Post Radiation Effects and Its Prevention

7/28/2019 Post Radiation Effects and Its Prevention

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The Side effects of radiation therapy mayhappen because of high doses of radiation

used to kill cancer cells can also damage

healthy cells in the treatment area.

Side effects are different for each person. Some people have many side effects;

others have hardly any.

Side effects may be more severe if you alsoreceive chemotherapy before, during, or

after your radiation therapy.


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Skin changes

FatigueOther changes depend on the part of body being

treated: Diarrhea Hair loss in treatment area

Mouth problems Nausea and vomiting Sexual changes Swelling Trouble swallowing Urinary and bladder changes Infections


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ACUTE

SUB ACUTE

CHRONIC


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Mucositis

Xerostomia

CandidiasisBacterial

Infections


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1. Oral mucositis refers tothe particularinflammation andulceration that occurs inthe mouth.

2. Oral mucositis is acommon and oftendebilitating complicationof cancer treatment.

3. Oral mucositis canpresent as patchy milderythema to frankconfluent ulceration.

It cannot be easily

distinguished from otherinfections.

Along with this lesionalteration of taste sensationand lack of saliva is also

seen. It may be exaggerated with

the local factors.


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topical oral preparations can reduce symptomsof oral mucositis.eg; chlorhexidine mouth wash

If pain is severe enough to limit eating, systemicanalgesia should be considered.

Prevention ; Limit the radiation to affect the softtissues and to prevent its reoccurance


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Xerostmia is termed as dry mouthor dry mouth syndrome.

Local and total body irradiationmay irreversibly affect theproduction and quality of saliva inthe major and minor salivaryglands.

The reduced saliva affects the

speech, taste and nutrion. Saliva contains antimicrobial

agents which reduces due tolack of saliva leading tocaries,candidiasis and otherperiodontal diseases.

Saliva also mechanically keeps theoral cavity clean which isimpossible.

Management :it is managed bygiving sialogogues and suitableelectrolytes


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Colonization of the yeast ondamaged tissue can intensify thesymptomatic effects of radiation onthe mucosa.

There is multiple presentation ofcandida includingpseudomembranous (removable

white plaques with an erythematousbase), chronic hyperplastic(leukoplakia like plaques that do notwipe away), and chronic cheilitis.

These infections should be

eliminated to decrease mucositisand the chance of distantgastrointestinal infections.

Management : Nystatin orclotrimoxazole mouth wash


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Osteoradionecrosis Soft Tissue Necrosis Trismus


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This condition is

secondary to fibrosiswhich occurs in themuscles ofmastication after

being within the fieldof radiation.

Best management isto encourage

physical therapyduring and after theradiation isadministered.


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The primary

etiologies for thistype of chroniccomplication aredue to excessivedoses delivered tothe tissues viainterstitial implantsor secondary tosoft tissue irritation

from aninadequate fittingprosthesis.


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Osteoradionecrosis(ORN) is a condition

of nonvital bone ina site of radiationinjury.

There is absence of

reserve reparativecapacity is a resultof the priorradiation injury.

There is decrease in

healing capacity ofthe tissues due todecreases in bloodsupply


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Post Radiation Effects and Its Prevention