POTUS 1-5President of the United

StatesA look at our first 5

Presidents

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

The first 5 POTUS’

1. George Washington2. John Adams3. Thomas Jefferson4. James Madison5. James Monroe

President George

Washington

• our nation’s ______ President• only president elected

_____________ • Being first is a very difficult

job.• There was no ____________

(standard) for how to be president of the United States.

• George was going to have to do this himself.

George Washington

First

unanimously

precedent

Civic Virtue

• The dedication of citizens to the ______________, above their own ________ interests

• I.E…giving back the money you found instead of keeping it for yourself.

common goodselfish

• George Washington did not want to be the president. He was not happy that he was elected…however,

• His desire for a strong country and his ___________ led him to accept the presidency.

civic virtue

Strong Government

• The person to get the ___________________ became GW’s Vice President

• The runner up was ________________

• GW and JA took the oath of office in ___________ the Nation’s capitol at the time.

Runner Up:

second most votes

John Adams

New York City

Creating a working government

• The framers created a Supreme Court but left the ________________. One of their first duties was to set up the court.

• Congress passed the _______________ _________ that – Gave the Supreme Court ____________, one

_____ Justice and five _________ justices, and– also created other _________________ courts

(appellate courts). We are in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals located in New Orleans.

– GW appointed _______ first Chief Justice

details to Congress

Federal JudiciaryActof 1789

six membersChief associate

lower, less powerful

John Jay

Link

Washington asks for help!• The Constitution gives Congress the power to create _________ to help the President lead the country. Congress create three departments right away: ______________, ________________, __________________

• The President has the power to ________ (choose) anyone he wants to ______ the departments with the _________________.

Here I come to save the day!

departments

Department of WarDepartment of State Department of the Treasury.

appointlead

approval of the Senate

Because he can’t do everything

• The heads of the Departments became known as the _____________. These are people smart in their jobs who can help __________ and ________ the President on issues he/she may ____________________.

– Secretary of ____ – __________ a general in the Revolution. He oversaw the country’s _________

President’s Cabinetgive advice

counselnot know everything about

War Henry Knoxdefenses

Link

• Secretary of _______ – ___. He oversaw ___________ between the U.S. and __________________

• Secretary of the ____________ – ____________________. His job was to _______________________________.

State TJrelationsother countries

TreasuryAlexander Hamilton

manage the government’s money

One more thing…

• To advise the government on legal matters, Washington appointed Edmund Randolph as _______________.Attorney General

Economic (_____) Problems

• United States had a large ____ (money the U.S. owed to banks or other countries).

• Why did the U.S. have such a large debt?

MONEY

debt

We borrowed money from France to fight the revolution

• The new cabinet position of Secretary of the Treasury went to _________ _________.

• His job was to create a plan to fix the national debt problem.

Alexander Hamilton

• Step one– earn ________ for the government

Hamilton’ Plan

money

How will Hamilton make money for the U.S.?

• by creating tariffs:_______________a type of tax

• Step Two– ____ off all the war debt.– Foreign countries may not do

business if we _______________, or – may simply _______ us to get it

back…

pay

owe them moneyinvade

• Step Three– create a _____________.– establish a single national _________.

•This would make doing _________ easier•Because you can use one type of dollar

instead of many different state dollars.

national bank currency

business

• These changes would make the U.S. a _________ nation.

stronger

• The tariff encouraged the growth of American ____________________ by making goods from foreign countries more ________

manufacturing and business

expensive

Lets’ Grab a box !

How protective tariffs work…

Made in the USAMade in France

$1.00 $2.00

How protective tariffs work…

Made in the USAMade in France

$1.00 $2.00To “protect American manufacturers…

the government places a _________ on the price of the foreign good, making it more expensive

tariff

+ 1.50 Tariff

= 2.50 Total

• People would be encouraged to buy the now cheaper American goods. This is called a __________ tariff because it _________ U.S. interests (jobs, businesses, government, etc.)

protectiveprotects

Buy American! and Save!

Controversy over the National Bank

• Part of Hamilton’s plan, creating the National Bank was opposed by __________ and __________ because they believed it would benefit only the __________.

• TJ said the bank would be ____________ because the Constitution does not _________________ the government has the power to ______________.

JeffersonMadison

wealthyunconstitutional

specifically saycreate a bank

Controversy over the National Bank

• Hamilton argued that the Constitution says the Congress may “___________________ ____________________” for the purpose of running the country.

• This is called the “_____________” because it allows the ____________ to _______ and bend it the new, ______________ of the nation as it grows.

• The elastic clause helps to prevent us from needing to make _____________ (which takes forever) all the time.

make all Laws which shallbe necessary and proper

elastic clauseconstitution stretch

changing needs

amendments

Controversy over the National Bank

• Washington agreed with ____________ argument and signed the Banking bill into law.

• This argument highlighted the differences in how to ______________ the Constitution:– Jefferson and Madison believed in a “________”

interpretation…the government only has the powers the _______________________________.

– Hamilton believed in a ________ interpretation saying the elastic clause gives the Congress ___________ to carry out the government’s duties.

Hamilton’s

read and interpretstrict

Constitution has WRITTEN downloose

flexibility

French Revolution• During Washington’s presidency the

French people had their own _________ that was extremely _______…eventually the French King was _________.

• Other European nations were ________ by this Revolution and declared _____ against France, _______ led the charge.

revolutionviolentbeheaded

threatened

warEngland

Another European War…• The war between France and England

put the U.S. in a _________________. France was our biggest _____ during the American Revolution and we were still under ________ with them.

• Jefferson said to crush the French Revolution would be an attack on ______ ____________.

• Hamilton said Britain was our best ______________ and we should not risk _____ with them.

difficult situationally

treaty

libertyeverywhere

trading partnerwar

GW: “Let’s keep out of it…”

• In 1793, Washington declared in the _____________________ that the United States would remain ______ and the U.S. would remain “_______ _____________” to both sides.

• Congress then passed a law forbidding the U.S. from helping either side.

Proclamation of Neutralityneutral

friendlyand impartial

Easier said than done.

• England made our __________ difficult by seizing the ________ of American _____ trading with the ________, the Brits were also causing trouble with ________ on our western border.

• So, GW sent _________ (the high court chief justice) to ________ with the French. He wrote _____________ stating the British will leave North America and our ships ________.

neutralitycargoes ships

Frenchnatives

John Jaynegotiate

Jay’s Treaty

alone

Whiskey Rebellion• Grain farmers would harvest the grain

and turn the excess into___________.• Grain that would normally ruin and go

to waste was then turned into a ________

• This also made it easier to _________ from place to place.

whiskey

profit.transport

In order to make more money the government started charging a tax on ____________whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion • Farmer’s protested against the

government’s ______ on whiskey by attacking tax collectors.

• Washington responded by sending in the U.S. army

• This was the 1st big test of the new government’s ______________authority

tax

The Fed. Gov. rules!

• During the ___________________, Shays’ Rebellion proved that government ___________. It did not have the power or the authority to ________ its citizens.

• The Whiskey Rebellion proved just the opposite…the new _____________ government did have the ________ and ___________ to protect its citizens and it was supported enough to use it!

Articles of Confederation

did not workprotect

Constitutionalpower

authority

• George Washington showed that armed ___________ against the new government (that was so effective against the King of England as colonies) would _____ be tolerated in the new United States.

• Clearly established ________ control over the states

rebellion

federal

Federal Government

State

NOT

Farewell Address • Washington was elected to the

presidency __________• ________ the offer to serve a third

term (this is how the tradition of 2 terms started…he was setting a precedent!)

• Before leaving office, he explained what he thought would be the most ______________ that future presidents MUST address to keep the country together

twice

important issues

Declined

Beware of the Future

• The “_____________” was Washington’s speech to congress at the end of his second term as president

• It explained what he believed were ______________ to the United States:

Farewell Address

three dangers

1. _______________ could divide Americans and destroy the cooperation needed in government.

Washington’s 3 Warnings

Political parties

2. ___________, or political divisions based on geographic loyalties such as between the northern and southern states

Sectionalism

3. involvement in _____________ European rivalries that repeatedly drove those nations to war.

Foreign affairs