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C Calderón-Soto1, AJ Morales3, FA Rodríguez2, X Iglesias2, B Feriche3, J Vázquez2, L Rodríguez-Zamora2, A Barrero2, E
Hynynen4.
1: CAR Sierra Nevada, Granada (Spain), 2: INEFC, University of Barcelona (Spain), 3: FCAFD, University of Granada (Spain), 4: KIHU
Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä (Finland).
HEART RATE VARIABILITYANDACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS
DURING THEACCLIMATIZATION PERIOD OFALTITUDE
TRAINING CAMP IN ELITE SWIMMERS
ObjetiveObjetive
During altitude training hypoxic stimulus may lead to symptoms of acute mountain sickness and changes in autonomic
balance measured by heart rate variability. Our aim was to analyze the classical parameters and the new ones
developed by Firstbeat Technologies during the acclimatization period at moderate altitude.
Correspondence:
Dra Carmen Calderón. Sport Medicine Department. CAR Sierra Nevada. Spain.
ReferencesReferences
-Aubert A et al (2003). Heart rate variability in athletes. Sports Med 33:889.
-Schmitt L et al (2006): Heart rate variability and performance at two different altitudes in well-trained swimmers. Int J Sports Med 27:226.
-Heart beat based recovery analysis for athletic training. White paper by Firstbeat Technologies Ltd, 2009.
ConclusionsConclusions
Clinical and physiological states during altitude training could be monitored by heart rate variability and symptomatology.
Although there is great variability among subjects, new variables as absolute relaxation index show potential usefulness during
the acclimatization period of altitude training. Clinical and cardiovascular variables show some delay but both seem to recover
at the end of the 1st week. More studies are needed to control other variables such as training load and individual susceptibility.
16 elite swimmers lived and trained 3 weeks at 2320 m
in the Altitude Training Center of Sierra Nevada, Spain.
RR-intervals were recorded every morning in supine
position (8-min) with beat-by-beat heart rate monitors at
paced breathing (12/min). Data were analyzed with
Firstbeat Health software using neural network model.
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) was scored with Lake
Louise questionnaire.
Pre-altitude values and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 were
analyzed for mean heart rate, absolute relaxation index,
RMSDD, total power, LF/HFratio, and HF and LF
normalized.
MethodsMethods
Check mark þ if you felt (or not) any of these symptoms last night or today
0 1 2 3
Headacheg
No headache
gMild headache
gModerate headache
gSevere headache,
incapacitating
Gastrointestinal symptoms
cNone,
normal appetite
cPoor appetite
or mild nausea
cModerate nauseaand/or vomiting
cSevere nauseaand/or vomiting
Fatigue and/or weaknessg
Not tired or weak
gMild
fatigue / weakness
gModerate
fatigue / weakness
gSevere
fatigue / weakness
Dizziness / lightheadednessc
Not dizzy
cMild
dizziness
cModeratedizziness
cSevere dizziness,
incapacitating
Difficulty sleepingg
Slept as well as usual
gDid not sleep
as well as usual
gWoke many times,
poor sleep
gCould not sleep at all
22.2 ± 1.6
years
74.8 ± 7.9
kg
186.2 ± 8.8
cm
All subjects experienced AMS symptoms with a
medium score of 2.7 ± 2.3. Highest score was on day-1
(3.8 ± 2.6) while lowest was on 7th (1.1 ± 1.1).
Mean heart rate showed differences throughout the
week (p<0.05) with maximum values on day-3.
ResultsResults
Absolute relaxation index and total power decreased up
to day 3 while no significance difference was found in
RMSSD, LF/HFratio, HF normalized and LF normalized.
As worst results for AMS were on day-1 AMS and for
cardiovascular variables on day-3, there was not a
good correlation. Nevertheless HR was higher in
swimmers who experienced moderate or severe
symptoms vs no/light (63.4 vs 58.0 bpm).