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1 Potential evaluation study and application methods for biomass energy in the Northern Delta Vietnam Tran Van Quy - HUS ® ¹ i hä c k h o a h ä c t ù n h i ª n

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1

Potential evaluation study and application methods for biomass

energy in the Northern Delta Vietnam

Tran Van Quy -

HUS

®¹i häc khoah

äc

t ùn

hi ª

n

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Participants

Leader: Tran Van QuyCác thành viên tham gia thực hiện:PGS.TS. Lưu Đức Hải, Khoa MT, ĐHKHTNTS. Nguyễn Khánh Toàn, Viện Năng lượngTS. Hoàng Ngọc Quang, Trường Cao đẳng Tài nguyên Môi trườngThS. Phạm Thị Mai, Khoa MT, ĐHKHTNThS. Trần Thiện Cường, Khoa MT, ĐHKHTNHVCH K14: Hoàng Thị Huê, ĐHKHTNHVCH K15: Trần Thị

Quỳnh, ĐHKHTN

CN. Nguyễn Xuân Huân, Khoa MT, ĐHKHTNSinh viên K49 CNMT: Đường Xuân Phúc, Hồ

Thị Phương

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Objectives•

To assess status and potential of agricultural by-product in the Northern Delta

To collect information about agricultural biomass energy potential in The Northern Delta Provinces

To suggest appropriate methods that can utilize agricultural biomass energy to partly reduce environmental pollution and pressures on the environment.

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Object and location

Object of researchAgricultural by-products: rice straw, rice

husk, corncob, etc•

LocationNorthern Delta provinces

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Research contentsTheme 1. Socio-economic status

Theme 2.

Agricultural production status

Them 3.

Rice cultivation by products use status

Theme 4.

Other by products use status

Theme 5.

Evaluation and analysis of energic and environmental benefits of agricultural by products use

Theme 6.

Recommendation of applicabale technologies for agricultural by products use

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Biomass and biomass energy

•Biomass: is biological material from living, or recently

living organisms

•Biomass energy: is defined by any organic materials that

can be burned and used as a source of fuel

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Biomass is a part of the Carbon cycle

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Sinh khối Phần chất thực vật

Phần chất động vật

Nhiên liệu sinh học, sợi, hoá chất và nhiệt

Nguồn hoá thạch

Biomass

vegetation

Animal

Fossil

Bio-fuels, fiber, chemicals and heat

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Biomass energy use

Fossil fuels substitute

Environmental protection

Difference with other renewable energies

Controllable;•

Able to generate heat and electricity simultaneously

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World biomass useBy 2020, renewable energies reach 20%, (1/3 biomass energy) of total energy consumption

Leading by USA•

Countries pay much consideration to biomass: China, Japan, Brazil, etc

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Biomass use in Vietnam

¾

: Cooking•

¼ : others

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Two ways of using Biomass:•

Burn to generate heat and electricity

Convert into other forms

Bio-fuels conversion process

ĐIỆN

SINH KHỐI NHIỆT

CÔNG CƠ

HỌC

NHIÊN LIỆU

§èt ch¸y trùc tiÕp Động cơ nhiệt

Biến đổi Đốt cháy Động cơ điện, máy phát điện

Pin nhiªn liÖu

Bioma ss

Direct burning heat engine Mecha nical

work

Fuel cell

ConversionBurning Electricity

generator

Electrici ty

Fuel

heat

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* Favorable conditions for biomass use in Vietnam• Favorable nature;• Recognized by Vietnamese goverment•International situation.

* Difficulties• Competed by other energy sources;• High cost (technology);• Lack of appropriate polices,…

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Natural condition ands ocio-economic status of researched regions

Natural condition

Natural resources

Socio-economic status

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

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Agricultural cultivation statusLand useCultivation area, yield, productivity of main plants

Rice CornPeanut

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Diện tích lúa cả năm

11401160118012001220124012601280

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009năm

Diệ

n tíc

h lú

a (n

ghìn

ha)

Sản lượng lúa cả năm

6100620063006400650066006700680069007000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

năm

sản

lượ

ng (n

ghìn

tấn)

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

thời gian

Rice productivity (quintal/ha)

Rice cultivation area

Rice yield

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Diện tích ngô cả năm (nghìn ha)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sơ bộ 2008

thời gian

Diện

tích

ngô

Sản lượng ngô

050

100150200250300350400450

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sơ bộ2008

năm

sản

lượ

ng

năng suất ngô cả năm (ta./ha)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sơ bộ 2008

thời gian

năng

suấ

t ngô

Corn cultivation area

Corn yield

Corn productivity

quintal/ha

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Diện tích lạc

303132333435363738

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sơ bộ2008

năm

sản

lượ

ng

Sản lượng lạc

0102030405060708090

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sơ bộ2008

năm

sản

lượ

ng

Peanut cultivation area

Peanut yield

quintal/ha

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Collection, use, and amount of by-products

Collection and use-

Buring and used as cattle food

-

Mushroom planting-

Fermentation

-

Paper making

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Post harvest by-products use

Purpose Cooking Husbandry Burn, dispose Other

Ratio (%)

Rice straw

35 5 58 2

Rice husk

98 - 2 -

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Rural area household

Rice straw accumulated

For cooking

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On-field burning Environmental pollution

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Rice milling

Rice husk accumulated

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Tỷ lệ sử dụng phụ phẩm cây ngô sau thu hoạch theo mục đích

Tỷ lệ sử dụng (%) Mục đích sử dụng

Thân, lá ngô Lõi ngô

Thức ăn chăn nuôi 14 8

Đun nấu 84 89

Mục đích khác (vứt bỏ, đốt...) 2 3

Post harvest by products use (CONR)

Purpose

Husbandry food

Cooking

Others (dispose)

Ratio

Leaf, body corncob

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Purpose Ratio (%)

Body Leaf Cover

Cooking 92 10 94

Fermentation - 87 -

Dispose 8 3 6

Post harvest by products use (PEANUT)

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Data (on filed survey) of average amount of rice cultivation by productsSố liệu thực nghiệm về khối lượng trung bình phụ phẩm từ canh tác lúa

Khối lượng (kg/36m2)

Giống

Ruộng Rơm, rạ Trấu

1 22,10 4,44 2 21,08 4,54

Tạp Giao

3 21,28 4,21 1 20,67 4,26 2 19,24 4,18

Lưỡng Quảng

3 18,22 4,10 1 24,15 4,64 2 23,95 4,59

Q5

3 24,48 4,77 Trung bình (kg/36m2) 21,67 4,41

Trung bình (tấn/ha) 6,01 1,47

rice variety

Aver (kg/36m2)

Aver (tonne/ha)

Amount (kg/36m2)Field

Rice straw Rice husk

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Số liệu thực nghiệm về khối lượng trung bình các phụ phẩm từ canh tác ngô và lạc

Khối lượng (kg/36m2)

Ngô Lạc

Ruộng

Thân, lá Lõi, bẹ Thân, lá Vỏ

1 23,15 8,06 9,98 1,65

2 22,78 8,22 10,25 1,72

3 22,82 8,10 9,82 1,50

Trung bình (kg/36m2) 22,92 8,13 10,00 1,62

Trung bình (tấn/ha) 6,36 2,25 2,78 0,45

Data (on filed survey) of average amount of corn, peanut cultivation by products

Amount (kg/36m2)

Field corn peanut

Aver (kg/36m2)

Aver (tonne/ha)

Body Cob Body Cover

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Main product/by product ratio

Cây canh tác Các loại phụ phẩm Tỷ lệ phụ

phẩm/chính phẩm

Rơm, rạ 1/1 Lúa

Trấu 1/5

Ngô Thân, lá, lõi ngô 4/1

Lạc Thân, lá, vỏ lạc 1,2/1

Plant

Rice

Corn

Peanut

Ratio

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By product amount (thousand tonne)

Rice Corn Peanut

Khối lượng các phụ phẩm SK từ canh tác lúa, ngô, lạc ở các tỉnh vùng

Đồng bằng Bắc Bộ diễn biến qua các năm (*)

Khối lượng phụ phẩm (nghìn tấn)

Lúa Ngô Lạc

Năm

Rơm, rạ Trấu Thân, lá, lõi Thân, lá, vỏ

Tổng phụ phẩm

1999 6543,4 1308,7 1324,4 54,0 9230,5

2000 6762,6 1352,5 1170,0 66,8 9351,9

2001 6605,3 1321,1 964,0 70,8 8961,2

2002 6951,7 1390,3 1043,6 73,2 9458,8

2003 6701,5 1340,3 1271,6 81,5 9394,9

2004 6926,1 1385,2 1450,8 95,9 9858,0

2005 6398,4 1279,7 1425,6 95,6 9199,3

2006 6725,2 1345,0 1372,4 88,4 9531,0

2007 6500,7 1300,1 1498,4 93,6 9392,8

Sơ bộ 2008 6776,0 1355,2 1711,6 99,0 9945,8

Trung bình 6689,1 1337,8 1323,2 81,9 9432,4 (*)- Khối lượng SK = (Sản lượng cây trồng) x (tỷ lệ phụ phẩm/chính phẩm)

By product amount over time

2008

Aver

Total

By product amount (thousand tonne)

Rice Corn PeanutYear

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C¸c qu¸

tr×n

h vËt lý

NÐn chÆt, sÊy

Gi¶m kÝch th−íc

Ðp

C¸c qu¸

tr×n

h nhiÖt ho¸

§èt ch¸y

KhÝ ho¸

NhiÖt ph©n

C¸c qu¸

tr×n

h sinh häc

Lªn men r−îu

Ph©n gi¶i yÕm khÝ

KhÝ tæng hîp

KhÝ, dÇu, cèc

Etanol

KhÝ sinh häc

Viªn, kiÖn, b¸nh

vôn, mïn c−a, trÊu,…

DÇu thùc vËt

Sinh Khèi

N¨ng l−îng sö

dông cuèi cïng

Biomass conversion processesBiomass conversion processes

Analyze, evaluate and recommend applicabale technologies for agricultural by products use

Phys

ical proc

ess

Ther

mal proc

ess

Biolog

ical proce

ss

Biomass

Final energy

Compress, etc

Burn, gasification

Fermentatio

n, etc

Wood pellet, sawdust, etc

Gas, etc

Ethanol, biogas

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Current by-product use methods•

Burning

Mushroom plating•

Convert into thermal-insulating

material

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Recommend applicabale technologies

Thermogenetic

values of by productsExamined 4 samples

Corn: 25% cob + 75% body and leaf

Peanut: 15% cover and 85% body and leaf

Rice husk: 100%

Rice straw: 35% rice straw + 75% rice stubble

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Giá trị sinh nhiệt của các phụ phẩm từ canh tác lúa, ngô, lạc

Đốt ở áp suất 3000 kPa

Tên mẫu Ngô Lạc Trấu Rơm và Rạ

Lần 1 1,0224 1,0034 1,0211 1,0233

Lần 2 1,0213 1,0042 1,0223 1,0211

Khối lượng mẫu trước khi đốt

(g) Lần 3 1,0226 1,0038 1,0216 1,0228

Lần 1 4023,4135 3775,2456 3679,7622 3703,7254

Lần 2 4001,5624 3698,9783 3723,2765 3692,7852

Lần 3 3998,7928 3782,5425 3755,1651 3721,6531

Nhiệt lượng

(Cal/g)

TB 4007,9229 3752,2555 3719,4013 3706,0546

Thermogenetic

values of by products

Mass before burning

calorie

Burned at 3000 kPa

Time 1

Time 2

Time 3

Time 1

Time 2

Time 3

Aver

Corn Peanut Rice husk Rice strawSample

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Data on ash, humidity, and total carbon analysis Order Sample Result (%)

Humidity Ash Total carbon

1 Q5 (rơm) 9,00 13,20 38,90

2 Lưỡng Quảng (rơm) 9,80 140 38,10

3 Tạp giao (rơm) 9,40 13,60 38,50

4 Q5 (rạ) 13,60 12,30 37,05

5 Lưỡng Quảng (rạ) 11,80 12,70 37,75

6 Tạp giao (rạ) 10,40 13,80 37,90

7 Q5 (trấu) 8,20 17,50 37,15

8 Lưỡng Quảng (trấu) 7,20 12,90 39,95

9 Tạp giao (trấu) 8,00 13,40 39,30

10 Lõi + vỏ

bắp ngô 11,20 3,30 42,75

11 Thân ngô 12,40 10,70 38,45

12 Thân + vỏ

lạc 13,60 12,60 36,90

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Heat-electricity co-generation

combustor Boiler Turbine Elec. generator

Condensed water

Product dryingHeat exchange device

Air

Fuel

Recommend applicabale technologies

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Estimation of biomass electricity generation from by products in

Hai Duong province

·

Rice husk burning efficiency: η1

= 0,8·

combustor efficiency: η2 = 0,8

·

Boiler efficiency : η3 = 0,8·

Turbine efficiency : η4 = 0,75 ~ 0,85

·

Heat exchange efficiency: η5 = 0,3·

Electricity generator efficiency : η6

= 0,9 ~ 0,95Total efficiency:

η = 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,3 x 0,92 = 0,11

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If η = 11%, 1tonne of rice husk will be equivalent to:

1000 x 4,32 x 0,11 = 475,2 (kWh)

Similarly, 1 tonne of rice straw ~ 474,1 kWh.

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Tiềm năng điện năng từ các phụ phẩm SK từ canh tác lúa, ngô, lạc ở các tỉnh vùng Đồng bằng Bắc Bộ diễn biến qua các năm (*)

Tiềm năng điện năng (triệu kWh/năm)

Từ

Năm

rơm, rạ trấu

Từ thân, lá, lõi ngô

Từ thân, lá, vỏ lạc

Tổng

1999 3109,4 620,5 678,9 25,9 4434,7

2000 3213,6 641,2 599,7 32,1 4486,6

2001 3138,8 626,3 494,1 34,0 4293,3

2002 3303,4 659,1 534,9 35,1 4532,7

2003 3184,6 635,4 651,8 39,1 4510,9

2004 3291,3 656,7 743,7 46,0 4737,7

2005 3040,5 606,7 730,8 45,9 4423,9

2006 3195,8 637,7 703,5 42,4 4579,4

2007 3089,1 616,4 768,1 44,9 4518,5

Sơ bộ 2008 3220,0 642,5 877,4 47,5 4787,3

Trung bình 3178,7 634,3 678,3 39,3 4530,5

Electricity generation potential of by products over time

Electricity generation potential (Mill. kWh/year)

2008

Aver

TotalRice Corn PeanutYear

Straw husk

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Combustor selection

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Principles of fluidized bed combustion

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Socio-eco-environmental

benefits

Generate heat-electricity

Generate fertilizer (ash, etc)

Mitigate GHGs

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Socio-eco-environmental

benefits

Save resource

Generate a new energy in rural areas:

Increase income

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Recommendation on by products management

Policy solutions:•

Integrate renewable energy into development strategies

Proper planning for agricultural and rural development.

Financial and marketing support for bio-energy•

Prohibit uncontrolled

by-products burning

Disseminate

and spread typical by product use examples

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Economic solutions•

Financial support (investment, loan, etc)

Support researches on biomass application;•

Establish by product collection center

Improve traffic infrastructure

in rural areas

Technological solutions•

Research on small scale heat-electricity co-generation system

Research on effective mushroom planting techs

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Propaganda

solutions•

Improve awareness and knowledge on biomass energy through media

Intergrate biomass-related lessons into schools•

Training on collection, storage and utilization of by products before havest

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Conclusions•

Appicable technologies have been analyzed, evaluated and recommended

Using biomass for heat-electricity generation help improve socio-eco-environemt of rural areas

Further study is required.

By-product compression to generate high density material, reduce cost

Approate technologies for Vietnam

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Summary1. Northern Delta has favorable natural and climate

conditions. The cultivation land is narrowed due to industrialization.

2. Estimated average biomass of by-products3. Biomass is collected and used in households for cooking,

feeding, fertilizer, etc.

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4. Estimated theoretically 1tonne of rice husk is equivalent to 475,2 (kWh) and 1 tonne of rice straw ~ 474,1 kWh.

5. If entire by products are collected and used for electricity generation, the energy from biomass will be 4530,5×106 kWh/year

6. Biomass might be a feasible substitute for coal

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7. Recommended the FBC technology for heat-electricity co-generation

8. Heat-electricity co-generation from biomass brings high socio-economic benefits and mitigate environmental pollution

9. Complete collection of by-products is neccesary in order to reduce GHGs emission

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Recommendation1. Appropriate policies to encourage and support food

process factory to construct the heat-electricity co- generation system

2. Research on collection, transportation of by-products, conversion into solid compressed materials (pellet)

3. Encourage bio energy use by economic tools, encourage famers to use by products, guarantee the market for bio energy, etc

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OUTCOMES•

Scientific results

A final (closing) report8 special reports3 articles on special journals•

Applicable results

Technological products: Application of project’s results:•

Training results

Bachelor: 02Master: 01

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Other applicationshttp://nangluongsinhkhoi.blogspot.com/2006/01/sn-xut-in-t-ph-thi-

nng-nghip.html

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http://nangluongsinhkhoi.blogspot.com/2005/08/sn-xut-in-t-rc-nng- nghip-c-hi-mi-cho.html

Other applications

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http://sokhoahoccn.angiang.gov.vn/xemnoidung.asp?maidtt=2692&page=15

Other applications

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-

Length: 200-300mm -

Diameter: 85mm

-

Inner diameter: 20mm -

humidity: 6.83%

-

ash : 15.02 % -

Calorie:

3900-4000 Kcal/kg

-

sulphur:

0.055 -

Specific weight: 1160 kg/m3

Coal char substitute- Length : 3-5 cm-

Diameter: 4-8 cm

-

humidity:

8 %-

ash: 15 %

-

Calorie:

3900-4000 kcal/kg-

Specific weight :1.0 ton/m3

-

Packing: p.p 2nd

( 35kg/p.p )

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http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/2008/10/3BA071F5/

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http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/2008/10/3BA071F5/

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http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/2008/10/3BA071F5/

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http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/2008/10/3BA071F5/

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