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8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
1/30
^J^VKA\OJG $ UAB^KF
L}' Apalfc Auia}o
]fufa}ec Bf|cjljkjiy
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
2/30
^j~vka|ojg $ Uab~kf
^J^VKA\OJG0
akk oglotolvaku og a i}jv~ |ca| cau uoboka}
eca}ae|f}ou|oeu #jgf j} bj}f/ |j mf u|vloflm |cf }fufa}ecf}'
f'i'0 akk ejvgufkj}u8 akk bakf |faecf}u |faecogiog ufejgla} uecjjku8 akk V^B u|vlfg|u
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
3/30
^j~vka|ojg $ Uab~kf
UAB^KF0
1' ^a}| jd a ecjufg ~j~vka|ojg |j mf jmuf}tfl
agl agakpfl'=' M jmuf}togi |cf }agljbopfl uab~kfu
eca}ae|f}ou|oeu+ uftf}ak ogdf}fgefu jg |cf
~j~vka|ojg ba mf balf'
5' Loddf}fgefu mf|yffg uab~kf+ uvm`fe|u+
}fu~jglfg|u'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
4/30
^a}abf|f} $ U|a|ou|oeu
^a}abf|f}0
takvfu jm|aogfl d}jb a ~j~vka|ojg'
U|a|ou|oeu0
takvfu jm|aogfl d}jb a uab~kf
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
5/30
]agljbopa|ojg
Mauoe |j ueofg|odoe jmuf}ta|ojgu agl }fufa}ec
Auuvb~|ojg ftfg od yf eaggj| ~}feoufk~}floe| u~feodoe ftfg|u #f'i'0 Oglotolvakuaecoftfbfg|/+ mv| yf eag ~}feoufk ~}floe||cf atf}aif*bfag aecoftfbfg| jd |cf i}jv~
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
6/30
\y~fu jd Uab~kogi
1' ^}jmamoko| Uab~kogi
=' Gjg"~}jmamoko| Uab~kogi
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
7/30
\y~fu jd ^}jmamoko|y Uab~kogi
1' Uob~kf }agljb uab~kogi * ufkfe|ojg
=' Uu|fba|oe uab~kogi
5' U|}a|odofl uab~kogi
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
8/30
]agljbopa|ojg jd Uab~kf
MAUOE \J ]AGLJBOUA\OJG 2 uob~kf}agljbopa|ojg 2 ftf} oglotolvak og |cf i}jv~ caufqvak j~~j}|vgo| #fqvak ecagef/ |j mf ecjufg o'f'
gj| moaufl
Ecjjuogi jgf uvm`fe| ou oglf~fglfg| jd |cf j|cf}u '
]fufa}ecf} eag auuvbf |ca| |cf eca}ae|f}ou|oeu jd|cf uab~kf a~~}jsoba|f |cf eca}ae|f}ou|oeu jd |j|ak~j~vka|ojg
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
9/30
Uab~kogi D}abf
Auuoigogi a gvbmf} |j akk oglotolvaku og a
~j~vka|ojg'
Vuogi |cf uab~kogi d}abf+ |cf uab~kf ou
ecjufg * l}ayg'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
10/30
Uob~kf ]agljb Uab~kogi #ufkfe|ojg/
Vuogi0
a' Douc Mjyk \fecgoqvf
m' \amkf jd ]agljb Gvbmf}u
e' Ejb~v|f} Ifgf}a|fl Gvbmf}u
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
11/30
\amkf jd ]agljb Gvbmf}u
1 = 5 < 6 4 9 3 ? 1>
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
1 1> 16>11 >1654 >=>11 3149 11>>3 466 16>65
9 ??64= 9=?>6 64 4???< ?339= 51>14 911?< 13953 69?9= 13394 =>?== ?1< 4>> >1363 193?5
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
12/30
Uyu|fba|oe Uab~kogiU|f~u0
a' Eakevka|f |cf Og|f}takm' L}ay |cf Ogo|oak Gvbmf}
e' Ufkfe| |cf J|cf} Uab~kf
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
13/30
Uyu|fba|oe Uab~kogi
Og |cou |fecgoqvf+ }agljbopa|ojg ou ljgf
jgk jg |cf ogo|oak gvbmf}'
L}ayogi |cf ogo|oak gvbmf}+ dosfl |cf j|cf}
oglotolvaku og |cf uab~kogi d}abf'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
14/30
Yfahgfuu jd Uyu|fba|oe Uab~kogi \cf}f a}f gvbmf}u ycoec lj gj| catf
fqvak j~~j}|vgo| |j mf ecjufg |cvu a
ukoic| moaugfuu'
Ecjoef jd a uvm`fe| lf~fglu jgagj|cf}'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
15/30
U|}a|odofl Uab~kogi \j }flvef uab~kogi f}}j} agl |j oge}fauf
~}feouojg yo|cjv| oge}fauogi uab~kf uopf'
\j fguv}f akk u|}a|a a}f }f~}fufg|fl #gj|loddf}fg| d}jb |cf ~j~vka|ojg/
Og a u|}a|vb |cf ~j~vka|ojg ou bj}f
cjbjifgjvu
f'i'0 ujeoj fejgjboe u|a|vu+ ifglf}+ kftfk jd
og|fkkoifgef+ kftfk jd agsof|
Od ta}oagef ou }flvefl agl |cf}fdj}f+ uab~kogi
f}}j} yokk mf }flvefl
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
16/30
U|}a|odofl Uab~kogiU|f~u0
1/ Lf|f}bogf |cf }a|oj mf|yffg |cf u|}a|a
=/ Fguv}f |cf uab~kf uopf5/ Lotolf |cf gvbmf} jd uab~kf aeej}logi |j
|cf ogo|oak }a|oj yo|cog |cf ~j~vka|ojg
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
17/30
Ekvu|f} Uab~kogi
Uab~kogi ou aeej}logi |j ekvu|f}u agl gj|
oglotolvaku yo|cog faec ekvu|f}
Ejglve|fl od oglotolvaku |j mf uab~kfl a}f
gj| hgjyg
\cou |fecgoqvf baog|aogfl |cf ~}ogeo~kfu jd
}agljboua|ojg
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
18/30
Ekvu|f} Uab~kogi Gffl gj| hgjy oglotolvaku yo|cog faec ekvu|f}'
Od |cf ekvu|f}u yo|cog |cf ~j~vka|ojg a}f da} a~a}| '
Tf} uvo|amkf agl bj}f ~}feouf od bag ubakkekvu|f}u a}f ecjufg+ |cf}fdj}f uoboka} |j |cf
~j~vka|ojg'
Gj| uvo|amkf od a ka}if ekvu|f} ou ecjufg uogef o|
ba gj| }f~}fufg| |cf ~j~vka|ojg'
Uab~kogi f}}j} ou ftfg ka}if} od a moi agl
cjbjifgfjvu ekvu|f} ou ufkfe|fl'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
19/30
\y~fu jd Gjg"^}jmamoko|y Uab~kogiUab~kf jd Ejgtfgofgef j} Aeeolfg|ak Uab~kogi
Yfah uab~kogi ~}jeflv}f
Vuogi ataokamkf eaufu dj} |cf }fufa}ec
f'i'0 Og|f}tofyogi |cf do}u| oglotolvak jv bff|8vuogi jv ekauu u|vlfg|u8 og|f}tofyogi
tjkvg|ff}u
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
20/30
\y~fu jd Gjg"^}jmamoko|y Uab~kogi
^v}~juotf Uab~kogi " @vlibfg| Uab~kogi
Uab~kogi fkfbfg| ou lfeolfl |j }f~}fufg|
|cf ~j~vka|ojg'
f'i'0 Og|f}tofyogi akk ~juuomkf tj|f}u
og a lou|}oe|+ agl vuogi |cf }fuvk| |j~}floe| |cf tj|ogi ~a||f}g dj} |cf ycjkf
u|a|f
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
21/30
Uab~kogi F}}j}
]agljbopfl uab~kf ba gj| }f~}fufg|
~j~vka|ojg'
Ta}oa|ojgu b jeev}+ eakkfl UAB^KOGIF]]J] '
\cou ta}oa|ojg ou gj| ag f}}j} eavufl m |cf
}fufa}ecf}+ mv| o| jeev}u au a }fuvk| jd |cfuab~kogi ~}jefuu'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
22/30
Ufkfe|ojg jd Moaufl Uab~kf
O' D}jb a |fkf~cjgf lo}fe|j}
OO' D}jb a kou| jd baiapogf uvmue}omf}u
OOO' D}jb a kou| jd }fiou|f}fl tfcoekfu
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
23/30
Uab~kogi F}}j} #f/
Jd|fg jeev}u od |cf bfag uab~kf ou vufl |j
fu|oba|f bfag ~j~vka|ojg'
]fdf}u |j |cf loddf}fgef mf|yffg ~j~vka|ojg
~a}abf|f} agl |cf uab~kf u|a|ou|oeu'
ZF 2 s "
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
24/30
Uab~kf Uopf
Ka}if fgjvic uj |ca| o| ou }f~}fufg|a|otf jd |cf~j~vka|ojg'
E}veoak ouuvf ou }f~}fufg|a|otfgfuu $ gj| |cfuab~kf uopf
f'i'0 Uab~kf jd =>> ycoec cau mffg }agljbkufkfe|fl ou mf||f} |cag a }agljbk ufkfe|fl uab~kf jd1>>8 mv| a }agljbk ufkfe|fl uab~kf jd 1>> ou mf||f}|cag a moaufl uab~kf jd ='6 bokkojg oglotolvaku'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
25/30
Au~fe|u og Lf|f}bogogi Uab~kf Uopf
FEJGJB_ }fufa}ecf}u dogageoak uo|va|ojg
BAGAIFAMKF UAB^FK UOPF m }fufa}ecf} lv}ogi la|aejkkfe|ojg
TAKOLO\_a ka}if fgjvic uopf gfflfl dj} coic takolo|]FKOAMOKO\_ " a ka}if fgjvic uopf gfflfl dj} coic}fkoamoko|
V\OKOPA\OJG JD OGDF]FG\OAK U\A\OU\OEU lf~fglu jd |cf |~f jd ogdf}fg|oak u|a|ou|oeu |j mf vufl
Lfue}o~|otfka}if Ogdf}fg|oakej}}fka|ojg+ bogobvb 5>
Ogdf}fg|oakejb~a}ogi |yj i}jv~u+ 5> dj} faec i}jv~
Ogdf}fg|oakejb~a}ogi bj}f |yj i}jv~u+ 5> dj} faec i}jv~
Fs~f}obfg|akubakk
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
26/30
Cy~j|cfuou \fu|ogi
\fu|ogi gvkk c~j|cfuou vuogi loddf}fg| |fu|umaufl jg |~f jd bfauv}fbfg| ueakfu agl
la|a'
Bahf lfeouojg jg |cf gvkk c~j|cfuou'
Bahf lfeouojg jg |cf ak|f}ga|otf c~j|cfuou'
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
27/30
\y~f O $ OO F}}j} Uecfbf
\_^F O F]]J] EJ]]FE\ AE\OJG
EJ]]FE\ AE\OJG \_^F OO F]]J]
CJ \]VF CJ DAKUF
]F@FE\CJ
AEEF^\CJ
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
28/30
\y~f O $ OO F}}j}
\y~f O F}}j}
]f`fe|ogi a |}vf gvkkc~j|cfuou
f'i' ]f`fe|ogi
cj 2 |cf}f fsou| gj}fka|ojguco~ mf|yffg mj|cta}oamkfu ycoec ou |}vf
\y~f OO F}}j}
Aeef~|ogi a dakuf gvkkc~j|cfuou
f'i' Aeef~|ogi
cj 2 |cf}f fsou| gj}fka|ojguco~ mf|yffg mj|cta}oamkfu ycoec ou dakuf
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
29/30
Kftfk jd Uoigodoeagef
]fufa}ecf} gfflu |j yfoic |cf ejgufqvfgefu
jd |~f O agl oo f}}j}u mfdj}f ejglve|ogi |cf
}fufa}ec #cjy u|}jgi |cf ftolfgef bvu| mfmfdj}f |cf yjvkl }f`fe| cj/'
Kftfk a| ycoec cj ba mf }f`fe|fl 2 kftfk jduoigodoeagef
8/3/2019 Population & Sampling * Dr. Azadeh Asgari
30/30
Kftfk jd Uoigodoeagef
]fufa}ecf} ba atjol |~f O f}}j} maeef~|ogi cj akk |cf |obf'
J} atjol |~f OO f}}j} m }f`fe|ogi o| akk |cf|obf'
]flveogi |cf takvf jd kftfk jd uoigodoeagef
#d}jb '>6 |j '>1 j} '>>1/ }flvefu |cf }ouh jdljogi a |~f O f}}j} mv| oge}faufu |cf }ouh jdljogi a |~f OO f}}j}'