 and electric conductivity 0.6 to 0.8and electric conductivity 0.6 to 0.8

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DIRECTION OF POLYHOUSEDIRECTION OF POLYHOUSE

Poly house should have light from all Poly house should have light from all sides and wind current should not sides and wind current should not damage the poly house. To overcome damage the poly house. To overcome these problems, Poly house should be these problems, Poly house should be preferably South-North in direction .preferably South-North in direction .

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Material used for shading: Material used for shading: After After construction of poly houses, it is covered construction of poly houses, it is covered by semitransparent sheet which can be a by semitransparent sheet which can be a poly film, Acrylic, polythene, or poly film, Acrylic, polythene, or polycarbonate material. Use of poly film polycarbonate material. Use of poly film is more profitable.is more profitable.

Poly film protect UV rays to enter in poly Poly film protect UV rays to enter in poly house, transparency is between 80% to house, transparency is between 80% to 9o%. Gauge varies 200 to 800 micron. 9o%. Gauge varies 200 to 800 micron. Poly film can tolerate 50’C and its life Poly film can tolerate 50’C and its life span is about three years. 1 kg poly film span is about three years. 1 kg poly film covers 5.38 sq m area of a poly house.covers 5.38 sq m area of a poly house.

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Preparation of soil:Preparation of soil:

For poly house, soil has to be prepared under For poly house, soil has to be prepared under strict supervision. First the floor is leveled strict supervision. First the floor is leveled properly and then raise beds are prepared using properly and then raise beds are prepared using red soil, fine sand and well decomposed cow red soil, fine sand and well decomposed cow dung or coco-pit. soil is disinfected using formalin dung or coco-pit. soil is disinfected using formalin solution and then used for growing the crops.solution and then used for growing the crops.Crops can be grown directly on the beds or in Crops can be grown directly on the beds or in pots. pots.

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IRRIGATION METHODSIRRIGATION METHODS

There are six different methods of irrigation as followsThere are six different methods of irrigation as follows1) Hand watering: Used for potted plants using Hose pipe 1) Hand watering: Used for potted plants using Hose pipe

and showerand shower2) Tube Method: Advanced and used for potted plant2) Tube Method: Advanced and used for potted plant3) Over head Sprinklers: Advanced in which Nozzles are 3) Over head Sprinklers: Advanced in which Nozzles are

mounted on risers. Good for ground beds. Sprinklers can mounted on risers. Good for ground beds. Sprinklers can also be in suspended position above the plantalso be in suspended position above the plant

4) Drip Irrigation: Also called ‘I’ Irrigation. In this method 4) Drip Irrigation: Also called ‘I’ Irrigation. In this method the water is given to potted plants by drip method at the water is given to potted plants by drip method at desired intervaldesired interval

5) Mist System: This system provide the water in the form 5) Mist System: This system provide the water in the form of very fine spray. The mists are produced from of very fine spray. The mists are produced from sprinklers fitted with nozzles having very fine nano poressprinklers fitted with nozzles having very fine nano pores

6)6) Polythene tubing: In this method the perforated plastic Polythene tubing: In this method the perforated plastic pipes are used to water the plants growing on the beds. pipes are used to water the plants growing on the beds. The polythene tubing can also be used between the rowsThe polythene tubing can also be used between the rows

Micronutrients are given through irrigation system Micronutrients are given through irrigation system Pesticides are used by spray methods or through Pesticides are used by spray methods or through irrigation irrigation 17.09.201

0 35VPM's Advanced Study Centre, Thane : P. G. Diploma in Gardening & Landscape

Designing : Dr. N. S. Tekale

Plants used in poly house technology arePlants used in poly house technology are::

Floriculture: Floriculture: Roses, Orchids, Gerbera, Aster, Lilies, Marigold,Roses, Orchids, Gerbera, Aster, Lilies, Marigold, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Anthurium etcCarnation, Chrysanthemum, Anthurium etc..

Vegetables: Vegetables: Mostly exotic such as Asparagus, Broccoli, Brussels, Mostly exotic such as Asparagus, Broccoli, Brussels, Sprouts, Squash (zucchini), Celery, Cherry-Tomato, Chinese Sprouts, Squash (zucchini), Celery, Cherry-Tomato, Chinese cabbage, Leek, Lettuce, Parsley etc.cabbage, Leek, Lettuce, Parsley etc.

Landscape Plants:Landscape Plants: And all types of shade loving plants or foliage And all types of shade loving plants or foliage plant which require minimum light for healthy growthplant which require minimum light for healthy growth

Polyhouse is also used for growing the seedling and hardening of Polyhouse is also used for growing the seedling and hardening of tissue culture plantstissue culture plants

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ECONOMICSECONOMICS Each poly house of 5 Guntha cost about 5 lacksEach poly house of 5 Guntha cost about 5 lacks Central Govt. Aid is 1 lack, Subsidiary from Central Govt. Aid is 1 lack, Subsidiary from

Govt. of Maharashtra Rs. 60,000Govt. of Maharashtra Rs. 60,000Bank loan Rs -3, 40,000Bank loan Rs -3, 40,000

Interest rate 8 %Interest rate 8 %Entire cost gets recovered in first two years of Entire cost gets recovered in first two years of production.production.

Erection of poly house requires minimum 3 Erection of poly house requires minimum 3 months.months.

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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

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Documents

Polyhouse Technology 17.09.2010