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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Overview of Network Management
J. Won-Ki Hong
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
POSTECH
Email: [email protected]
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Table of Contents
• Today’s Networks• Network Management Requirements• Network Management Systems• NMS Software Architecture• Distributed Network Management• Proxy Agent• Standard Management Frameworks
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
FastEthernet
B-ISDN
ATMSDH
PSTN
Computer Networks Telecom Networks
Today’s Networks & ServicesToday’s Networks & Services
ISDN
TokenRing
GigabitEthernet
MPLS
WANs SS#7
IN/AIN
PSDN
PCS
AccessNetworks
Ethernet
World-Wide WebEmail, DNS, FTPNews, Telnet, IRCRealAudio, RealVideoMBone
Video ConferencingElectronic CommerceInternet PhoneBanking, AccountingDistance Learning
Local, Long-distance, Oversea Phone service080, 070, collect-callthird-party IN servicecellular, C2, PCS, TRS
Video-on-DemandTele-conferencingVideo-conferencingInternet Telephony
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NM Users’ Requirements
• Controlling corporate strategic assets– effective control of network & computing resources
• Controlling complexity– continued growth of devices, users, applications & protocols
• Improving service– users expect better service with increased resources
• Balancing various needs– must assign and control resources to balance various needs
• Reducing downtime– more users and applications depend on availability
• Controlling costs– effective resource utilization in order to control costs
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
NM Functional Requirements• Fault Management
– detection, isolation and correction of abnormal operations
• Configuration Management– identify managed resources and their connectivity, discovery
• Accounting Management– keep track of usage for charging
• Performance Management– monitor and evaluate the behavior of managed resources
• Security Management– allow only authorized access and control
FCAPS
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Fault Management
• concerned with:– providing a reliable networking environment– ensuring that the systems as a whole, and each essential component
individually, are in proper working order– redundant components and routes can be used to increase fault
tolerance
• when a fault occurs, the manager should be able to:– determine exactly where the fault (i.e., abnormal condition) is– isolate the rest of the network from failure – reconfigure or modify the network for continued operation– repair or replace the failed components to restore the network
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Configuration Management
• concerned with:– initializing a network & shutting down part or all of the network– maintaining, adding and updating the relationships among
components– monitoring the status of components during network operation
• the network manager should be able to:– startup and shutdown operations on a network– identify the components that comprise the network (discovery)– change the connectivity of the components (possibly as a result of
network upgrade, fault recovery or security checks)– detect changes in the network configuration
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Accounting Management
• concerned with:– keeping track of the usage of network resources– charging the use of network resources– monitoring the end-user activities for possible abuse, for suggesting
better usage to users and for network planning
• the manager should be able to:– specify the kinds of accounting information to be recorded at various
nodes– specify the algorithms to be used in calculating the charging– generate accounting reports
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Performance Management
• concerned with:– providing an efficient communication environment– monitoring and analyzing the performance of the components– making proper adjustments to improve network performance
• the manager should be able to:– determine the capacity utilization, throughput, the average and worst-
case response times– monitor and gather data on the activities of components– analyze the gathered data and assess performance levels– determine the sources of performance problems & fix them– use the performance stats for future network planning
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Security Management
• concerned with:– providing a secure networking environment– preventing hacking, illegal and unauthorized access– managing information protection and access-control facilities
• the manager should be able to:– generate, distribute and store encryption keys– maintain and distribute passwords and other authorization or access-
control information– monitor and control access to networks– collect, store and examine audit records and security logs– enable & disable the logging facilities
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Network Management Systems
• A network management system (NMS) is a collection of tools for network monitoring and control
• based on the manager-agent paradigm– the manager sends mgmt requests to one or more agents– an agent performs the requested operation and returns results– when agents detect faults and they report to the manager
• NMS typically provides a GUI through which most or all management tasks can be performed
• Many commercial and freely available NMSs exist: – HP OpenView, IBM NetView, Sun Net Manager, etc.– research prototypes from CMU, MIT, UC Davis, U. of Twente
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
AgentAgent Agent
AgentAgent Agent
Agent
Collect, organize & interpretOperational Data
AdministratorWorkstation
Management Platform
Observation & Control
mgmt requests/replies
event reports
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Elements of an NMS
NMA
NME Appl
Comm
OS
NME Appl
Comm
OS
NME Appl
Comm
OS
NME
Comm
OS
Network controlhost (manager)
Server(agent)
Workstation (agent)
Router(agent)
NMA = network management applicationNME = network management entityAppl = applicationComm = communications softwareOS = operating system
Networks
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Network Management Entity (NME)
• NME is a collection of software devoted to the network management tasks
• is typically known as an “management agent”• Each NME performs the following tasks
– collects statistics on communications and network-related activities– stores statistics locally– responds to commands from the network manager, including
commands to:• transmit collected stats to network manager
• change an attribute value
• provide status information
• generate artificial traffic to perform a test
• etc.
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Network Mgmt Application (NMA)
• NMA is a collection of software for performing network monitoring and control
• is typically known as “network manager”• NMA provides an operator interface to allow an authorized u
ser to manage the network• NMA responds to user commands by displaying information
and/or issuing commands to NMEs• Standard protocols (e.g., SNMP, CMIP) are used to manage
a multi-vendor network• there may be more than one NMA in a large network which c
an lead to the need of a hierarchy of managers (e.g., top level manager, middle level managers, etc.)
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
NM Software Architecture
• User Presentation Software– interfaces between user and NM software– a unified user interface desirable– includes graphical tools to display summarized NM information
• Network Management Software– a set of NM applications (configuration, performance, etc.)– a set of application elements (alarm handling, logging, etc.)– NM data transport service
• Communication and Database Support Software– local Management Information Base (MIB) access module– communications protocol stack (e.g., TCP/IP, OSI) to interact with
remote agents and managers
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Architectural Model of NMS Unified user interface
Presentation of network management information to users
Network management application
Network management application ...
application element application element application element
Network management data transport service
MIB access module
Communication protocol stack
Managed networks
...
ManagementInformation
Base
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Distributed Network Management
• Resources to be managed are widely distributed – widespread use of departmental LANs– need for local control & optimization of distributed applications
• Hierarchical NM architecture desirable– distributed NMSs are given limited access for network monitoring and
control of departmental resources– top-level NMS has a global access rights and the ability to manage al
l network resources
• Benefits of Distributed NM– NM traffic overhead is minimized - traffic is localized– Dist. mgmt offers greater scalability– use of multiple NMSs eliminates the single point of failure
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Typical Dist. Mgmt System Architecture Management clients (PCs, workstations)
Network
Network
Management server
Management application
MIB
Element manager
Element manager
Network resources (servers, routers, hosts) with management agents
Management server
Management application
MIB
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Proxy Agents
• Managed resources may have various mgmt interfaces– some with different mgmt protocols (e.g., OSI vs. SNMP, XML vs.
SNMP)– some with proprietary mgmt interfaces (e.g., older systems)– small systems not capable of possessing NME (e.g., modems)
• Proxy agents are used to manage these devices– managers use standard protocols to communicate with proxies– proxy agents use proprietary protocols to communicate with
proprietary devices– proxy agents perform translations between managers and proprietary
devices– an agent to the manager and a manager to proprietary devices
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Proxy Agent Architecture
Proxy Agent
Protocol stack
Client proxy stub
Protocol stack
Proprietary management interface
Server proxy stub
Management application
Client stub
Protocol stack
Server stub
Protocol stack
Standard operations and event reports
Proprietary operations and event reports
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Standard Management Frameworks
• Internet Network Management Framework (IETF)– SNMPv1 (Internet Full Standard)– SNMPv2 (Internet Full Standard)– SNMPv3 (Internet Proposed Standard)
• OSI Network Management Framework (ISO/ITU-T)– CMIP (X.700 Series)
• Telecommunication Management Network (ITU-T)– TMN (M.3000 Series)
• Web-based Enterprise Management (DMTF)– CIM, XML, Web Services
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POSTECH DP&NM Lab
Summary• Network Management Requirements
– Users’ Requirements– Functional Requirements (FCAPS)
• Network Management Systems– Network Management Entity (NME)– Network Management Application (NMA)
• NMS Software Architecture• Distributed Network Management• Proxy Agent• Standard Management Frameworks
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Useful Internet Resources• Web Sites
– http://snmp.cs.utwente.nl/ (SNMP, NM RFCs)– http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com04/ngn-mfg/index.html (N
GN Management Focus Group)
– http://www.tmforum.org/ (TM Forum)– http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/wg-dir.html (IETF)– http://www.dmtf.org (DMTF)
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Questions?