The mission of the Lincoln Intermediate Unit 12 is to provide quality education and service through leadership, innovation,

and expertise.

TIER III

Academic Systems Behavioral Systems

1-5% 1-5%

5-10% 5-10%

80-90% 80-90%

Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity

Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures

Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response

Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response

Universal Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive

Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive

Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success…

Conceptually consistent with Response to Intervention (RtI)

Behavioral Events: Three-term contingencies

A B C/FAntecedent Behavior Consequence/

Function

Decision Points

• Tier 1 – Universals (SchoolWide)– Have all students been taught expectations?– Have all students been acknowledged for

meeting expectations?– Have we used consistent procedures for

disciplinary problems?– Have we conducted monthly analysis of

discipline data? • Is there an increase/decrease …?• Is there a minimum of 80%...?

Decision Points

• Tier 1 – Universals (Classroom Management)

– Structure and Predictability?– Positively stated expectations?

– Active Engagement?– Acknowledgement of Appropriate Behavior?

– Responses to Inappropriate Behavior?

Implementing Tier II• Assumption:

– Schools WILL need a handful of targeted interventions to support student needs

• Avoid interventions that work on isolated skills• Organize 3-5 interventions well rather than 7-10 that

have overlap in function and outcome– Adult attention

– Prompts to stay organized

– Prompts to remember specific information

– Prompts for self evaluation

– Needed skill acquisition (academic, social, organizational)

Who is Appropriate for Intervention?

APPROPRIATE– Low-level problem

behavior (not severe)– >.34* (per 100

students) average referrals

– Behavior occurs across multiple locations

– Examples• talking out• minor disruption• work completion

INAPPROPRIATE– Serious or violent

behaviors/ infractions– Extreme chronic

behavior (8-10+ referrals)– Require more

individualized support• FBA-BIP • Wrap Around

Services

CICO (Check-In/Check-Out)• Designed for Students with moderate problem

behaviors

• Most appropriate when problem behaviors are maintained by adult/peer attention

• Students “check-in” with an adult at the start of each school day

• Students “check-out” with an adult at the conclusion of each school day

• Students get feedback from teachers throughout the day

Check-In/Check-Out• Students earn rewards once they have earned

enough points. Points needed to earn specific rewards are negotiated with the CICO coordinator

• Students take a CICO Home Report home each night

• Parents sign the Home Report and return it to school with the student the next morning

• Parents are asked to provide acknowledgement and praise when the student has a good day

• Parents are asked not to punish or scold the student after an unsuccessful day

Tier IIIFBA Critical Information

1. What are the student’s Strengths?

2. What are the Problem Behaviors?

3. What are the Antecedents to the problem behavior?

4. What are the Consequences in response to the problem behavior?

5. What is the Function of the problem behavior?

Strengths

Interests, motivators, etc.

• Purpose: to determine incentives or reinforcers to use in the plan

• Sample Questions:– What is the student good at doing?– What are the student’s interests?– What is motivating to the student?

BehaviorBehaviorAn observable, measurable act of an individual

•Purpose: −To clarify specific behaviors for improvement −To provide for baseline data collection

•Sample Questions:−What does the student do that is a problem?−What does the behavior look like?

*Note: Select one behavior to focus on

Antecedents - Fast TriggersEvents immediately preceding the problem behavior

such as:• time of day• curriculum/instructional factors• environmental factors

• Purpose: To target interventions specific for what immediately precipitates the behavior

• Sample Questions:– What sets the behavior off?– What is going on when the student does these behaviors?

Antecedents - Slow Triggers• Broader issues that contribute to the occurrence of the

behavior such as:– Medical Conditions– Psychological Conditions– Medication Side Effects– Physical Deprivation– Skill Deficits

• Purpose: To target specific interventions for broad issues effecting student behavior

• Sample Questions:– Could the behavior be related to any medical conditions or

physical discomfort?– Could the behavior be related to skill deficits?

Consequence FactorsAny event that follow a behavior

• Purpose: To determine if what we are currently using is effective or in need of modification

• Sample Questions:– What do you do when the behavior occurs?– What happens to the task at hand when the student

engages in the behavior?

a consequence that results in maintaining

OR increasing the future rate of the

behavior it follows.

a consequence that results in decreasing the future rate of the behavior it follows.

FunctionThe purpose the behavior serves for the student

– To get something or to avoid something• Attention• Activities• Objects• Stimulus

• Purpose: To specific interventions to help the student meet his/her needs more appropriately

• Sample Questions:– What do you think the student gets by behaving this way?– What do you think the student avoids by behaving this way?

Hypotheses Statement

The team’s summary of FBA data used to develop the Behavior Plan

Format:The hypotheses describes the significant

antecedents - the problem behavior (its form) - and its function.

Hypothesis Statement(Example):

When Toni works with others in interactive

situations, especially with less capable peers

She makes socially inappropriate comments

To avoid social interaction.

Yes • Write the Positive

Behavior Support Plan

High Confidence

In Hypothesis?

No•Continue Assessment

Process (Extensive data collection)

High Confidence in The Hypothesis?

Have you determined a target behavior needing intensive intervention?

Is there a specific definition of the problem behavior?

Is there specific data regarding antecedents to the problem behavior?

Is there specific data regarding actual consequences of the problem behavior?

Is the hypothesized function of the behavior supported by your data?

Extensive Data Collection:

• Informant Tools– Checklists– Rating Scales– Interviews

• Observation Tools– ABC Recording Form– Event Recording Form

• Record Review

Data Needed

Procedure/ Tool

Schedule

Who Location Time How Often

Data Collection Plan

FBA Data Summary/PBSP Development

1. Specific Hypothesis

2. Baseline of problem behavior

3. Global Hypothesis

4. Student Strengths

5. Replacement Behavior (Baseline, Goal(s), & Progress Monitoring)

6. Specially Designed Instruction

Summarizing Strengths

• Teams should determine which strengths identified in the FBA can be utilized in the plan to motivate and encourage the student to use replacement behaviors.

• If unknown, the team must determine how to get this data

• The team should also consider function of the behavior as it relates to motivation.

Baseline of the Problem BehaviorWhat is the baseline measure

of the behavior of concern?

• Frequency

• Duration

• Other?

If unknown, determine how you will get the data.

Data Needed

Procedure/ Tool

Schedule

Who Location Time How Often

Data Collection Plan

New Skills/Replacement Behavior

What skill will replace the problem behavior?• Equivalent skill to serve the same function as the

problem (equivalence training)

• General skill to prevent the problem behavior (academic, social, communication, problem solving, decision-making)

• Self-regulation skill to prevent the problem behavior (conflict resolution, self-advocacy, anger management, relaxation techniques)

Baseline of the New SkillWhy collect baseline data

on the new skill?

• To determine the student’s ability to perform the new behavior

• To guide decisions in setting performance criteria

Data Needed

Procedure/ Tool

Schedule

Who Location Time How Often

Data Collection Plan

Summarizing Setting Events and Slow Triggers

• The team must determine which of the events or slow triggers should be addressed.

The Goal

Determine a goal for performance of the replacement behavior:

– Behavior should be observable and measurable

The goal should includes:– Evaluation Method– E.g., frequency recordings, attendance

records

Remember, visually representing the data in a chart or graph makes analysis easier.

Strategies

Interventions that will help the student achieve the new behavior.

–Specially Designed Instruction (SDI) for IEP Students:

• What methods?

• Under what conditions?

• How is it delivered?

Antecedent StrategiesInterventions that modify the events that

precede a behavior in order to make the problem behavior less likely to occur.

Examples

– Teacher prompt

– Cue card

– Verbal class reminders

– Rule posted

Antecedent Strategies

Consider each antecedent identified as “triggering” the behavior of concern

Develop strategies to alter the situation or environment which will:– Prevent or reduce the problem behaviors from occurring.– Increase desired behavior.

• Examples: chunk assignment, teach writing strategies, move seat, provide a cue card

Replacement Behavior StrategiesInstructional approaches designed to teach the desired

behaviors identified for a student.

Considering the replacement behavior

• Skill Instruction - Describe specific strategies to teach the skill/replacement behavior.

• Describe instructional approaches to teach the student how and when to perform the skill or behavior.

• Examples: teach to ask for help, teach to share materials, role play alternatives to verbal conflict

Reinforcement Consequence Strategies

When considering the replacement behavior, the function of the behavior of concern, and student strengths, develop strategies to:

• Reinforce and strengthen acquisition and performance of replacement behaviors

• Remember, the strongest reinforcer for the replacement behavior is one that achieves the same result (function) as the problem behavior.

• Examples: allowed to work with peer, earn points for reward, helps in library, reads to younger students

Reduction Consequence StrategiesWhen considering the behavior of concern, its function and the

effectiveness of previous consequences used,

• Develop strategies to implement if the student performs the behavior of concern that will:

− Weaken or reduce the problem behavior.

− Make it less likely to achieve the function

− Deescalate and redirect the problem behavior.

• Examples: prompt to use appropriate behavior, offer cool down time, remove a privilege

* Note: Reduction consequences are necessary but do not predominate as they do in traditional behavior plans.

Strategies/Plan – Setting Events and Slow Triggers

• What strategies will address the setting events and slow triggers identified by the team?

• Examples:– Providing academic support, e.g., homework club,

tutoring– Recommending resources to parents, e.g., YMCA,

Big Brother Program, Girl Scouts, Planned Parenthood

Plan Implementation

• Plan development is not enough; the plan must be implemented. The following steps are important to plan implementation:

• Distribute and Explain the plan• Implement direct instruction of replacement

skill• Collect, Summarize and Graph data • Meet to Review Effectiveness of the plan

The Review MeetingWas the plan implemented as designed?

Was the data collected?Was the data graphically represented?

Is there a reduction in the problem behavior?Is there an increase in replacement behavior?

What are next steps?When is the next review meeting?

Review

All behavior occurs in a context Assessment of problem behavior and the

contexts in which it occurs leads to better intervention plans

Team-based assessment and decision- making is better than going at it alone

Behavior intervention plans that are systematically developed, implemented, and monitored are more effective

QUESTIONS&

DISCUSSION