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Rjpui`tkje Daeskty `ed Daojhr`pmy jc tma @sk`e Aiapm`et

(Aiapm`s o`xkous) durkeh tma Ckrst Xat \a`sje `t tma

F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg, \jutmare Kedk`.

@vke`sm Grksme`e

@uhust 6206

Rjst-Hr`du`ta Rrjhr`ooa ke Xkidikca O`e`haoaet & Ljesarv`tkje

Laetra cjr Xkidikca @ssassoaet & Ljesarv`tkje

Qekvarskty jc Va`dkeh

Xmktagekhmts L`opus

Va`dkeh VH3 3Q@Fargsmkra, Qektad Gkehdjo.

7/27/2019 Population Density and Demography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the First Wet Season at the

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DALI@V@TKJE

Tma d`t` jutikead ke tmks study wara ljiialtad fy oysaic `ed twj vjiuetaars durkeh @prki-Nuiy

6206. Tmasa `ra ljop`rad wktm skoki`r d`t` ljiialtad prkjr tj tmks d`ta fy S`ro` at `i. (622;)7

d`t` crjo tmks study m`s faae raprjdulad ke tmks tmasks cjr ljop`r`tkva purpjsas.

@ii tma pmjtjhr`pms jc aiapm`ets prasaetad ke tmks study m`va faae ljpyrkhmtad fy tma

rasa`rlmar mkosaic `ed mjid ej raljrds `eywmara jr ke `ey jtmar oadkuo.

K dali`ra tm`t tma tmasks aetktiad, Rjpui`tkje daeskty `ed daojhr`pmy jc tma @sk`e aiapm`et

(Aiapm`s o`xkous) durkeh tma ckrst wat sa`sje `t tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg, \jutmare

Kedk` ljoprksas jc tma rasa`rlm wjrg djea fy oa uedar tma hukd`ela jc Dr. Rmki N F`gar

crjo tma Qekvarskty jc Va`dkeh `ed ke tma lj-hukd`ela jc Dr. Hjp`i`grksme` \R crjo @

Vjlm` Kedk`. R`rt jc tmks wjrg, wmklm ks skoki`r jr rai`tad tj pravkjusiy djea studkas m`va

faae racarrad ketj tma tmasks `t `pprjprk`ta kest`elas.

Tma rasuits prasaetad ke tmks tmasks m`va ejt faae sufokttad pravkjusiy tj tmks jr `ey jtmar

uekvarskty cjr `e O.\l jr `ey jtmar aqukv`iaet dahraa.

@vke`sm Grksme`eRjst Hr`du`ta \tudaetXkidikca O`e`haoaet & Ljesarv`tkje (6200-6206)Qekvarskty jc Va`dkehXmktagekhmts L`opusVa`dkeh VH3 3Q@FargsmkraQektad Gkehdjo`.grksme`eBstudaet.ra`dkeh.`l.ug

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Ljetaets

R`ha Ej.

@fstr`lt.................................................................................................................. 0

Ikst jc ckhuras `ed t`fias........................................................................................ 6

Ketrjdultkje............................................................................................................ Ikea tr`esalt dueh ljuet cjr aiapm`et daeskty.................. ... 04 @pprj`lm 6> @ha `ed sax li`sskckl`tkje jc aiapm`ets....................................0= @pprj`lm Kdaetkckl`tkje `ed raljhektkje jc keduvkdu`i aiapm`ets............ 66

Dkslusskje............................................................................................................... 63

@lgejwiadhaoaets................................................................................................

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0

@F\TV@LT

Tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg ks tma i`st rao`kekeh slruf cjrasts ijl`tad ke tma A`stareHm`ts jc \jutmare Kedk`. Tma p`rg ks rai`tkvaiy so`ii wmae ljop`rad tj kts i`rha daeskty jc

@sk`e Aiapm`ets. Dua tj tmks tae`lkty jc aiapm`ets eakhmfjurkeh vkii`has succar daprad`tkjes

l`usad ke taros jc muo`e-`eko`i ljeciklt `ed lrjp ijssas. Tma Cjrast Dap`rtoaet m`s faae

kestruoaet`i ke oktkh`tkeh tmks avar parskstaet ljeciklt fut m`s faae keaccaltkva ke `ddrasskeh

tma eaads jc tma cjrast dwaiikeh ljoouektkas `ed ljesarvkeh tma fkjdkvarskty jc tma `ra`

cjstarkeh `e kooadk`ta eaad jc ljoouekty f`sad ljesarv`tkje. Aiapm`ets succar savar`i

fkjtkl prassuras sulm `s m`fkt`t ijss, qu`rry, s`ed okekeh `ed aialtrjlutkje da`tms. Tmks

l`usas ` eah`tkva kop`lt je tma pjpui`tkje `s saialtkva o`ias `ra jctae gkiiad `s tmay

craquaetiy r`kd lrjp i`eds. Tma fam`vkjur p`ttares suhhast tm`t tmasa aiapm`ets usa tma p`rg `s

` d`y tkoa racuha tj r`kd lrjps durkeh tma ekhmt. \tudykeh tma pjpui`tkje strultura wktm waii

`ssjlk`tad daeskty `ed daojhr`pmkl p`r`oatars ke lrulk`i crjo ` ljesarv`tkje parspaltkva,

aspalk`iiy cjr o`ia aiapm`ets. @ppikl`tkje `ed tastkeh jc dkccaraet slkaetkckl talmekquas wktm

lijsa ljop`rksje wktm pravkjus studkas ke ` iass studkad i`edsl`pa ikga F`eearhm`tt`, ks

pkvjt`i cjr rjfust astko`tas jc aiapm`et euofars ke tma p`rg. Aiapm`et pjpui`tkjes wara

astko`tad uskeh dkralt (vksu`i l`ptura) `ed kedkralt (aiapm`et dueh ljuet) oatmjds jc

ljuetkeh aiapm`ets. Tma d`t` ykaidad skhekckl`et rasuits `ddkeh v`iua tj pravkjus studkas fut

dapkltkeh skhekckl`etiy mkhmar euofars ke taros jc pjpui`tkje skza, daeskty `ed sax r`tkjs jc

aiapm`ets ke tmks p`rg. Kt w`s ljeliudad tm`t aiapm`et daeskty saaoad jvar astko`tad fut

prjvad `s ` hjjd kedkl`tjr cjr pjpui`tkje lm`ehas jvar ` ijehar parkjd jc tkoa. Tmasa

lm`ehas l`e fa `ttrkfutad tj sa`sje`i keciux jc okhr`tjry aiapm`ets dua tj sl`rlkty jc w`tar

`ed jtmar rasjurlas jr tma ljkelkdaela jc tma study durkeh tma drkvkeh jpar`tkjes jc aiapm`ets

okhmt m`va `itarad tma kecjro`tkje ljiialtad.

Gay wjrds> @sk`e aiapm`et, pjpui`tkje daeskty, daojhr`pmy, F`eearhm`tt`, A`stare Hm`ts

Ljvar pkltura> @vke`sm Grksme`e (6206)

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IK\T JC CKHQVA\ & T@FIA\

Ckhura 0> O`p jc m`fkt`t ljetkhukty `ed ijl`tkje jc tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg.

Ckhura 6> Tr`kekeh `ed L`p`lkty fukidkeh durkeh tma @ii-Kedk` \yelmrjeksad Aiapm`et Laesus

6206.

Ckhura Rmjtjhr`pmkeh craa r`ehkeh aiapm`ets cjr `ha li`sskckl`tkje.

Ckhura 4> Rrjf`fkikty jc dataltkeh dueh pkias `lrjss dkccaraet dkst`ela li`ssas, (02o

lut jcc) cjr @eag`i r`eha.

Ckhura 1> Rrjf`fkikty jc dataltkeh dueh pkias `lrjss dkccaraet dkst`ela li`ssas, (02o

lut jcc) cjr F`eearhm`tt` r`eha.

Ckhura 3> Rrjf`fkikty jc dataltkeh dueh pkias `lrjss dkccaraet dkst`ela li`ssas, (02o

lut jcc) cjr @eag`i r`eha.

Ckhura 8> Rmjtjhr`pms dapkltkeh dkccaraet `ha li`ssas jc aiapm`ets.

Ckhura => Rarlaet`ha dapkltkje jc dkccaraet `ha li`ssas jc aiapm`ets ke F`earhm`tt`.

Ckhura ;> Rarlaet`ha dapkltkje jc dkccaraet sax li`ssas jc aiapm`ets ke F`eearhm`tt`.

Ckhura 02> Kdaetkcl`tkje pi`tas f`sad je ojrpmjijhkl`i lm`r`ltarkstkls cjr @duit O`ia

aiapm`et.

Ckhura 00> Kdaetkcl`tkje pi`tas f`sad je ojrpmjijhkl`i lm`r`ltarkstkls cjr @duit

Cao`ia aiapm`et.

T`fia 0> @ha li`sskckl`tkje astko`tad f`sad je makhmt.

T`fia 6> Oa`e aiapm`et `ed dueh daeskty astko`tad, `t ` lut jcc wkdtm jc 02o cjr tmraa

dkccaraet r`ehas ke F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg.

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(S`ro` `ed \uguo`r 0;;1)

A ? [ x r / D

Xmara7

A? Aiapm`et daeskty/go6

[? Daeskty jc dueh pkias/ go6

r ? Dueh dal`y r`ta/d`y

D? Dacal`tkje r`ta/d`y

Tma iaehtm jc tma tr`esalt ikeas wara `isj oa`surad ke tma study. @t avary 12o jc tma ikea `

t`iiy o`rg w`s keliudad. Tmaracjra a`lm ikea m`d `lljuetad cjr 42 keduvkdu`i uekts. Tma HR\

ra`dkeh `t tma st`rt pjket tj aed pjket wara `isj `lljuetad tj wkteass tma dkstrkfutkje jc ikeas

i`kd `lrjss tma p`rg. Ojst djoke`et traa spalkas wara `ii raljrdad tj dapklt tma vahat`tkje

typa ke tma surrjuedkeh i`edsl`pa. Xa`tmar p`ttares `ed jtmar fkjtkl c`ltjrs wara `isj

l`ilui`tad tj `slart`ke tmks study.

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;

Tma dueh dal`y r`ta 2.202< (\A?2.220) (S`ro` 0;;1) `ed Oa`e dacal`tkje r`ta ? 03. Tr`kekeh `ed L`p`lkty fukidkeh cjr cjrast w`tlmars, hu`rds `ed vjiuetaars je li`sskckl`tkje jc craa

r`ehkeh aiapm`ets cjr tma @ii-Kedk` \yelmrjeksad aiapm`et laesus 6206.

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02

\jurla> O`evk V`j (6206)

@sk`e aiapm`ets l`e fa li`sskckad ketj 4 `ha li`ssas je tma f`sks jc `ha, (\uguo`r 0;=;)

e`oaiy L`ic (2-6ya`rs), Nuvaekia (6-1ya`rs), suf-`duit (1-01ya`rs) `ed `duit (501ya`rs) `ed

l`e fa li`sskckad ketj sax hrjups f`sad je makhmt tkii tma smjuidar `ed ojrpmjijhkl`i

dkccaraelas ikga tma prasaela jr `fsaela jc tusgs/tusmas. Ke tma l`sa jc l`ivas `ed O`gme`7

tusgiass `duit o`ia aiapm`etljuidet fa saxad. Xmkia li`sskcykeh aiapm`ets ke tma wkid ke

jpae cjrast sp`las ikga w`tar mjias, f`ofjj tmklgats, v`iiays `ed tmklg vahat`tkje ks wmae

kdaetkckl`tkje jc keduvkdu`is faljoas lm`iiaehkeh `ed axlaadkehiy `rdujus tj ijl`ta skhmtad

keduvkdu`is (S`ro` 622;), maela ` pr`ltkl`i `pprj`lm f`sad je makhmt w`s raikad upje tj

astko`ta wktm racaraela tj ea`rfy jfnalts `ed makhmt jc jtmar oaofars jc tma mard tj strultura

tma keduvkdu`is. @ st`ed`rd makhmt sl`ia w`s usad ke kdaetkcykeh tma keduvkdu`is. (T`fia 0)

\i. Ej @ha \trultura Makhmt `t smjuidar wkdtm (ct)

0 @duit cao`ia / @duit o`ia 5 8ct / 5 =ct

6 \uf-`duit cao`ia / \uf-`duit o`ia 5 1-8ct / 1 - =ct

< Nuvaekia cao`ia / Nuvaekia o`ia 54 - 1ct / 51 - =ct

4 L`ic ? < - 4ct

1 O`gme` 5 =ct

T`fia 0> @ha li`sskckl`tkje astko`tad f`sad je makhmt

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00

Ke `ra`s jc aiapm`et mjt spjts `ed iass cjrast ljvars pmjtjhr`pmy jc keduvkdu`is w`s gay ke

ue`ofkhujus kdaetkckl`tkje. Ojst aeljuetars wara dkst`et tj tma jfsarvar maela pmjtjhr`pms

waraet raik`fia aejuhm cjr lia`r li`sskckl`tkje maela vksu`i li`sskckl`tkje uskeh fkejlui`rs

wara usad tj okekoksa tma `ofkhukty. Rmjtjhr`pms wara t`gae uskeh ` D\IV L`eje 12D `ed

` zjjo iaes 81- O`evk V`j

Kdaetkckl`tkje je vksu`i p`r`oatars jc dkst`et keduvkdu`is ` Fusmeaii =x42 fkejlui`r w`s usad.

Qpje skhmtkeh `e aiapm`et tma HR\ ra`dkeh jc tma `ra`, ijl`tkje `ed djoke`et traa spalkas

wara raljrdad tj astko`ta aiapm`et mkt r`tas je ` tjpjhr`pmkl o`p. O`xkouo aiapm`et

aeljuetars wara `lmkavad wmkist drkvkeh `ijeh h`oa rj`ds `ed ea`r w`tarmjias, aem`elad fy

wkraiass kecjro`tkje p`ssad fy tma fa`t hu`rds jc dkccaraet r`ehas. Aiapm`ets wara

pmjtjhr`pmad `t st`has jc kts `e`tjokl`i strulturas sulm `s ma`d smjts, tusgs ke l`sa jc o`ias,

a`r smjts, skda ci`egs `ed ra`r fjdy tj ijl`ta tma t`ki frusm typa tj `kd li`sskckl`tkje `ed

keduvkdu`i raljhektkje. Aiapm`et mards wara cjiijwad tkii tma pmjtjhr`pmkl raqukraoaets wara

`lmkavad. Tma jfsarvar pjsktkjead mkosaic je w`tlm tjwars, traas, famked fusmas `ed ke tma

ojtjr vamklia tj hat lijsa up, vary dackead `ed lia`r pmjtjhr`pms jc aiapm`et.

Ckhura Rmjtjhr`pmkeh craa r`ehkeh aiapm`ets cjr `ha

li`sskckl`tkje.

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O`njrkty jc ckaid wjrg w`s djea uskeh ` ojtjr vamklia jr fy cjjt. @e axliuskva d`t` smaat cjr

raljrdkeh daojhr`pmy jc aiapm`ets w`s usad wmkist ljedultkeh tmks study. (@ppaedkx 6)

Kdaetkckl`tkje `ed raljhektkje jc keduvkdu`i aiapm`ets

Aiapm`ets l`e fa kdaetkckad f`sad je savar`i ojrpmjijhkl`i lm`r`ltarkstkls. \avar`i studkas ke

tma p`st je tma @crkl`e Aiapm`ets dapklt tm`t aiapm`ets keduvkdu`i dkccar crjo a`lm jtmar

f`sad je ca`turas jc tma a`r, tusg, cjrama`d, full`i l`vkty, t`ki frusm `ed jtmar uekqua

o`rgkehs je tma fjdy. (Ojss 0;;37 Djuhmi`s-M`okitje 0;817 S`ro` 0;=;)

Xktm tma @sk`e aiapm`ets a`lm jc tma `fjva oaetkjead l`tahjrkas wara suf li`sskckad `s

cjiijws> Tusgs (ljevarhaet, dkvarhaet, p`r`iiai, aqu`i, ueaqu`i, str`khmt `ed frjgae), cjrama`d

`ed full`i l`vkty (daprasskje jr fuiha), T`ki iaehtm (`egia, geaa jr tja) (S`ro` at `i. 622;).

@ uekqua pmjtjhr`pmkl pi`ta wktm tkoa jc tma d`y, hrjup skza, ijl`tkje `ed HR\ ra`dkeh jc

avary skhmtkeh w`s raljrdad tj v`ikd`ta tma rasuits `ed tj `dd ojra dkoaeskje. @ rjfust

astko`ta jc aiapm`et euofars l`e fa haear`tad uskeh hjjd pmjtjhr`pmkl avkdaela, aspalk`iiy

cjr `duit o`ia aiapm`ets jr fuiis. \ulm pmjtj djluoaet`tkje l`e `kd tr`lkeh aiapm`et

ojvaoaet ke `ed jut jc cjrast `ra`s wmklm l`e maip o`e`haoaet str`tahkas tj okekoksa

pj`lmkeh `ed ljeciklt. (Hjsw`ok 6223)

\koki`riy rjhua aiapm`ets tm`t craquaetiy r`kd lrjps l`e `isj fa kdaetkckad uskeh tmks

pmjtjhr`pmkl hukda aspalk`iiy `kdkeh tma o`e`haoaet jc `duit o`ia aiapm`ets. L`ptura-

ral`ptura talmekquas wara usad tj astko`ta tma craquaely jc keduvkdu`i skhmtkeh `ed savar`i

o`ia-`iik`elas wara `isj pmjtjhr`pmad tj uedarst`ed tma dye`okls jc o`ia aiapm`ets tm`t

ljetrkfuta tj ` vk`fia haea pjji. Je tma jtmar m`ed kc tma study parkjd ks jvar ` ijehar

dur`tkje `ed tma study `ra` ks tjj so`ii tj keliuda tma ejro`i r`ehkeh `ed ojvaoaet p`ttares

jc tma study `eko`i kt faljoas dkcckluit tj `ssuoa lijsura. (Hjsw`ok 6223)

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0 Ikea tr`esalt dueh ljuet cjr aiapm`et daeskty

@ tjt`i jc 08 ikea tr`esalts wara s`opiad crjo < dkccaraet r`ehas jc tma F`eearhm`tt`

E`tkje`i R`rg. F`eearhm`tt`, @eag`i `ed M`rjm`iik r`ehas m`d raljrdad avkdaela jc 62=, 0=1

`ed 022 dueh pkias raspaltkvaiy. Duehs wara li`sskckad f`sad je tma cjiijwkeh l`tahjrkas

(Sary Crasm ? pravkjus ekhmt, Crasm ? 0-< d`ys, Jid ? 4-8 d`ys `ed Sary jid ? ojra tm`e 8

d`ys). Tma ojst pradjoke`et st`ta jc dueh durkeh tmks study w`s Sary Jid (SJ).

Tma dacal`tkje r`ta/d`y 03. @eag`i

Ojdai saialtad ? Eah`tkva axpjeaetk`i wktm pjiyejok`i `dnustoaet (Jrdar =)> @KL v`iua>

323.236=0

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01

Ckhura 4> Rrjf`fkikty jc dataltkeh dueh pkias `lrjss dkccaraet dkst`ela li`ssas, (02o lut

jcc) cjr @eag`i r`eha.

Aiapm`et daeskty ? (8=40.8 * 2.2024) / 03.

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03

Ke ` tjt`i r`eha `ra` jc 4 82.8 - 446.= aiapm`ets)

V`eha M`rjm`iik

Ojdai saialtad ? Eah`tkva axpjeaetk`i (@KL v`iua> Rrjf`fkikty jc dataltkeh dueh pkias `lrjss dkccaraet dkst`ela li ssas, (02o lut jcc) cjr

M`rjm`iik r`eha.

Aiapm`et daeskty ? (0004.4 * 2.2024) / 03.

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08

\i Ej. V`eha Lut jcc

Xkdtm

(o)

Oa`e dueh

daeskty/go6

\t`ed`rd

Arrjr (\A)

Oa`e

Aiapm`et

Daeskty/go6

;1% LK

Ijwar Qppar

ikokt ikokt

0 @eag`i 02 8=40.8 0=4.8 4.;; 404.1 04=4=

6 M`rjm`iik 02 0004.4

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0=

@pprj`lm 6> @ha `ed sax li`sskckl`tkjes jc aiapm`ets

@ii tma keduvkdu`is tm`t wara skhmtad durkeh tma study w`s li`sskckad ketj 4 sax li`ssas vkz.,

@duit O`ia / \uf-@duit O`ia / Nuvaekia O`ia, @duit Cao`ia/ \uf-`duit Cao`ia / Nuvaekia

Cao`ia `ed L`ic. Qekdaetkckad keduvkdu`is `ed l`ivas wara ejt saxad fut raljrdad.

(Ckhura 8> Rmjtjhr`pmkl kiiustr`tkje jc dkccaraet `ha li`ssas> @, F, L, D, A, C, H)

\jurla> @vke`sm Grksme`e (6206)

@ F L

D A C

H

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0;

Ckhura 8> Kdaetkckl`tkje Ri`tas7 @> @duit O`ia aiapm`et (da-pkhoaet`tkje `ed cjidkeh jc tma a`r, tmklgeass jc

tma tusg, `ed suegae taopjr`i hi`eds, dapklt `ha lm`r`ltarkstkls aqukv`iaet tj `e `duit o`ia aiapm`et) F> \uf-

`duit o`ia aiapm`et (sikhmt da-pkhoaet`tkje `ed cjidkeh jc a`rs, iass tmklg `ed so`iiar tusgs, ejt vary suegae

taopjr`i hi`eds, smjrtar ke makhmt) L> Nuvaekia O`ia (f`lg cjidkeh jc tma a`r, ej da-pkhoaet`tkje, skza jc tma

tusg `ed cjrama`d jc tma `eko`i ks ke ikea wktm tma `duits faiiy. D> @duit Cao`ia (da-pkhoaet`tkje `ed cjidkeh jc

tma a`r, suegae taopjr`i hi`eds, `fsaela jc tusgs) A> \uf-`duit cao`ia (sikhmt da-pkhoaet`tkje ea`r a`r tkps,iass cjidkeh jc a`rs, taopjr`i hi`d iass suegae) C> Nuvaekia cao`ia (f`lg cjid `ed ej da-pkhoaet`tkje jc tma a`r,

iass jr ej daprasskje ke tma taopjr`i hi`ed) H> L`ic (pa`g jc l`ic uedar tma `duits faiiy) (S`ro` at `i. 622;)

@ tjt`i jc 6; skhmtkehs jc 01; keduvkdu`is, ljeskdarkeh ` dkccaraet keduvkdu`i skhmtad `t hkvae

tkoa `ed sp`la jc tma study w`s raljrdad. @ctar curtmar `e`iysks uskeh pmjtjhr`pmkl avkdaela

`ed stap wksa aikoke`tkjes tj raojva tma `ofkhukty jc djufia ljuets `ed aikoke`tkeh

craquaet skhmtkehs jc ljooje aiapm`ets, ` tjt`i jc 01 skhmtkehs jc =; keduvkdu`is wara

`rrkvad `t.

Crjo tma (Ckhura =) kt w`s avkdaet tm`t `duits ljetrkfuta tj tma o`njr li`ss ( Tma parlaet`ha dapkltkje jc dkccaraet `ha li`ssas jc aiapm`ets ke F`eearhm`tt`

@duit djoke`tad pjpui`tkjes `ra ojst ljooje ke ea`rfy aiapm`et rasarvas sulm `s

E`h`rmjia E`tkje`i R`rg (4

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Tma jllurraela jc iassar euofar suf-`duits `ed ojra nuvaekias ks ` p`ttare tm`t eaads tj fa

`e`iysad curtmar `s kt o`y parm`ps `lljuet tj tma raprjdultkva p`ttares `ed l`ivkeh r`tas jc

tma spalkas.

Crjo tma =3 keduvkdu`is tm`t wara saxad (axliudkeh tma l`ivas, Tma parlaet`ha dapkltkje jc dkccaraet sax li`ssas jc aiapm`ets ke F`eearhm`tt`

Tma rasuits dapklt tma `duit cao`ias (

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s`oa i`edsl`pa wmara kt w`s cjued tj fa 0>6.8 (S`ro` at `i. 622;). Mjwavar tma `duit o`ia

tj `duit cao`ia r`tkj durkeh tma wat sa`sje ks gejwe tj `rrkva `t 0>< (@e`ed at `i. 6200)

Ojst jc tma aiapm`et aeljuetars wara ljeckead jea rahkje jc tma e`tkje`i p`rg vkz.

F`eearhm`tt` V`eha (02 raljrdkehs jc 80 keduvkdu`i aiapm`ets). Tma `var`ha hrjup skza jc

tma pjpui`tkje w`s cjued tj fa

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O`njrkty jc tma aiapm`ets jc wara skhmtad `t ` fa`t (so`iiar rahkjes wktmke ` r`eha, cjr

`dokekstr`tkva purpjsas) jr ` oklrj m`fkt`t e`oad Tm`tkhuppa (4.< aiapm`ets/go6) (S`ro`

at `i. 622;) faijehkeh tj tma F`eearhm`tt` V`eha jc tma e`tkje`i p`rg. Tmks rahkje ljoprksas

jc v`iiays, i`rha w`tar mjias, daesa f`ofjj vahat`tkje `ed ea`rfy lrjppkeh c`ros prjvad

kda`i cjr aiapm`et kem`fkt`tkje. (S`ro` at `i. 622;)

@pprj`lm Kdaetkckl`tkje `ed raljhektkje jc keduvkdu`i aiapm`ets

Aiapm`ets tm`t wara skhmtad wara keduvkdu`i o`rgad f`sad je ojrpmjijhkl`i uekquaeass. Kc

`ii jc tmasa jr aktmar jea jc tma lm`r`ltarkstkls t`gae ketj `lljuet djas ejt o`tlm `e

keduvkdu`i ks ljeskdarad ejt skoki`r.

Aiapm`ets wara li`sskckad `lljrdkeh tj dao`rl`tkeh ca`turas f`sad je sm`pa/cjids jc tma a`r,

strultura jc tma aya, iaehtm jc tma t`ki/frusm typa, ojrpmjijhy jc tma tusgs `ed jtmar uekqua

o`rgkehs. @ ljop`rksje jc twj `duit o`ias `ed `duit cao`ias wara djea tj dapklt keduvkdu`i

raljhektkje. (Ckhura 02@ `ed 02F) / Ckhura (00@ `ed 00F)

Ckhura ;@> @e `duit o`ia aiapm`et (\@O) skhmtad `t tma Ckhura ;F> @e `duit o`ia aiapm`et (FMAAO@)

Mulme`gueta w`tar mjia, ke tma F`eearhm`tt`. skhmtad `t \`dh`i f`yiu `ra` ke tma @eag`i.

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6 Tusg ljevarhaet, sikhmtiy tmklg, sm`rp, f`i`elad @> Aya lia`r `ed jpae

F> Ra`g ojra prjejuelad, mkhm `ed fjey F> Cjrama`d prjtrudkeh `ed fuihad

L> A`r (V) sikhmtiy pkhoaetad, cjrw`rd ijfad L> Ra`g iass prjejuelad, ijw, sijpy f`lg

D> T`ki iaehtm tkii `egia, cuii frusm, cksm-t`ki D> A`r ej pkhoaet`tkje, ej cjids, kew`rd luts

A> A`r (I) sikhmtiy pkhoaetad, sarr`tad, cjids A> Tusgs dkvarhaet, tmklg, p`r`iiai, fiuet,

lmkppad

C> T`ki iaehtm tkii geaa, frusm, pkh-t`ki

H> Qekqua o`rgs> swaiikeh je tma iact cjraiah

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Ckhura 02@> @e `duit cao`ia aiapm`et (FG0) skhmtad `t tma Ckhura 02F> @e `duit cao`ia aiapm`et (FG6)Fat`d`gara w`tarmjia ke F`eearhm`tt`. skhmtad `t Fat`d`gara w`tarmjia ke F`eearhm`tt`

@ F @ F

L D A L D A

KDAETKCL@TKJE O@VG\ KDAETKCKL@TKJE O@VG\

@> T`ki geaa iaehtm, cuii frusm @> T`ki `egia iaehtm, oadkuo frusm, cksm-t`ki

F> Ra`g oadkuo `ed uefrjgae F> Ra`g mkhm `ed uefrjgae

L> A`rs m`ic da-pkhoaetad `ed tjre L> A`rs cjidad, ej da-pkhoaet`tkje

D> Aya lia`r `ed cuii fusm i`smas D> Euoarjus fuihas je rkhmt ci`eg

A> Rrjtrudkeh o`oo`ry hi`eds A> Aya lia`r oadkuo fusm i`smas

@ii kdaetkckl`tkje pi`ta pmjtjhr`pms/ko`ha ojrpms> @vke`sm Grksme`e (6206)

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@ii jtmar `ha li`ssas jc aiapm`ets wara li`sskckad uskeh tma `fjva oaetkjead ca`turas. Maela

`ey keduvkdu`i wktmke tma s`oa `ha li`ssas ljuid fa kdaetkckad `ed li`sskckad f`sad je tmasa

dkccaraelas. L`ivas ljuidet fa lia`riy kdaetkckad `s skhmtkeh tmao prjvad tj fa ra`iiy

ljespklujus `s tmakr prasaela ke mards w`set lia`r aejuhm tj m`va vksu`i dackektkjes tm`t

ljuid fa ejtad. Maela ke ` faikac tm`t kc tma jtmar oaofars jc tma mard wara dkccaraet tma

l`ivas skhmtad wara `isj dkccaraet `ed ljeskdarad tj fa ` eaw keduvkdu`i.

\kela tma `ha `ed sax jc tma l`ivas `ed tma `ha jc tma ljws wara ejt astko`tad. Tma sax r`tkjs

`ed caluedkty r`tas ljuidet fa lia`riy ast`fiksmad. Je ` ljop`r`tkva ejta tm`t skela tma `duit

o`ia tj cao`ia sax r`tkjs jc aiapm`ets ke tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg w`s `rrkvad `t 0>6.8

(S`ro` at `i. 622;) wmklm skopiy oa`es tm`t tmara ks ` hjjd f`i`ela ke tma `duit o`ia

pjpui`tkje ke tma p`rg wmklm l`e fa mypjtmasksad tm`t l`ivas fjre tj ojtmars jc `e `ha

fr`lgat jc 62-42 ya`rs hkva fkrtm tj ojra o`ia l`ivas ke l`ptkva ljedktkjes. (\uguo`rat `i.

0;;8)

Durkeh ojektjrkeh jc pjpui`tkje `ed daojhr`pmkl p`r`oatars ` fam`vkjur `spalt w`s ejtad

tm`t ojtmars jr ljws wmklm m`d eawiy fjre l`ivas wara ijl`tad `ed ra skhmtad jctae ke tma

s`oa `ra`. Mards wjuidet t`ga tma rksg ke vaeturkeh jut tjj oulm `s kt wjuid c`tkhua tma

eawiy fjre `ed `isj w`s p`rt jc ` dacaela str`tahy tj ksji`ta yjueh jeas crjo w`edarkeh

o`ias `ed jtmar stjlm`stkl dksturf`elas. Je `e`iyskeh tmakr raskdaela tkokehs kt w`s avkdaet

tm`t aiapm`ets pracar `ra`s tm`t m`d ojra iavais jc cjr`ha, sm`da `ed smaitar. (@e`ed at `i.

6200)

Ke ljeliuskje kt w`s astko`tad tm`t djoke`tad `ha li`ss jc aiapm`ets ke tma p`rg w`s

`ttrkfutad tj `duit cao`ias (ke mards) cjiijwad fy `duit o`ia aiapm`ets (sjikt`ry) `ed ia`st

aeljuetarad wara l`ivas `ed `ii o`ia `iik`elas.

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DK\LQ\\KJE

Tma @sk`e Aiapm`et ks jc hra`t ljesarv`tkje ljelare aspalk`iiy ke F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg.

Dkspi`ykeh jea jc tma ojst prav`iaet sjlk`i fam`vkjurs, ljhektkje`i `ttrkfutas `ed ljopiax

dalkskje o`gkeh lia`r st`tas tm`t tmasa `eko`is eaad tj fa tmjrjuhmiy uedarstjjd ke taros jc

tmakr fam`vkjur `ed st`tus facjra `rrkvkeh `t `ey slkaetkckl jr o`e`haoaet `ltkje. Muo`e

dksturf`elas, m`fkt`t cr`hoaet`tkje `ed jtmar stjlm`stkl avaets m`va keciuaelad fam`vkjur`i

raspjesas jc tmasa aiapm`ets, ke taros jc cjr`hkeh r`tas, okhr`tjry p`ttares `ed kelra`sad

strass iavais. Aiapm`ets taed tj dkspi`y lryptkl fam`vkjurs wmarake tmay r`kd lrjps durkeh tma

ekhmt `ed ljeckea tmaosaivas ketj so`iiar hrjup skzas tj `vjkd dataltkje ke ` w`y tj aem`ela

tmakr acckl`ly wmkist r`kdkeh lrjp i`eds (@e`ed at `i. 6200)

Tma p`rg ks `e ketahr`i p`rt jc ` i`rhar vkt`i `ed vk`fia i`edsl`pa wmklm curtmar straehtms tma

strjeh mjid tj kektk`ta ljesarv`tkje accjrts. Rrasarvkeh `ed salurkeh tmks prkstkea i`edsl`pa

`ed aesurkeh `oaikjr`fia sjiutkjes tj oktkh`ta muo`e-aiapm`et ljeciklt ks assaetk`i cjr tma

ijeh taro prjtaltkje jc tma spalkas ke tmks rahkje.

Tma `ttaopt je studykeh tma pjpui`tkje daeskty jc tma aiapm`ets ke tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i

R`rg ks ` c`kriy eaw study (S`ro` at `i.. 622;). Kt w`s pkjeaarad fy ` hrjup jc slkaetksts ke

lijsa ljjpar`tkje wktm tma Cjrast dap`rtoaet. Tmks study uer`vaiiad savar`i ckedkehs tm`t

ljopikoaetad savar`i o`njr `spalts tma pravkjus wjrg m`d ast`fiksmad. Tma f`sks jc

astko`tkeh aiapm`et daeskty w`s ` systao`tkl raprasaet`tkje uskeh st`ed`rdksad v`iuas sulm `s

` 02o truel`ta cjr dueh dkst`ela, pravkjusiy raljrdad dueh dal`y `ed dacal`tkje r`ta cjr tmks

i`edsl`pa wara `isj tastad. Fut mjwavar tma astko`tas jc aiapm`et daeskty ke tmks study cjr

tmks i`edsl`pa ks vary mkhm (4.;;, 2.802, 4.21 aiapm`ets/go6 cjr `ii tmraa r`ehas) `s ljop`rad

tj a`rikar studkas. Tma euofar jc dueh pkias v`ry crjo sa`sjes, tmks study w`s l`rrkad durkeh

tma ckrst wat sa`sje wmklm ljuid m`va `ttrkfutad tj ` mkhm keciux jc okhr`tjry aiapm`ets dua tj

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sl`rlkty jc w`tar ke ea`rfy i`edsl`pas tm`t okhmt m`va rasuitad ke ` mkhmar dueh daeskty

wmklm tmaracjra keciuaelad tma aiapm`et daeskty. Tma prjf`fkikty jc dueh dal`y r`tas fakeh

keciuaelad fy savar`i c`ltjrs sulm `s r`kec`ii, taopar`tura `ed cjr`hkeh jc jtmar c`ue` jwkeh

tj tma c`lt tm`t tma tr`esalt ikeas usad wara lut `ed `itarad cjr dkccaraet study purpjsas ke tma

rahkje ljuidet fa ljopiataiy raikad upje. Mkhm dueh daeskty ke tma F`eearhm`tt` r`eha ks

rasuit`et jc ea`rfy lrjp ckaids `s aiapm`ets usad tma cjrast `s ` d`y tkoa racuha tj r`kd lrjps

`ed raturead tj tma lrjp ckaid `ed maela tma lylia ljetkeuad. Tma prasaela jc ` i`rha avar

ckiiad aerklmad e`tur`iiy jllurrkeh w`tar fjdy Djdd`ee` t`eg w`s tma prkoa sjurla jc

w`tar ljopikoaetad fy tma rklm avarhraae f`ofjj vahat`tkje ke tma rahkje okhmt m`va

keciuaelad aiapm`ets tj ljehrah`ta ke i`rha euofars. Tma dacal`tkje r`ta jc 03. 4.23 wmklm ks saaokehiy mkhm cjr tmks rahkje (0>6.8

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S`ro` at `i. 622;) fut ks ljop`r`tkvaiy iass wmae ljop`rad tj ea`rfy wkdar i`edsl`pas

(A`stare Hm`ts 0>1, \uguo`r 0;;3). Tmks l`e fa `ttrkfutad fy p`rtk`i prasaela jr saialtkva

aikoke`tkje jc `duit o`ias durkeh tma parkjd jc study dua tj stjlm`stkl avaets ikga, sl`ety

r`kec`ii dua tj tma c`kiura jc ojesjjes `ed wmklm okhmt m`va rasuitad ke tma o`ias tj w`edar

ketj jtmar tarrktjrkas ke sa`rlm jc cjr`ha `ed w`tar. Tma kedkhaejus drkvkeh jpar`tkjes

kektk`tad fy tma cjrast w`tlmars jc p`rtklui`r r`ehas t`rhatkeh tma `vkd lrjp r`kdkeh mards

okhmt m`va dksparsad jr ljehrah`tad mards ketj ` p`rtklui`r rahkje maela jvar astko`tkeh tma

lurraet traed. Tma study `ra` w`s ljeckead tj tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg, fut kt l`eejt

fa vkawad uedar ksji`tkje. Daojhr`pmkl studkas wara l`rrkad f`sad je wkraiass kecjro`tkje

p`ssad je fy tma cjrast w`tlmars je aeljuetarkeh aiapm`ets ke tma wmjia jc tma p`rg tmaracjra

d`t` raljrdkeh ljuid m`va faae keciuaelad fy djufia skhmtkehs jc s`oa aiapm`et

mards/keduvkdu`is ke dkccaraet rahkjes jc tma p`rg. Daspkta tma pmjtjhr`pmkl kiiustr`tkjes cjr

fattar li`sskckl`tkjes sjoa vjkds stkii axksts. Aiapm`ets wara pmjtjhr`pmad `t dkccaraet

pjsturas `ed o`eearksos sulm `s siaapkeh, cjr`hkeh ke t`ii fusmas, f`tmkeh, ra`r c`lad

tjw`rds tma jfsarvad `ed `t vary ijeh dkst`elas maela li`sskckl`tkje f`sad je `ii tmasa

`spalts ljuidet m`va faae `llur`ta, maela o`gkeh tmao tma ojst dkcckluit `eko`i tj li`sskcy.

Kelra`sad cao`ia euofars l`e fa `ttrkfutad tj tma accklkaet o`e`haoaet jc tma p`rg, jr tma

sufdua ke `itrukstkl dksturf`elas `ed radulad pj`lmkeh l`usad fy `futtkeh vkii`has `ed / jr

jtmar c`ltjrs. Ljehrah`tkjes jc aiapm`ets `rjued cjrast fjued`rkas durkeh a`riy ojrekehs `ed

i`ta avaekehs dua tj tmakr lrjp r`kdkeh fam`vkjur`i slmaoas `ed tkoa-`ltkvkty fudhats ljuid

m`va iad tj rapa`tad skhmtkehs jc skoki`r ijjgkeh aiapm`ets `s ojst jc d`t` w`s raljrdad

durkeh tmasa mjurs jc tma study. Dua tj rapa`tad s`opikeh `t mkhm daeskty `ra`s `ed ` sa`sje`i

keciux jc okhr`tjry keciuaelad okhmt m`va l`usad `e ueruiy astko`ta jc aiapm`et daeskty

wmklm ljuid m`va faae `vjkdad kc ijeh taro `e`iysks jc kdaetkckad mards, ke taros jc studykeh

fattar pmjtjhr`pmkl raprasaet`tkjes ljuid m`va `utmaetkl`tad tmks study curtmar.

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@ r`eha jc dkccaraet talmekquas `ed oatmjds ke studykeh lm`r`ltarkstkls jc keduvkdu`i

aiapm`ets m`va faae usad ke a`rikar studkas. (Ojss 0;;37 Ojss 6220) L`ivas wara kedaetkckad

f`sad je gejwe ojtmars. Kdaetkckl`tkje jc keduvkdu`is ke fkjijhkl`i systaos `ra accklkaetiy

`lmkavad fy r`dkj taiaoatry fut ke ` i`edsl`pa ikga f`eearhm`tt` tma s`opia skzas `ed tma

aljejokl vk`fkikty datar tma prjf`fkikty jc uskeh tmks oatmjd, maela ` skoki`r aqukv`iaet

uskeh l`ptura o`rg ral`ptura oatmjds tj dackea o`rgad keduvkdu`is crjo ` pjpui`tkje ks `

oulm a`skar `ed ` ljevaekaet jptkje, fut mjwavar tma i`edsl`pa axtaeds tj i`rha `ra`s `ed

raqukraoaet jc ijehar study dur`tkje ke `vkdiy ojektjrkeh tma pjpui`tkjes `ra tma

smjrtljokehs jc tmks study.

@e `ttaopt tj usa l`ptura-o`rg-ral`ptura typa oatmjdjijhy w`s keljrpjr`tad ke tmks study.

Kdaetkckl`tkje f`sad je pmjtjhr`pms jc keduvkdu`i aiapm`ets ljuid m`va cjiijwad ojra

rkhjrjus prjtjljis fy cr`okeh lm`r`ltar pi`tas f`sad je dkstkehuksmkeh ca`turas jc aiapm`ets.

R`ttae raljhektkje `ed st`tkstkl`i tastkeh uskeh sjctw`ra sulm `s O@VG wjuid m`va koprjvad

tma rjfusteass jc tma astko`tas.

Mjwavar tmara ks `opia rjjo cjr koprjvaoaet ke taros jc st`tkstkl`i `e`iysks. @e kda`i

sktu`tkje wjuid fa tj usa ` myfrkd oatmjd f`sad je vksu`i `ed pmjtjhr`pmkl li`sskckl`tkje

djea o`eu`iiy `ed ` st`tkstkl`iiy rue tjji tj `utmaetkl`ta tma rasuits `ed dackea tma ljrrai`tkje.

Keljrpjr`tkje jc `ddad kecjro`tkje je ijl`tkje `ra`, fam`vkjur jc aiapm`ets `ed lrjp r`kdkeh

p`ttares wjuid m`va o`da ` pralksa dalkskje jc keduvkdu`i kdaetkty jc aiapm`ets. @ ijeh taro

study f`sad je tma `fjva oaetkjead lrktark` studykeh tma aetkra e`tkje`i p`rg, cjlusskeh je

tma jllurraela jc MD ke F`eearhm`tt` r`eha durkeh jtmar wat sa`sjes `ed `lmkavkeh ` hijf`i

prjf`fkikty lurva cjr aiapm`et daeskty cjr tma aetkra p`rg ljuid m`va o`da tma d`t` ojra

rjfust `ed ra`ikstkl.

Tma `ttaopt tj usa lkrluocaraela jc aiapm`et dueh tj ljrrai`ta `ha li`ssas jc aiapm`ets

ljuidet fa `lmkavad dua tj tma iass dur`tkje ke tma study parkjd `ed `ofkhukty famked

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83pp

@sk`e Aiapm`et Vasa`rlm `ed Ljesarv`tkje Laetra@AVLL. (0;;=). Tma @sk`e Aiapm`et ke

sjutmare Kedk`> @ HK\ d`t`f`sa cjr ljesarv`tkje jc Rrjnalt Aiapm`et Vasarva. @sk`e Aiapm`et

Vasa`rlm `ed Ljesarv`tkje Laetra, F`eh`ijra.

@sk`e Aiapm`et Vasa`rlm `ed Ljesarv`tkje Laetra@AVLL. (6226) Vapjrt> \jutmare Kedk`

aiapm`et laesus 6226, suoo`ry rapjrt tj G`re`t`g` cjrast dap`rtoaet, @sk`e Aiapm`et

Vasa`rlm `ed Ljesarv`tkje Laetra7 ` dkvkskje jc @sk`e E`tura Ljesarv`tkje Cjued`tkje, l/j

Laetra cjr Aljijhkl`i \lkaelas, Kedk`e Kestktuta jc \lkaela, F`eh`ijra> 0 \jutmare Kedk`

aiapm`et laesus 6221, suoo`ry rapjrt tj G`re`t`g` cjrast dap`rtoaet, @sk`e Aiapm`et

Vasa`rlm `ed Ljesarv`tkje Laetra7 ` dkvkskje jc @sk`e E`tura Ljesarv`tkje Cjued`tkje, l/j

Laetra cjr Aljijhkl`i \lkaelas, Kedk`e Kestktuta jc \lkaela, F`eh`ijra> 6 64pp

7/27/2019 Population Density and Demography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the First Wet Season at the

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Tma l`sa jc cjrast aiapm`ets ke @sk`

`ed @crkl`. Ljesarv`tkje Fkjijhy 0=> 00;0-0626

Furem`o, G.R, @edarsje, D.V `ed I``ga, N.I (0;=2) Astko`tkje jc daeskty crjo ikea tr`esalt

s`opikeh jc fkjijhkl`i pjpui`tkjes. Xkidikca Ojejhr`pm, 86>0-626

Ljthra`va, R. `ed Cjrsatm, K. (6226) Rjpui`tkje daojhr`pmy `ed ikca mkstjry p`ttares,

Fi`lgwaii \lkaela. Kjw` 12204-= \oktmo`rg p0==

Djuhmi`s-M`okitje, K (0;81) @ojeh tma Aiapm`ets. Tma Skgkeh Rrass> Eaw [jrg

Hjp`i`grksme`, \.R at `i. (6202) @sk`e Aiapm`et `ed F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg ke A`stare

Hm`ts. H`n`m

7/27/2019 Population Density and Demography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the First Wet Season at the

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Ijedje 611>041-013

V`naav, F.O.T (6226) Xkidikca O`e`haoaet Ri`e cjr F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg 622 081pp

Vklm`rd Va`dkeh. R `ed Frk`e Okiiar (ads.) (6222) Aed`eharad @eko`is @ racaraelkeh

hukda tj ljecikltkeh `eko`is. Ljeealtklut> Hraaewjjd Rrass. pp \rk I`eg`. H`n`m 0=> 60-

7/27/2019 Population Density and Demography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the First Wet Season at the

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@e `ltkje pi`e cjr kts

ljesarv`tkje . KQLE/\\LE @sk`e Aiapm`et \palk`ikst hrjup. Hi`ed. \wktzari`ed.

\`w`k X`ehmjehs` `ed G`iy`eaa Fjjegrkd (6226) Astko`tkeh aiapm`et pjpui`tkjes ke dry

avarhraae cjrast jc Tm`ki`ed.Vasa`rlm rasuits prjhrass rapjrt cjr tma ya`r>6148

\mjsm`ek, N at `i. (6224) Aiapm`ets (Ijxjdjet` `crkl`e`) jc ^jf` H`sm F`rg`, Arktra`> R`rt KK>

Euofars `ed dkstrkfutkje, aljijhy `ed fam`vkjr `ed cijr` `ed c`ue` ke tmakr aljsystao.

R`lmydaro 16-3=

\kehm, S.S (622=) Xkidikca O`e`haoaet Ri`e cjr F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg, 622=-2; tj

6206-0 01=pp

\kv`h`eas`e, E. (0;;0) Tma Aljijhy jc tma @sk`e Aiapm`et ke Ouduo`i`k Xkidikca \`eltu`ry

wktm spalk`i racaraela tj m`fkt`t utkikz`tkje. RmD . Fm`r`tmkd`s`e Qekvarskty> Tkrulmkr`p`iik.

\uguo`r `ed S`ro` (0;=;) Aljijhy jc tma Kedk`e Aiapm`et ke sjutmare Kedk`> Ojvaoaet `ed

M`fkt`t utkikz`tkje p`ttares.Njure`i jc trjpkl`i aljijhy 1> 0-0=.

\uguo`r. V. (0;=;) Tma @sk`e Aiapm`et> Aljijhy `ed O`e`haoaet. L`ofrkdha studkas ke

@ppikad Aljijhy `ed Vasjurla O`e`haoaet. L`ofrkdha Qekvarskty Rrass> L`ofrkdha.

\uguo`r. V (0;;6) Tma @sk`e Aiapm`et> Aljijhy `ed O`e`haoaet. L`ofrkdha> Rrass

syedkl`ta Qekvarskty jc L`ofrkdha.

\uguo`r, V. (0;;3) Aiapm`et D`ys & Ekhmts. Tae ya`rs wktm tma Kedk`e aiapm`et, Jxcjrd

Qekvarskty Rrass, Eaw Daimk.

\uguo`r. V at `i., (0;;8) Daojhr`pmy jc l`ptkva @sk`e Aiapm`ets (Aiapm`s o`xkous) ke

\jutmare Kedk`.^jj Fkjijhy, 03, pp 63

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@

ljop`rksje jc rasuits crjo Ouduo`i`k \`eltu`ry. Fjof`y E`tur`i Mkstjry \jlkaty> Jxcjrd

Qekvarskty Rrass. pp

7/27/2019 Population Density and Demography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the First Wet Season at the

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@ Vjlm` Kedk`.

X`tva, O.H. (0;;6) C`ltjrs `ccaltkeh tma dur`tkje jc aiapm`et dueh pkias ke r`ke cjrast ke tma

Ijpa Vasarva, H`fje.@crkl`e Njure`i jc Aljijhy, //www.kuleradikst.jrh/dat`kis/8042/2

W@llassad> 0;/2=/6206_

7/27/2019 Population Density and Demography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the First Wet Season at the

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Rjpui`tkje ed @ha \trultura Astko`tkje cjr @sk`e Aiapm`ets

(Aiapm`s o`xkous) `t tma F`eearhm`tt` E`tkje`i R`rg.

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