Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population) · 2019-12-09 · St. Lucia 4.7 • L Bolivia 4.9 • 5 ... Estimated percentage of each country’s population that is living

1 Sustainable Development Report 2019 Transformations to achieve the SDGs

Indicator Value Rating Trend

*Imputed data point

Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.

• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain •• Data not available L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing

Estimated percentage of each country’s population that is living under the poverty threshold of US$1.90 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of the income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2019) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available)

Colombia 3.8 • LPhilippines 4.1 • LBrazil 4.3 • pIndonesia 4.4 • LSt. Lucia 4.7 • LBolivia 4.9 • 5Guyana 5.2 • LUzbekistan 6.2 • LNepal 7.2 • DBangladesh 7.2 • LGuatemala 7.3 • DThe Gambia 8.5 • DGhana 10.5 • LLao PDR 10.6 • LVanuatu 11.2 • DBelize 11.5 • pDjibouti 14.7 • LCabo Verde 16.0 • LBotswana 17.0 • DHonduras 17.6 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 19.0 • LNamibia 20.1 • pComoros 20.3 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 20.3 • LAngola 20.4 • pSuriname 20.6 • pCameroon 21.0 • 5Guinea 21.1 • LSudan 22.4 • pHaiti 23.0 • 5Solomon Islands 23.5 • DSouth Africa 24.5 • 5Ethiopia 25.4 • 5Venezuela, RB 27.4 • pKenya 29.3 • DSenegal 30.1 • DPapua New Guinea 30.1 • pUganda 31.5 • pTimor-Leste 33.9 • pBurkina Faso 37.4 • 5Mali 37.4 • DChad 38.4 • pSierra Leone 39.0 • DEswatini 40.5 • 5Tanzania 41.4 • 5Liberia 42.9 • pTogo 45.6 • pBenin 46.0 • 5Nigeria 47.7 • p

Rwanda 47.8 • 5Somalia 49.2 • 5Lesotho 52.7 • pZambia 53.1 • 5Congo, Rep. 56.2 • pGuinea-Bissau 56.3 • DMozambique 56.6 • 5Niger 64.5 • 5Malawi 67.9 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 71.6 • 5Central African Republic 72.8 • 5Madagascar 76.8 • 5Burundi 76.9 • pSouth Sudan 80.7 • pAfghanistan NA* • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahrain NA* • ••Brunei Darussalam NA* • ••Cuba NA* • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA* • ••Eritrea NA* • ••Grenada NA* • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA* • ••Kuwait NA* • ••Libya NA* • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA* • ••Palau NA • ••Qatar NA* • ••San Marino NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA* • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA* • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA* • ••Yemen, Rep. NA* • ••Zimbabwe NA* • ••

Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population)

Azerbaijan 0.0 • LBhutan 0.0 • LMalaysia 0.0 • LRussian Federation 0.0 • LThailand 0.0 • LTurkey 0.0 • LKazakhstan 0.0 • LMontenegro 0.0 • LNew Zealand 0.0 • LUruguay 0.0 • LDominican Republic 0.0 • LLebanon 0.0 • LPoland 0.0 • LMoldova 0.0 • LTurkmenistan 0.0 • LBelarus 0.0 • LCyprus 0.1 • LSwitzerland 0.1 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • LLuxembourg 0.1 • LFinland 0.1 • LUkraine 0.1 • LTonga 0.1 • LEstonia 0.1 • LMalta 0.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.1 • LSerbia 0.1 • LUnited Kingdom 0.2 • LIceland 0.2 • LIreland 0.2 • LRomania 0.2 • LSlovenia 0.2 • LTunisia 0.2 • LChile 0.2 • LGermany 0.2 • LMorocco 0.2 • LCambodia 0.2 • LMauritius 0.2 • LNetherlands 0.2 • LDenmark 0.2 • LBelgium 0.2 • LChina 0.2 • LFrance 0.2 • LIsrael 0.2 • LSamoa 0.3 • LAlbania 0.3 • LFiji 0.3 • LNorway 0.3 • LAlgeria 0.3 • L

Czech Republic 0.3 • LMongolia 0.3 • LSri Lanka 0.3 • LTrinidad and Tobago 0.3 • LCanada 0.4 • LAustria 0.4 • LHungary 0.5 • LKorea, Rep. 0.5 • LAustralia 0.5 • LJapan 0.5 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.5 • LSweden 0.5 • LUnited States 0.5 • LLatvia 0.6 • LPortugal 0.6 • LArgentina 0.6 • LCroatia 0.6 • LLithuania 0.7 • LJordan 0.7 • LVietnam 0.7 • LSingapore 0.9 • LArmenia 0.9 • LSlovak Republic 0.9 • LCosta Rica 0.9 • LSpain 0.9 • LKyrgyz Republic 1.0 • LPakistan 1.0 • LJamaica 1.0 • LParaguay 1.0 • LEl Salvador 1.2 • LIraq 1.3 • LBulgaria 1.3 • LItaly 1.4 • LGreece 1.4 • LMaldives 1.5 • LMexico 1.6 • LPanama 1.7 • LTajikistan 1.8 • LThe Bahamas 1.9 • LPeru 2.4 • LBarbados 2.5 • 5Gabon 2.6 • LEcuador 2.7 • LNicaragua 2.8 • LMyanmar 2.9 • LIndia 2.9 • LGeorgia 3.3 • 5Mauritania 3.3 • LNorth Macedonia 3.4 • L

Sustainable Development Report 2019 Transformations to achieve the SDGs2


*Imputed data point


• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain •• Data not available L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing

Estimated percentage of each country’s population that is living under the poverty threshold of US$3.20 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of the income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2019) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available)

Kyrgyz Republic 17.1 • LMauritania 17.3 • LMyanmar 18.1 • LGuatemala 21.3 • 5Pakistan 22.1 • LPhilippines 23.5 • LIndonesia 23.7 • LBelize 24.2 • pGhana 24.5 • DUzbekistan 27.1 • LIndia 27.4 • LSuriname 30.7 • pHonduras 31.1 • 5Namibia 31.9 • pBotswana 32.6 • DThe Gambia 33.0 • 5Nepal 33.7 • 5South Africa 34.3 • 5Vanuatu 34.6 • 5Djibouti 35.6 • DCabo Verde 35.7 • DBangladesh 37.9 • LComoros 38.0 • 5Cameroon 39.1 • 5Lao PDR 39.1 • DAngola 42.0 • pCôte d’Ivoire 43.8 • DVenezuela, RB 47.5 • pHaiti 47.6 • 5Sudan 50.0 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 50.6 • DGuinea 52.9 • DSolomon Islands 53.5 • 5Papua New Guinea 53.9 • pEthiopia 54.4 • 5Kenya 56.3 • DSenegal 56.4 • DUganda 59.9 • pEswatini 60.8 • 5Chad 63.5 • pMali 69.8 • 5Benin 70.0 • 5Togo 70.3 • pSierra Leone 71.3 • 5Burkina Faso 71.3 • 5Zambia 71.6 • 5Lesotho 72.0 • pTanzania 73.0 • 5Liberia 73.8 • p

Timor-Leste 74.4 • pRwanda 74.5 • 5Somalia 76.9 • 5Nigeria 77.0 • pCongo, Rep. 78.2 • pMozambique 78.2 • 5Guinea-Bissau 78.7 • 5Central African Republic 87.7 • 5Malawi 88.0 • 5Niger 89.4 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 90.2 • 5Madagascar 92.5 • 5Burundi 93.1 • pSouth Sudan 94.9 • pAfghanistan NA* • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahrain NA* • ••Brunei Darussalam NA* • ••Cuba NA* • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA* • ••Eritrea NA* • ••Grenada NA* • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA* • ••Kuwait NA* • ••Libya NA* • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA* • ••Palau NA • ••Qatar NA* • ••San Marino NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA* • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA* • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA* • ••Yemen, Rep. NA* • ••Zimbabwe NA* • ••

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20/day (% population)

Azerbaijan 0.0 • LThailand 0.0 • LMalaysia 0.0 • LNew Zealand 0.0 • LRussian Federation 0.1 • LLebanon 0.1 • LBelarus 0.1 • LCyprus 0.1 • LPoland 0.1 • LSwitzerland 0.1 • LLuxembourg 0.1 • LMontenegro 0.1 • LFinland 0.1 • LUruguay 0.1 • LKazakhstan 0.1 • LMalta 0.2 • LIceland 0.2 • LIreland 0.2 • LUnited Kingdom 0.2 • LSlovenia 0.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 • LEstonia 0.2 • LGermany 0.2 • LNetherlands 0.3 • LDenmark 0.3 • LUkraine 0.3 • LBelgium 0.3 • LFrance 0.3 • LNorway 0.3 • LCzech Republic 0.4 • LMoldova 0.4 • LTurkmenistan 0.4 • LAustria 0.5 • LCanada 0.5 • LSerbia 0.5 • LTurkey 0.5 • LSweden 0.6 • LAustralia 0.6 • LIsrael 0.6 • LKorea, Rep. 0.7 • LJapan 0.7 • LUnited States 0.7 • LHungary 0.8 • LPortugal 0.9 • LLatvia 0.9 • LChile 1.0 • LSingapore 1.1 • LRomania 1.1 • LLithuania 1.1 • L

Slovak Republic 1.2 • LCroatia 1.2 • LMauritius 1.3 • LSpain 1.3 • LTrinidad and Tobago 1.4 • LItaly 1.8 • LCosta Rica 1.8 • LAlgeria 2.0 • LBulgaria 2.2 • LTunisia 2.2 • LGreece 2.4 • DChina 2.5 • LArgentina 2.6 • 5Albania 3.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 3.2 • pThe Bahamas 3.8 • 5Vietnam 4.3 • LMongolia 4.3 • 5Paraguay 4.5 • LTonga 4.8 • LSamoa 5.0 • LMorocco 5.1 • LDominican Republic 5.2 • LPanama 5.4 • LBarbados 6.3 • 5El Salvador 7.9 • LArmenia 8.4 • LNorth Macedonia 8.6 • DPeru 8.7 • DMaldives 8.8 • LSri Lanka 8.9 • LFiji 9.1 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 9.5 • LEcuador 10.3 • DSt. Lucia 10.3 • LBrazil 11.2 • pBolivia 11.7 • 5Mexico 11.7 • LGuyana 11.9 • DColombia 11.9 • DBhutan 12.0 • DGabon 12.7 • DCambodia 12.7 • LTajikistan 12.8 • LJordan 13.1 • pNicaragua 13.4 • 5Jamaica 13.7 • 5Georgia 14.3 • DIraq 15.5 • D



*Imputed data point



Relative poverty is measured as the share of the population whose incomes fall below half the median disposable income for the entire population. The income threshold for relative poverty changes over time with changes in median disposable income.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Poverty rate after taxes and transfers, poverty line 50% (% population)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 5.4 • LDenmark 5.5 • LCzech Republic 5.6 • LFinland 5.8 • LNorway 8.2 • LFrance 8.3 • LNetherlands 8.3 • LSlovak Republic 8.5 • LSlovenia 8.7 • LSweden 9.1 • LSwitzerland 9.1 • LBelgium 9.7 • LAustria 9.8 • LIreland 9.8 • LGermany 10.1 • pHungary 10.1 • pPoland 10.3 • 5New Zealand 10.9 • p

Luxembourg 11.1 • ••United Kingdom 11.1 • 5Australia 12.1 • LCanada 12.4 • pPortugal 12.5 • pItaly 13.7 • pKorea, Rep. 13.8 • DGreece 14.4 • pSpain 15.5 • pEstonia 15.7 • pJapan 15.7 • 5Chile 16.1 • LMexico 16.7 • LLatvia 16.8 • pLithuania 16.9 • pTurkey 17.2 • DIsrael 17.7 • pUnited States 17.8 • 5



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements for minimum one year. Dietary energy requirements are defined as the amount of dietary energy required by an individual to maintain body functions, health and normal activity. FAO et al. (2015) report 14.7 million undernourished people in developed regions, which corresponds to an average prevalence of 1.17% in the developed regions. We assumed a 1.2% prevalence rate for each high-income country (World Bank, 2018) with missing data. Source: FAO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Georgia 7.4 • LUzbekistan 7.4 • LGuyana 7.5 • LSuriname 7.6 • LIndonesia 7.7 • LEcuador 7.8 • LChina 8.7 • LPeru 8.8 • LJamaica 8.9 • DThailand 9.0 • 5Panama 9.2 • LGabon 9.4 • 5Nepal 9.5 • 5The Gambia 9.6 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 10.2 • LEl Salvador 10.3 • LBenin 10.4 • 5Dominican Republic 10.4 • LMyanmar 10.5 • LVietnam 10.8 • LLebanon 10.9 • pSri Lanka 10.9 • LMaldives 11.0 • 5Paraguay 11.2 • DMauritania 11.3 • pSenegal 11.3 • LNigeria 11.5 • pVenezuela, RB 11.7 • pCabo Verde 12.3 • LSolomon Islands 12.3 • 5Lesotho 12.8 • 5Jordan 13.5 • pPhilippines 13.7 • 5Niger 14.4 • pIndia 14.8 • DBangladesh 15.2 • DHonduras 15.3 • 5Guatemala 15.8 • 5Nicaragua 16.2 • DTogo 16.2 • DLao PDR 16.6 • DCambodia 18.5 • 5Mongolia 18.7 • pDjibouti 19.7 • 5Guinea 19.7 • pBolivia 19.8 • DPakistan 20.5 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 20.7 • 5Eswatini 20.7 • 5

Burkina Faso 21.3 • pEthiopia 21.4 • LAngola 23.9 • LKenya 24.2 • pSudan 25.2 • 5Namibia 25.4 • LSierra Leone 25.5 • pGuinea-Bissau 26.0 • pMalawi 26.3 • pTimor-Leste 27.2 • pIraq 27.7 • pBotswana 28.5 • pAfghanistan 30.3 • pMozambique 30.5 • pTanzania 32.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 34.4 • pRwanda 36.1 • pCongo, Rep. 37.5 • 5Liberia 38.8 • pChad 39.7 • pUganda 41.4 • pMadagascar 43.1 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 43.4 • pZambia 44.5 • 5Haiti 45.8 • 5Zimbabwe 46.6 • pCentral African Republic 61.8 • pBhutan NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Libya NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Andorra 1.2* • ••Antigua and Barbuda 1.2* • ••The Bahamas 1.2* • ••Bahrain 1.2* • ••Liechtenstein 1.2* • ••Monaco 1.2* • ••Palau 1.2* • ••Qatar 1.2* • ••San Marino 1.2* • ••Seychelles 1.2* • ••Singapore 1.2* • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2* • ••Australia 2.5 • LAustria 2.5 • LAzerbaijan 2.5 • LBelarus 2.5 • LBelgium 2.5 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 2.5 • LBrazil 2.5 • LCanada 2.5 • LCroatia 2.5 • LCuba 2.5 • LCzech Republic 2.5 • LDenmark 2.5 • LFinland 2.5 • LFrance 2.5 • LGermany 2.5 • LGreece 2.5 • LHungary 2.5 • LIceland 2.5 • LIreland 2.5 • LIsrael 2.5 • LItaly 2.5 • LJapan 2.5 • LKazakhstan 2.5 • LKorea, Rep. 2.5 • LKuwait 2.5 • LLatvia 2.5 • LLithuania 2.5 • LLuxembourg 2.5 • LMalta 2.5 • LMontenegro 2.5 • LNetherlands 2.5 • LNew Zealand 2.5 • LNorway 2.5 • LPoland 2.5 • LPortugal 2.5 • LRomania 2.5 • LRussian Federation 2.5 • L

Slovenia 2.5 • LSpain 2.5 • LSweden 2.5 • LSwitzerland 2.5 • LTurkey 2.5 • LUnited Arab Emirates 2.5 • LUnited Kingdom 2.5 • LUnited States 2.5 • LUruguay 2.5 • LBrunei Darussalam 2.6 • LSlovak Republic 2.7 • LEstonia 2.8 • LMalaysia 2.9 • LBulgaria 3.0 • LKiribati 3.1 • LSamoa 3.1 • LChile 3.3 • LUkraine 3.3 • LBarbados 3.7 • LArgentina 3.8 • LMexico 3.8 • LMorocco 3.9 • LNorth Macedonia 4.1 • LArmenia 4.3 • LCosta Rica 4.4 • LFiji 4.4 • LCyprus 4.6 • LAlgeria 4.7 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 4.8 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.9 • LTrinidad and Tobago 4.9 • LTunisia 4.9 • LDominica 5.2 • LOman 5.4 • LAlbania 5.5 • LSaudi Arabia 5.5 • LTurkmenistan 5.5 • LSerbia 5.6 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 5.7 • L

Mauritius 5.8 • LMali 6.0 • LGhana 6.1 • LSouth Africa 6.1 • LBelize 6.5 • LColombia 6.5 • LKyrgyz Republic 6.5 • LVanuatu 7.1 • LCameroon 7.3 • L

Prevalence of undernourishment (% population)



*Imputed data point



The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years that are stunted, measured as the percentage that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median height for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of stunting in high-income countries of 2.58%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Bolivia 16.1 • DLebanon 16.5 • DSenegal 17.0 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 17.2 • LNicaragua 17.3 • DSri Lanka 17.3 • DGabon 17.5 • DAzerbaijan 18.0 • DGhana 18.8 • DPanama 19.1 • DUzbekistan 19.6 • 5Brunei Darussalam 19.7 • 5Maldives 20.3 • DMalaysia 20.7 • 5Libya 21.0 • 5Congo, Rep. 21.2 • DCôte d’Ivoire 21.6 • DHaiti 21.9 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 22.3 • LIraq 22.6 • DHonduras 22.7 • DUkraine 22.9 • 5Albania 23.1 • 5Namibia 23.1 • DEcuador 23.9 • DNauru 24.0 • ••Vietnam 24.6 • LThe Gambia 25.0 • 5Somalia 25.3 • 5Eswatini 25.5 • DKenya 26.0 • 5Equatorial Guinea 26.2 • DTajikistan 26.8 • 5Zimbabwe 26.8 • DBurkina Faso 27.3 • DSouth Africa 27.4 • DSyrian Arab Republic 27.5 • 5Togo 27.5 • 5Guinea-Bissau 27.6 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 27.9 • DMauritania 27.9 • pVanuatu 28.5 • 5Uganda 28.9 • 5Myanmar 29.2 • 5Mali 30.4 • 5South Sudan 31.1 • 5Botswana 31.4 • 5Solomon Islands 31.6 • 5Cameroon 31.7 • 5

Comoros 32.1 • 5Liberia 32.1 • DCambodia 32.4 • 5Guinea 32.4 • DLesotho 33.2 • 5Philippines 33.4 • 5Djibouti 33.5 • 5Bhutan 33.6 • 5Benin 34.0 • DTanzania 34.4 • 5Nepal 35.8 • 5Bangladesh 36.1 • 5Indonesia 36.4 • 5Malawi 37.1 • 5Angola 37.6 • 5Rwanda 37.9 • 5Sierra Leone 37.9 • 5Sudan 38.2 • 5Ethiopia 38.4 • 5India 38.4 • 5Chad 39.9 • 5Zambia 40.0 • 5Central African Republic 40.7 • 5Afghanistan 40.9 • 5Niger 42.2 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 42.6 • 5Mozambique 43.1 • 5Nigeria 43.6 • DLao PDR 43.8 • 5Pakistan 45.0 • 5Guatemala 46.5 • 5Yemen, Rep. 46.5 • DMadagascar 49.2 • 5Papua New Guinea 49.5 • 5Timor-Leste 50.2 • 5Eritrea 50.3 • 5Burundi 55.9 • 5Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Russian Federation NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••

Germany 1.3 • LChile 1.8 • LAustralia 2.0 • LUnited States 2.1 • LKorea, Rep. 2.5 • LSt. Lucia 2.5 • LAndorra 2.6* • LAntigua and Barbuda 2.6* • LAustria 2.6* • LThe Bahamas 2.6* • LBahrain 2.6* • LBelgium 2.6* • LCanada 2.6* • LCroatia 2.6* • LCyprus 2.6* • LDenmark 2.6* • LEstonia 2.6* • LFinland 2.6* • LFrance 2.6* • LGreece 2.6* • LHungary 2.6* • LIceland 2.6* • LIreland 2.6* • LIsrael 2.6* • LItaly 2.6* • LLatvia 2.6* • LLiechtenstein 2.6* • ••Lithuania 2.6* • LLuxembourg 2.6* • LMalta 2.6* • LMonaco 2.6* • ••Netherlands 2.6* • LNew Zealand 2.6* • LNorway 2.6* • LPalau 2.6* • ••Poland 2.6* • LPortugal 2.6* • LQatar 2.6* • LSan Marino 2.6* • ••Slovak Republic 2.6* • LSlovenia 2.6* • LSpain 2.6* • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 2.6* • ••Sweden 2.6* • LSwitzerland 2.6* • LUnited Arab Emirates 2.6* • LUnited Kingdom 2.6* • LCzech Republic 2.6 • LSingapore 4.4 • L

Belarus 4.5 • LSamoa 4.7 • LKuwait 4.9 • LNorth Macedonia 4.9 • LCosta Rica 5.6 • LParaguay 5.6 • LSerbia 6.0 • LJamaica 6.2 • LMoldova 6.4 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 6.8 • LCuba 7.0 • LBrazil 7.1 • LDominican Republic 7.1 • LJapan 7.1 • LFiji 7.5 • LBarbados 7.7 • LJordan 7.8 • LSeychelles 7.9 • 5Kazakhstan 8.0 • LChina 8.1 • DTonga 8.1 • DArgentina 8.2 • LBulgaria 8.8 • DSuriname 8.8 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 8.9 • LSaudi Arabia 9.3 • DArmenia 9.4 • LMontenegro 9.4 • 5Turkey 9.5 • DTuvalu 10.0 • ••Tunisia 10.1 • DThailand 10.5 • 5Uruguay 10.7 • DMongolia 10.8 • DTrinidad and Tobago 11.0 • LGeorgia 11.3 • DTurkmenistan 11.5 • LAlgeria 11.7 • DGuyana 12.0 • DMexico 12.4 • DColombia 12.7 • DRomania 12.8 • DKyrgyz Republic 12.9 • DPeru 13.1 • LVenezuela, RB 13.4 • 5El Salvador 13.6 • DOman 14.1 • pMorocco 14.9 • DBelize 15.0 • D

Prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age) in children under 5 years of age (%)



*Imputed data point



The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years whose weight falls below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 0.75%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

St. Lucia 3.7 • LSerbia 3.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 4.0 • LKenya 4.0 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 4.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 4.0 • LAlgeria 4.1 • LVenezuela, RB 4.1 • LArmenia 4.2 • LTurkmenistan 4.2 • LSeychelles 4.3 • LVanuatu 4.4 • LBenin 4.5 • LTanzania 4.5 • LUzbekistan 4.5 • LCzech Republic 4.6 • LGhana 4.7 • LAngola 4.9 • LSuriname 5.0 • LBurundi 5.1 • 5Cameroon 5.2 • LHaiti 5.2 • LTonga 5.2 • DThailand 5.4 • 5Liberia 5.6 • LBhutan 5.9 • LCôte d’Ivoire 6.0 • LGuinea-Bissau 6.0 • LMozambique 6.1 • LFiji 6.3 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 6.3 • LZambia 6.3 • 5Guyana 6.4 • DLao PDR 6.4 • 5Vietnam 6.4 • LLibya 6.5 • 5Lebanon 6.6 • LTogo 6.7 • pBarbados 6.8 • LMyanmar 7.0 • LNamibia 7.1 • DPhilippines 7.1 • 5Botswana 7.2 • DSenegal 7.2 • DCentral African Republic 7.4 • DIraq 7.4 • DOman 7.5 • 5Burkina Faso 7.6 • DSolomon Islands 7.9 • L

Congo, Dem. Rep. 8.1 • LGuinea 8.1 • 5Congo, Rep. 8.2 • pUkraine 8.2 • LAlbania 9.4 • DSierra Leone 9.4 • DAfghanistan 9.5 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 9.5 • LCambodia 9.6 • DNepal 9.7 • DEthiopia 9.9 • 5Tajikistan 9.9 • 5Maldives 10.2 • DNiger 10.3 • 5Pakistan 10.5 • 5Nigeria 10.8 • 5Timor-Leste 11.0 • DComoros 11.1 • DThe Gambia 11.1 • pMalaysia 11.5 • pSyrian Arab Republic 11.5 • pSaudi Arabia 11.8 • LChad 13.0 • 5Indonesia 13.5 • 5Mali 13.5 • pBangladesh 14.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 14.3 • DMauritania 14.8 • pSomalia 15.0 • 5Sri Lanka 15.1 • DMadagascar 15.2 • 5Eritrea 15.3 • 5Sudan 16.3 • DYemen, Rep. 16.3 • pIndia 21.0 • 5Djibouti 21.5 • 5South Sudan 22.7 • DCabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Russian Federation NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••

Australia 0.0 • LChile 0.3 • LUnited States 0.5 • LAndorra 0.7* • LAntigua and Barbuda 0.7* • LAustria 0.7* • LThe Bahamas 0.7* • LBahrain 0.7* • LBelgium 0.7* • LCanada 0.7* • LCroatia 0.7* • LCyprus 0.7* • LDenmark 0.7* • LEstonia 0.7* • LFinland 0.7* • LFrance 0.7* • LGreece 0.7* • LGuatemala 0.7 • LHungary 0.7* • LIceland 0.7* • LIreland 0.7* • LIsrael 0.7* • LItaly 0.7* • LLatvia 0.7* • LLiechtenstein 0.7* • ••Lithuania 0.7* • LLuxembourg 0.7* • LMalta 0.7* • LMonaco 0.7* • ••Netherlands 0.7* • LNew Zealand 0.7* • LNorway 0.7* • LPalau 0.7* • ••Poland 0.7* • LPortugal 0.7* • LQatar 0.7* • LSan Marino 0.7* • ••Slovak Republic 0.7* • LSlovenia 0.7* • LSpain 0.7* • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.7* • ••Sweden 0.7* • LSwitzerland 0.7* • LUnited Arab Emirates 0.7* • LUnited Kingdom 0.7* • LColombia 0.9 • LCosta Rica 1.0 • LGermany 1.0 • LMexico 1.0 • L

Mongolia 1.0 • LNauru 1.0 • ••Paraguay 1.0 • LPeru 1.0 • LArgentina 1.2 • LKorea, Rep. 1.2 • LPanama 1.2 • LUruguay 1.3 • LHonduras 1.4 • LBrazil 1.6 • LEcuador 1.6 • LGeorgia 1.6 • LTurkey 1.7 • LBelize 1.8 • LNorth Macedonia 1.8 • LChina 1.9 • LMoldova 1.9 • LBolivia 2.0 • LEswatini 2.0 • LEl Salvador 2.1 • LBelarus 2.2 • LNicaragua 2.2 • LRwanda 2.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 2.3 • LJapan 2.3 • LMorocco 2.3 • LCuba 2.4 • LDominican Republic 2.4 • LJordan 2.4 • LSouth Africa 2.5 • LMalawi 2.7 • LKyrgyz Republic 2.8 • LLesotho 2.8 • LMontenegro 2.8 • LTunisia 2.8 • LBrunei Darussalam 2.9 • LAzerbaijan 3.1 • LEquatorial Guinea 3.1 • LKazakhstan 3.1 • LKuwait 3.1 • LBulgaria 3.2 • LZimbabwe 3.2 • LTuvalu 3.3 • ••Gabon 3.4 • LRomania 3.5 • LJamaica 3.6 • LSingapore 3.6 • LUganda 3.6 • LSamoa 3.7 • L

Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%)



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the adult population that has a body mass index (BMI) of 30kg/m2 or higher, based on measured height and weight.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Guatemala 21.2 • pGrenada 21.3 • pPapua New Guinea 21.3 • pHonduras 21.4 • pSerbia 21.5 • pFrance 21.6 • pAlbania 21.7 • pGeorgia 21.7 • pCyprus 21.8 • pIceland 21.9 • pBelgium 22.1 • pBrazil 22.1 • pFinland 22.2 • pColombia 22.3 • pGermany 22.3 • pNorth Macedonia 22.4 • pRomania 22.5 • pSolomon Islands 22.5 • pLuxembourg 22.6 • pHaiti 22.7 • pPanama 22.7 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 22.9 • pBarbados 23.1 • pNorway 23.1 • pPoland 23.1 • pRussian Federation 23.1 • pMontenegro 23.3 • pLatvia 23.6 • pNicaragua 23.7 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

23.7 • p

Spain 23.8 • pBelize 24.1 • pUkraine 24.1 • pCroatia 24.4 • pBelarus 24.5 • pCuba 24.6 • pEl Salvador 24.6 • pJamaica 24.7 • pGreece 24.9 • pBulgaria 25.0 • pVanuatu 25.2 • pIreland 25.3 • pAndorra 25.6 • pVenezuela, RB 25.6 • pCosta Rica 25.7 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 25.8 • pCzech Republic 26.0 • pIsrael 26.1 • p

Morocco 26.1 • pLithuania 26.3 • pHungary 26.4 • pSuriname 26.4 • pTunisia 26.9 • pOman 27.0 • pAlgeria 27.4 • pDominican Republic 27.6 • pSyrian Arab Republic 27.8 • pUnited Kingdom 27.8 • pDominica 27.9 • pUruguay 27.9 • pChile 28.0 • pArgentina 28.3 • pSouth Africa 28.3 • pMalta 28.9 • pMexico 28.9 • pAustralia 29.0 • pCanada 29.4 • pBahrain 29.8 • pFiji 30.2 • pIraq 30.4 • pNew Zealand 30.8 • pThe Bahamas 31.6 • pUnited Arab Emirates 31.7 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 32.0 • pLebanon 32.0 • pTurkey 32.1 • pLibya 32.5 • pQatar 35.1 • pSaudi Arabia 35.4 • pJordan 35.5 • pUnited States 36.2 • pKuwait 37.9 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 45.8 • pKiribati 46.0 • pSamoa 47.3 • pTonga 48.2 • pTuvalu 51.6 • pMarshall Islands 52.9 • pPalau 55.3 • pNauru 61.0 • pLiechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••San Marino NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Sudan NA • ••

Vietnam 2.1 • LBangladesh 3.6 • LTimor-Leste 3.8 • LCambodia 3.9 • LIndia 3.9 • LNepal 4.1 • LJapan 4.3 • LEthiopia 4.5 • LKorea, Rep. 4.7 • LEritrea 5.0 • LSri Lanka 5.2 • LLao PDR 5.3 • LMadagascar 5.3 • LUganda 5.3 • LBurundi 5.4 • LAfghanistan 5.5 • LNiger 5.5 • LBurkina Faso 5.6 • LMalawi 5.8 • LMyanmar 5.8 • LRwanda 5.8 • LChad 6.1 • LSingapore 6.1 • LChina 6.2 • LBhutan 6.4 • LPhilippines 6.4 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 6.7 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 6.8 • LIndonesia 6.9 • LKenya 7.1 • LMozambique 7.2 • LCentral African Republic 7.5 • LGuinea 7.7 • LComoros 7.8 • LEquatorial Guinea 8.0 • LZambia 8.1 • LAngola 8.2 • LSomalia 8.3 • LTanzania 8.4 • LTogo 8.4 • LMaldives 8.6 • LMali 8.6 • LPakistan 8.6 • LSierra Leone 8.7 • LSenegal 8.8 • LNigeria 8.9 • LGuinea-Bissau 9.5 • LBenin 9.6 • LCongo, Rep. 9.6 • L

Liberia 9.9 • LThailand 10.0 • LCôte d’Ivoire 10.3 • pThe Gambia 10.3 • pMauritius 10.8 • pGhana 10.9 • pCameroon 11.4 • pCabo Verde 11.8 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 12.4 • pMauritania 12.7 • pDjibouti 13.5 • pSeychelles 14.0 • pBrunei Darussalam 14.1 • pTajikistan 14.2 • pGabon 15.0 • pZimbabwe 15.5 • pMalaysia 15.6 • pEswatini 16.5 • pKyrgyz Republic 16.6 • pLesotho 16.6 • pUzbekistan 16.6 • pYemen, Rep. 17.1 • pNamibia 17.2 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 17.9 • pTrinidad and Tobago 18.6 • pTurkmenistan 18.6 • pAntigua and Barbuda 18.9 • pBotswana 18.9 • pMoldova 18.9 • pSwitzerland 19.5 • pDenmark 19.7 • pPeru 19.7 • pSt. Lucia 19.7 • pAzerbaijan 19.9 • pEcuador 19.9 • pItaly 19.9 • pAustria 20.1 • pArmenia 20.2 • pBolivia 20.2 • pGuyana 20.2 • pSlovenia 20.2 • pParaguay 20.3 • pNetherlands 20.4 • pSlovak Republic 20.5 • pMongolia 20.6 • pSweden 20.6 • pPortugal 20.8 • pKazakhstan 21.0 • pEstonia 21.2 • p

Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% adult population)



*Imputed data point



Cereal yield, measured as tonnes per hectare of harvested land. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only and excludes crops harvested for hay or green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing. The source data was converted from kg/ha to t/ha.Source: FAO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Russian Federation 2.7 • LNepal 2.6 • LPanama 2.6 • LGeorgia 2.5 • LEthiopia 2.5 • LTimor-Leste 2.5 • LMaldives 2.4 • 5Zambia 2.4 • pCyprus 2.2 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 2.2 • LGuatemala 2.2 • DCôte d’Ivoire 2.1 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 • pBolivia 2.1 • pAustralia 2.1 • pAfghanistan 2.0 • pDjibouti 1.9 • pUganda 1.9 • pSierra Leone 1.9 • LGhana 1.8 • 5Nicaragua 1.8 • pHonduras 1.7 • 5Dominica 1.7 • 5Solomon Islands 1.7 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.6 • pCameroon 1.6 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.6 • pMali 1.6 • 5Gabon 1.6 • pAntigua and Barbuda 1.6 • pAlgeria 1.6 • pTunisia 1.5 • pTanzania 1.5 • DJordan 1.5 • pRwanda 1.5 • pBurundi 1.5 • LSouth Sudan 1.5 • LTrinidad and Tobago 1.5 • 5Benin 1.5 • 5Nigeria 1.4 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.4 • pKenya 1.4 • pComoros 1.4 • 5Senegal 1.3 • 5Kazakhstan 1.3 • LMalawi 1.3 • pLiberia 1.3 • 5Mongolia 1.3 • pMauritania 1.2 • 5

Burkina Faso 1.2 • pGuinea 1.2 • 5Eswatini 1.1 • pTogo 1.1 • 5Jamaica 1.1 • pTurkmenistan 1.1 • pHaiti 1.0 • pGrenada 1.0 • pYemen, Rep. 1.0 • pMorocco 0.9 • pAngola 0.9 • DCentral African Republic 0.9 • pChad 0.8 • pBrunei Darussalam 0.8 • pThe Gambia 0.8 • pCongo, Rep. 0.8 • 5Mozambique 0.8 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.8 • 5Libya 0.7 • 5Sudan 0.7 • 5Vanuatu 0.6 • 5Zimbabwe 0.6 • pNiger 0.5 • 5Lesotho 0.5 • pSomalia 0.5 • pNamibia 0.5 • 5Botswana 0.5 • 5Eritrea 0.4 • pCabo Verde 0.2 • pAndorra NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••


United Arab Emirates 21.5 • LKuwait 13.3 • LThe Bahamas 9.3 • LNew Zealand 8.4 • LIreland 8.2 • LUnited States 8.1 • LNetherlands 7.8 • LAustria 7.2 • LGermany 7.2 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 7.1 • LUnited Kingdom 7.0 • LBelgium 7.0 • LChile 6.9 • LKorea, Rep. 6.8 • LCroatia 6.7 • LSlovenia 6.5 • LSlovak Republic 6.4 • LCzech Republic 6.3 • LDenmark 6.2 • LSerbia 6.2 • LChina 6.0 • LOman 5.7 • LFrance 5.7 • LItaly 5.6 • LVietnam 5.4 • LSweden 5.4 • LIndonesia 5.4 • LSaudi Arabia 5.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 5.2 • LSwitzerland 5.1 • LHungary 5.1 • LArgentina 5.1 • LLuxembourg 5.0 • LJapan 5.0 • LIsrael 5.0 • LUruguay 4.9 • LBulgaria 4.8 • LDominican Republic 4.8 • LMalta 4.7 • LPapua New Guinea 4.7 • LAlbania 4.7 • LQatar 4.7 • LUkraine 4.7 • LBangladesh 4.6 • LLao PDR 4.6 • LUzbekistan 4.6 • LNorway 4.6 • L

Suriname 4.4 • LParaguay 4.4 • LPortugal 4.4 • LColombia 4.2 • LPeru 4.2 • LBrazil 4.2 • LGreece 4.1 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 4.1 • LCosta Rica 4.0 • LPoland 4.0 • LRomania 4.0 • LMadagascar 3.9 • LCanada 3.9 • LSri Lanka 3.9 • LNorth Macedonia 3.9 • LLithuania 3.9 • LLatvia 3.8 • LSouth Africa 3.8 • LMexico 3.7 • LMyanmar 3.6 • LEcuador 3.6 • LFinland 3.6 • LPhilippines 3.5 • LGuyana 3.5 • LCambodia 3.5 • LMauritius 3.5 • LSpain 3.4 • LVenezuela, RB 3.4 • LBhutan 3.4 • LTajikistan 3.3 • LMontenegro 3.3 • LMalaysia 3.2 • LBelarus 3.2 • LMoldova 3.2 • LBelize 3.2 • LTurkey 3.1 • LKyrgyz Republic 3.1 • LIraq 3.1 • LArmenia 3.1 • LPakistan 3.1 • LThailand 3.0 • LFiji 3.0 • LLebanon 3.0 • LAzerbaijan 3.0 • LIndia 3.0 • LCuba 2.9 • LBarbados 2.8 • LEl Salvador 2.7 • LEstonia 2.7 • L

Cereal yield (t/ha)



*Imputed data point



The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) is a one-dimensional ranking score that combines two efficiency measures in crop production: Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and land use efficiency (crop yield).Source: Zhang and Davidson (2016) Year of reference: 2011 (or closest available)

Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.9 • ••Israel 0.9 • ••Kazakhstan 0.9 • ••Iraq 1.0 • ••Niger 1.0 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 1.0 • ••Sri Lanka 1.0 • ••Albania 1.0 • ••India 1.0 • ••Pakistan 1.0 • ••Qatar 1.0 • ••Tunisia 1.0 • ••Oman 1.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 1.0 • ••Nicaragua 1.0 • ••Sudan 1.0 • ••Mongolia 1.0 • ••Gabon 1.0 • ••Guatemala 1.0 • ••Zimbabwe 1.1 • ••Jordan 1.1 • ••Namibia 1.1 • ••Ecuador 1.1 • ••El Salvador 1.1 • ••Panama 1.1 • ••Honduras 1.1 • ••Montenegro 1.1 • ••Jamaica 1.1 • ••Colombia 1.1 • ••Dominican Republic 1.1 • ••Cyprus 1.1 • ••Portugal 1.1 • ••Georgia 1.1 • ••Costa Rica 1.1 • ••Mauritius 1.2 • ••Singapore 1.2 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.2 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 1.3 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Belize NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••

Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Sierra Leone NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

United States 0.3 • ••Argentina 0.3 • ••Paraguay 0.4 • ••Austria 0.4 • ••France 0.4 • ••Denmark 0.4 • ••Ireland 0.4 • ••Germany 0.5 • ••United Kingdom 0.5 • ••Hungary 0.5 • ••Uruguay 0.5 • ••Czech Republic 0.5 • ••Brazil 0.6 • ••Slovak Republic 0.6 • ••Canada 0.6 • ••Lithuania 0.6 • ••Sweden 0.6 • ••Iceland 0.6 • ••Ukraine 0.6 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.6 • ••Bolivia 0.6 • ••Serbia 0.7 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.7 • ••Switzerland 0.7 • ••Myanmar 0.7 • ••Croatia 0.7 • ••Finland 0.7 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.7 • ••Italy 0.7 • ••Greece 0.7 • ••Russian Federation 0.7 • ••Romania 0.7 • ••Japan 0.7 • ••Cambodia 0.7 • ••South Africa 0.7 • ••Moldova 0.7 • ••Vietnam 0.7 • ••Latvia 0.7 • ••Luxembourg 0.7 • ••Netherlands 0.7 • ••Bulgaria 0.8 • ••Poland 0.8 • ••Madagascar 0.8 • ••Estonia 0.8 • ••Turkey 0.8 • ••Azerbaijan 0.8 • ••Nepal 0.8 • ••Australia 0.8 • ••Bahrain 0.8 • ••

Indonesia 0.8 • ••Bangladesh 0.8 • ••Ethiopia 0.8 • ••Slovenia 0.8 • ••Algeria 0.8 • ••China 0.8 • ••North Macedonia 0.8 • ••Malawi 0.8 • ••Nigeria 0.8 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.8 • ••Rwanda 0.8 • ••Philippines 0.8 • ••Bhutan 0.8 • ••Chile 0.9 • ••Benin 0.9 • ••Mali 0.9 • ••Mexico 0.9 • ••Cameroon 0.9 • ••Tajikistan 0.9 • ••Guinea 0.9 • ••Armenia 0.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.9 • ••Suriname 0.9 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.9 • ••Malta 0.9 • ••Ghana 0.9 • ••Morocco 0.9 • ••Tanzania 0.9 • ••Malaysia 0.9 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.9 • ••Burkina Faso 0.9 • ••Kuwait 0.9 • ••Togo 0.9 • ••New Zealand 0.9 • ••Peru 0.9 • ••Spain 0.9 • ••Saudi Arabia 0.9 • ••Kenya 0.9 • ••Norway 0.9 • ••Senegal 0.9 • ••Zambia 0.9 • ••Uganda 0.9 • ••The Gambia 0.9 • ••Lebanon 0.9 • ••Belarus 0.9 • ••Thailand 0.9 • ••Mozambique 0.9 • ••Congo, Rep. 0.9 • ••Angola 0.9 • ••

Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index



*Imputed data point



The ratio of the actual yield to the country’s potential yield in the three annual crops using the most land area, weighted for the relative importance of each crop in terms of surface area.Source: Global Yield Gap Atlas Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Yield gap closure (%)(OECD Member States)

United States 77.6 • ••France 77.3 • ••Germany 77.3 • ••Belgium 77.2 • ••Denmark 76.7 • ••Netherlands 76.2 • ••Ireland 74.5 • ••Austria 69.7 • ••Sweden 68.6 • ••United Kingdom 67.8 • ••Luxembourg 65.0 • ••Hungary 64.4 • ••Switzerland 64.2 • ••Italy 58.9 • ••Czech Republic 57.8 • ••Slovenia 57.6 • ••Norway 56.9 • ••Greece 51.7 • ••

Finland 51.6 • ••Slovak Republic 48.9 • ••Australia 47.7 • ••Spain 45.7 • ••Lithuania 45.6 • ••Latvia 44.6 • ••Poland 44.5 • ••Estonia 40.7 • ••Portugal 28.5 • ••Canada NA • ••Chile NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Japan NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Mexico NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Turkey NA • ••



*Imputed data point



Trophic levels are a measure of the energy intensity of diet composition and reflect the relative amounts of plants as opposed to animals eaten in a given country. A higher trophic level represents a greater level of consumption of energy-intensive animals.Source: Bonhommeau et al (2013) Year of reference: 2013 (or closest available)

Mexico 2.3 • pEl Salvador 2.3 • pThe Bahamas 2.3 • 5Sudan 2.3 • DKyrgyz Republic 2.3 • pOman 2.3 • 5Venezuela, RB 2.3 • 5Bulgaria 2.3 • pRussian Federation 2.4 • pChile 2.4 • pMauritius 2.4 • 5Slovak Republic 2.4 • pMoldova 2.4 • pAlbania 2.4 • 5Poland 2.4 • pGrenada 2.4 • DCzech Republic 2.4 • 5United Arab Emirates 2.4 • DBrazil 2.4 • pGreece 2.4 • 5Myanmar 2.4 • pTrinidad and Tobago 2.4 • pCanada 2.4 • 5Malta 2.4 • pGuyana 2.4 • pBarbados 2.4 • pHungary 2.4 • pNew Zealand 2.4 • pLatvia 2.4 • DIsrael 2.4 • 5Kazakhstan 2.4 • 5Luxembourg 2.4 • pCyprus 2.4 • 5Estonia 2.4 • 5United Kingdom 2.4 • 5Japan 2.4 • 5Ireland 2.4 • 5Austria 2.4 • pMontenegro 2.4 • pSt. Lucia 2.4 • 5Belgium 2.4 • 5Slovenia 2.4 • 5Costa Rica 2.4 • 5Croatia 2.4 • pMongolia 2.4 • 5Italy 2.4 • pMalaysia 2.4 • 5Ecuador 2.4 • pUruguay 2.4 • 5

Germany 2.4 • 5Mauritania 2.4 • pSpain 2.4 • pPakistan 2.4 • pBrunei Darussalam 2.4 • pArgentina 2.4 • 5Portugal 2.4 • 5United States 2.4 • pDenmark 2.4 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 2.5 • pLithuania 2.5 • 5Australia 2.5 • pFrance 2.5 • pSwitzerland 2.5 • 5Netherlands 2.5 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 2.5 • 5Norway 2.5 • pSweden 2.5 • 5Maldives 2.5 • pFinland 2.5 • pIceland 2.6 • pAndorra NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Côte d’Ivoire NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Qatar NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Rwanda 2.0 • LMozambique 2.1 • LMalawi 2.1 • LNigeria 2.1 • LLiberia 2.1 • LGhana 2.1 • LCameroon 2.1 • LTogo 2.1 • LLao PDR 2.1 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 2.1 • LBenin 2.1 • LBurkina Faso 2.1 • LGuinea 2.1 • LZambia 2.1 • LTanzania 2.1 • LMadagascar 2.1 • LAngola 2.1 • LGuinea-Bissau 2.1 • LNepal 2.1 • LHaiti 2.1 • LLesotho 2.1 • LIraq 2.1 • LCentral African Republic 2.1 • LChad 2.1 • LUganda 2.1 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 • LSolomon Islands 2.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 2.1 • LEthiopia 2.2 • LSierra Leone 2.2 • LCongo, Rep. 2.2 • LBangladesh 2.2 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.2 • LTimor-Leste 2.2 • LZimbabwe 2.2 • LEswatini 2.2 • LIndonesia 2.2 • LVanuatu 2.2 • LTajikistan 2.2 • LSri Lanka 2.2 • LNiger 2.2 • LMorocco 2.2 • LDjibouti 2.2 • LYemen, Rep. 2.2 • pChina 2.2 • pThailand 2.2 • pPeru 2.2 • DIndia 2.2 • 5Senegal 2.2 • L

Cambodia 2.2 • 5Cuba 2.2 • DNamibia 2.2 • LGuatemala 2.2 • 5Tunisia 2.2 • 5Uzbekistan 2.2 • LDominican Republic 2.2 • LAlgeria 2.2 • DKenya 2.2 • 5Philippines 2.2 • 5Afghanistan 2.2 • 5Gabon 2.2 • pDominica 2.2 • LAzerbaijan 2.2 • pLebanon 2.2 • 5Jordan 2.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 2.2 • DSuriname 2.3 • 5Vietnam 2.3 • pFiji 2.3 • 5Bolivia 2.3 • 5The Gambia 2.3 • pTurkey 2.3 • pSouth Africa 2.3 • 5Kiribati 2.3 • LBelize 2.3 • pParaguay 2.3 • pNorth Macedonia 2.3 • DMali 2.3 • DKorea, Rep. 2.3 • 5Colombia 2.3 • DSamoa 2.3 • pHonduras 2.3 • LCabo Verde 2.3 • 5Armenia 2.3 • pBotswana 2.3 • pUkraine 2.3 • DJamaica 2.3 • DNicaragua 2.3 • pSaudi Arabia 2.3 • pPanama 2.3 • 5Belarus 2.3 • pTurkmenistan 2.3 • 5

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.3 • 5

Serbia 2.3 • pRomania 2.3 • DGeorgia 2.3 • pKuwait 2.3 • D

Human Trophic Level 2 (best) to 3 (worst)



*Imputed data point



The estimated number of women, between the age of 15-49, who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births)

Peru 68 • LSyrian Arab Republic 68 • LKyrgyz Republic 76 • LVanuatu 78 • LThe Bahamas 80 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 82 • LGuatemala 88 • LJamaica 89 • DKiribati 90 • LDominican Republic 92 • LPanama 94 • LVenezuela, RB 95 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 100 • DPhilippines 114 • DSolomon Islands 114 • LMorocco 121 • LTonga 124 • DIndonesia 126 • LBotswana 129 • LHonduras 129 • LParaguay 132 • DSouth Africa 138 • DAlgeria 140 • 5Bhutan 148 • LNicaragua 150 • 5Suriname 155 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 156 • 5Cambodia 161 • DIndia 174 • DBangladesh 176 • LMyanmar 178 • DPakistan 178 • DLao PDR 197 • LBolivia 206 • DPapua New Guinea 215 • 5Timor-Leste 215 • LZambia 224 • DDjibouti 229 • DGuyana 229 • 5Nepal 258 • LNamibia 265 • DRwanda 290 • DGabon 291 • 5Sudan 311 • 5Senegal 315 • DGhana 319 • 5Comoros 335 • DEquatorial Guinea 342 • 5Uganda 343 • D

Ethiopia 353 • LMadagascar 353 • DHaiti 359 • 5Togo 368 • 5Burkina Faso 371 • 5Yemen, Rep. 385 • 5Eswatini 389 • 5Afghanistan 396 • LTanzania 398 • DBenin 405 • 5Congo, Rep. 442 • 5Zimbabwe 443 • pAngola 477 • DLesotho 487 • DMozambique 489 • DEritrea 501 • 5Kenya 510 • DGuinea-Bissau 549 • 5Niger 553 • DMali 587 • 5Cameroon 596 • 5Mauritania 602 • DMalawi 634 • pCôte d’Ivoire 645 • 5Guinea 679 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 693 • 5The Gambia 706 • 5Burundi 712 • 5Liberia 725 • 5Somalia 732 • 5South Sudan 789 • 5Nigeria 814 • 5Chad 856 • DCentral African Republic 882 • 5Sierra Leone 1,360 • DAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Finland 3 • LGreece 3 • LIceland 3 • LPoland 3 • LAustria 4 • LBelarus 4 • LCzech Republic 4 • LItaly 4 • LKuwait 4 • LSweden 4 • LIsrael 5 • LJapan 5 • LNorway 5 • LSpain 5 • LSwitzerland 5 • LAustralia 6 • LDenmark 6 • LGermany 6 • LSlovak Republic 6 • LUnited Arab Emirates 6 • LBelgium 7 • LCanada 7 • LCyprus 7 • LMontenegro 7 • LNetherlands 7 • LCroatia 8 • LFrance 8 • LIreland 8 • LNorth Macedonia 8 • LEstonia 9 • LLibya 9 • LMalta 9 • LSlovenia 9 • LUnited Kingdom 9 • LLithuania 10 • LLuxembourg 10 • LPortugal 10 • LSingapore 10 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 11 • LBulgaria 11 • LKorea, Rep. 11 • LNew Zealand 11 • LKazakhstan 12 • LSaudi Arabia 12 • LQatar 13 • LUnited States 14 • LBahrain 15 • LLebanon 15 • LUruguay 15 • L

Turkey 16 • LHungary 17 • LOman 17 • LSerbia 17 • LLatvia 18 • LThailand 20 • LChile 22 • LBrunei Darussalam 23 • LMoldova 23 • LUkraine 24 • LArmenia 25 • LAzerbaijan 25 • LCosta Rica 25 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 25 • LRussian Federation 25 • LBarbados 27 • LChina 27 • LGrenada 27 • LBelize 28 • LAlbania 29 • LFiji 30 • LSri Lanka 30 • LRomania 31 • LTajikistan 32 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 33 • LGeorgia 36 • LUzbekistan 36 • LMexico 38 • LCuba 39 • LMalaysia 40 • LCabo Verde 42 • LTurkmenistan 42 • LBrazil 44 • LMongolia 44 • L


45 • L

St. Lucia 48 • LIraq 50 • LSamoa 51 • LArgentina 52 • LMauritius 53 • LEl Salvador 54 • LVietnam 54 • LJordan 58 • LTunisia 62 • LTrinidad and Tobago 63 • LColombia 64 • LEcuador 64 • LMaldives 68 • L



*Imputed data point



The number of newborn infants (neonates) dying before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

Korea, Dem. Rep. 10.0 • LJordan 10.1 • LSuriname 10.2 • LCabo Verde 10.4 • LNorth Macedonia 10.5 • LFiji 10.6 • LVietnam 10.6 • LKyrgyz Republic 10.7 • LSouth Africa 10.7 • LJamaica 10.8 • LGrenada 10.9 • LParaguay 11.1 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 11.6 • LMoldova 11.6 • LVanuatu 11.6 • LAzerbaijan 11.8 • LUzbekistan 12.1 • LIndonesia 12.4 • LSt. Lucia 12.4 • LGuatemala 12.9 • LPhilippines 13.6 • DMorocco 14.4 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 14.4 • LTajikistan 14.5 • LAlgeria 14.9 • DCambodia 14.9 • LMarshall Islands 15.7 • DTuvalu 16.0 • LRwanda 16.4 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 16.5 • LTrinidad and Tobago 16.6 • LBhutan 16.9 • LIraq 17.1 • LEswatini 17.4 • DNamibia 17.5 • DEritrea 17.8 • DBangladesh 18.4 • LMadagascar 18.4 • DBolivia 18.5 • DGuyana 18.9 • DCongo, Rep. 19.4 • DVenezuela, RB 19.8 • pDominican Republic 20.1 • DUganda 20.2 • DNauru 20.5 • DSenegal 20.5 • DNepal 20.7 • LTimor-Leste 20.7 • DKenya 20.9 • D

Tanzania 21.1 • DTurkmenistan 21.3 • DGabon 21.5 • DBurundi 22.1 • DZambia 22.2 • DZimbabwe 22.4 • LMalawi 22.7 • DKiribati 23.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 23.7 • DIndia 24.0 • DGuinea 24.1 • DMyanmar 24.1 • DGhana 24.2 • DLiberia 25.1 • DBotswana 25.4 • DBurkina Faso 25.4 • DTogo 25.4 • 5Cameroon 25.5 • 5Niger 26.0 • DMozambique 26.9 • DYemen, Rep. 27.0 • 5Dominica 27.3 • pThe Gambia 27.6 • DLao PDR 28.2 • DHaiti 28.3 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 28.9 • 5Ethiopia 28.9 • DAngola 29.1 • DSudan 29.5 • 5Equatorial Guinea 30.9 • 5Comoros 31.7 • DDjibouti 32.4 • 5Benin 32.7 • 5Nigeria 32.9 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 33.5 • 5Sierra Leone 33.5 • DMauritania 33.8 • 5Chad 34.8 • 5Mali 35.4 • 5Guinea-Bissau 37.3 • DLesotho 37.9 • 5Somalia 38.5 • 5Afghanistan 39.2 • DSouth Sudan 39.6 • 5Central African Republic 41.5 • 5Pakistan 44.2 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••

Japan 0.9 • LIceland 1.0 • LSan Marino 1.0 • LSingapore 1.1 • LEstonia 1.2 • LSlovenia 1.2 • LAndorra 1.4 • LBelarus 1.5 • LKorea, Rep. 1.5 • LNorway 1.5 • LCyprus 1.6 • LCzech Republic 1.7 • LLuxembourg 1.7 • LMonaco 1.7 • LSpain 1.7 • LSweden 1.7 • LFinland 1.8 • LIsrael 2.0 • LItaly 2.0 • LLithuania 2.0 • LAustralia 2.1 • LBelgium 2.1 • LPortugal 2.1 • LAustria 2.2 • LCuba 2.2 • LGermany 2.2 • LIreland 2.2 • LLatvia 2.2 • LMontenegro 2.3 • LNetherlands 2.3 • LFrance 2.4 • LHungary 2.4 • LUnited Kingdom 2.6 • LSlovak Republic 2.8 • LCroatia 2.9 • LGreece 3.0 • LNew Zealand 3.0 • LPoland 3.0 • LSwitzerland 3.0 • LBahrain 3.1 • LDenmark 3.1 • LRussian Federation 3.3 • LCanada 3.5 • LUnited States 3.6 • LBulgaria 3.7 • LRomania 3.7 • LSerbia 3.7 • LAntigua and Barbuda 3.8 • LQatar 3.8 • L

Saudi Arabia 3.9 • LThe Bahamas 4.0 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 4.0 • LKuwait 4.3 • LMalaysia 4.3 • LMalta 4.4 • LLebanon 4.5 • LMaldives 4.5 • LUruguay 4.6 • LBrunei Darussalam 4.7 • LChina 4.7 • LUnited Arab Emirates 4.7 • LChile 5.0 • LOman 5.1 • LUkraine 5.2 • LKazakhstan 5.3 • LThailand 5.3 • LSri Lanka 5.8 • LArgentina 5.9 • LCosta Rica 5.9 • LTurkey 5.9 • LAlbania 6.1 • LLibya 6.5 • LArmenia 6.7 • LGeorgia 6.7 • LTonga 6.7 • LEl Salvador 7.1 • LNicaragua 7.1 • LPeru 7.3 • LEcuador 7.5 • LTunisia 7.5 • LMexico 7.6 • LMauritius 7.9 • LPalau 7.9 • LColombia 8.0 • LBarbados 8.1 • LBrazil 8.5 • LSolomon Islands 8.5 • LSamoa 8.6 • LSeychelles 8.6 • LSyrian Arab Republic 8.7 • LBelize 8.8 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 8.8 • LPanama 8.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 9.1 • LMongolia 9.1 • L


Honduras 10.0 • L



*Imputed data point



The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)

Jordan 17.0 • LSyrian Arab Republic 17.0 • LMongolia 17.2 • LNicaragua 17.2 • LCabo Verde 17.4 • LHonduras 18.2 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 19.0 • LSuriname 19.6 • LKyrgyz Republic 20.0 • LSolomon Islands 20.6 • LVietnam 20.9 • LParaguay 21.0 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 22.1 • LUzbekistan 22.5 • LAzerbaijan 23.0 • LMorocco 23.3 • LAlgeria 24.0 • LTuvalu 24.9 • LFiji 25.3 • LIndonesia 25.4 • LTrinidad and Tobago 26.1 • LVanuatu 26.9 • LGuatemala 27.6 • LPhilippines 28.1 • LCambodia 29.2 • LDominican Republic 29.9 • LIraq 30.4 • LBhutan 30.8 • LVenezuela, RB 30.9 • pGuyana 31.3 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 32.2 • LBangladesh 32.4 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 32.4 • LNauru 33.0 • LTajikistan 33.6 • LNepal 33.7 • LDominica 34.0 • pMarshall Islands 34.0 • DBolivia 34.9 • LSouth Africa 37.1 • LBotswana 37.6 • LRwanda 37.9 • LIndia 39.4 • LEritrea 43.1 • DMadagascar 44.2 • LNamibia 44.2 • DSenegal 45.4 • LKenya 45.6 • DTurkmenistan 47.3 • D

Congo, Rep. 47.5 • DTimor-Leste 47.6 • DGabon 48.3 • DMyanmar 48.6 • DUganda 49.0 • LGhana 49.3 • LZimbabwe 50.3 • LPapua New Guinea 53.4 • DEswatini 53.9 • LTanzania 54.0 • DKiribati 54.6 • DMalawi 55.4 • LYemen, Rep. 55.4 • 5Ethiopia 58.5 • LZambia 60.0 • DBurundi 61.2 • LDjibouti 61.7 • DSudan 63.2 • DLao PDR 63.4 • DThe Gambia 63.6 • DAfghanistan 67.9 • DComoros 69.0 • DHaiti 71.7 • 5Mozambique 72.4 • LTogo 72.9 • DLiberia 74.7 • DPakistan 74.9 • DMauritania 79.0 • DAngola 81.1 • LBurkina Faso 81.2 • DCameroon 84.0 • DGuinea-Bissau 84.2 • DNiger 84.5 • DGuinea 85.7 • DLesotho 85.9 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 88.8 • DEquatorial Guinea 89.6 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 91.1 • DSouth Sudan 96.4 • 5Benin 98.3 • 5Nigeria 100.2 • DMali 106.0 • DSierra Leone 110.5 • DCentral African Republic 121.5 • DChad 123.2 • DSomalia 127.2 • DLiechtenstein NA • ••

Iceland 2.1 • LSlovenia 2.1 • LSan Marino 2.2 • LFinland 2.3 • LJapan 2.6 • LLuxembourg 2.6 • LNorway 2.6 • LCyprus 2.7 • LEstonia 2.7 • LSingapore 2.8 • LSweden 2.8 • LSpain 3.1 • LAndorra 3.3 • LCzech Republic 3.3 • LKorea, Rep. 3.3 • LMonaco 3.3 • LItaly 3.4 • LAustralia 3.5 • LIreland 3.5 • LMontenegro 3.5 • LAustria 3.6 • LIsrael 3.6 • LBelarus 3.7 • LGermany 3.7 • LPortugal 3.7 • LBelgium 3.8 • LNetherlands 3.9 • LFrance 4.2 • LLatvia 4.2 • LSwitzerland 4.2 • LDenmark 4.3 • LLithuania 4.3 • LUnited Kingdom 4.3 • LHungary 4.5 • LCroatia 4.6 • LPoland 4.7 • LCanada 5.1 • LGreece 5.3 • LNew Zealand 5.3 • LCuba 5.4 • LSlovak Republic 5.6 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 5.7 • LSerbia 5.7 • LMalta 6.4 • LUnited States 6.6 • LThe Bahamas 7.2 • LBahrain 7.3 • LAntigua and Barbuda 7.4 • LChile 7.4 • L

Saudi Arabia 7.4 • LBulgaria 7.5 • LQatar 7.6 • LRussian Federation 7.6 • LLebanon 7.8 • LRomania 7.8 • LMalaysia 7.9 • LMaldives 7.9 • LKuwait 8.1 • LUruguay 8.2 • LAlbania 8.8 • LSri Lanka 8.8 • LUkraine 8.8 • LCosta Rica 9.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 9.1 • LChina 9.3 • LThailand 9.5 • LKazakhstan 10.0 • LArgentina 10.4 • LBrunei Darussalam 10.5 • LGeorgia 10.8 • LOman 11.3 • LTurkey 11.6 • LBarbados 12.4 • LLibya 12.4 • LArmenia 12.6 • LTunisia 13.0 • LMauritius 13.1 • LMexico 13.4 • LNorth Macedonia 13.7 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 13.7 • LBelize 14.2 • LSeychelles 14.2 • LEcuador 14.5 • LEl Salvador 14.5 • LColombia 14.7 • LBrazil 14.8 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.9 • LPeru 15.0 • LJamaica 15.2 • LPalau 15.3 • LMoldova 15.5 • LTonga 16.0 • LPanama 16.1 • L


16.2 • L

Samoa 16.5 • LSt. Lucia 16.6 • LGrenada 16.7 • L



*Imputed data point



The estimated rate of new and relapse cases of tuberculosis in a given year, expressed per 100,000 people. All forms of tuberculosis are included, including cases of people living with HIV.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population)

Burkina Faso 49.0 • 5Fiji 49.0 • 5Lithuania 50.0 • DVanuatu 51.0 • DPanama 54.0 • 5Mali 55.0 • 5Rwanda 57.0 • DBenin 58.0 • 5Russian Federation 60.0 • DChina 63.0 • DBrunei Darussalam 64.0 • 5Sri Lanka 64.0 • 5Kazakhstan 66.0 • LAzerbaijan 67.0 • LEritrea 67.0 • LAlgeria 70.0 • 5Korea, Rep. 70.0 • DEl Salvador 72.0 • 5Romania 72.0 • DUzbekistan 73.0 • DSolomon Islands 76.0 • 5Sudan 77.0 • DUkraine 84.0 • DTajikistan 85.0 • DGeorgia 86.0 • DGuyana 86.0 • DNiger 90.0 • DNauru 91.0 • pMalaysia 93.0 • 5Moldova 95.0 • DMauritania 97.0 • DMorocco 99.0 • 5Palau 106.0 • pBolivia 111.0 • 5Burundi 114.0 • 5Peru 116.0 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 118.0 • pSenegal 122.0 • 5Vietnam 129.0 • 5Malawi 131.0 • LBhutan 134.0 • 5Cabo Verde 134.0 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 144.0 • pSouth Sudan 146.0 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 148.0 • DGhana 152.0 • 5Nepal 152.0 • 5Chad 154.0 • pThailand 156.0 • 5

Ethiopia 164.0 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 165.0 • 5Lao PDR 168.0 • DThe Gambia 174.0 • 5Guinea 176.0 • 5Haiti 181.0 • 5Afghanistan 189.0 • 5Equatorial Guinea 191.0 • pCameroon 194.0 • DUganda 201.0 • 5India 204.0 • 5Nigeria 219.0 • 5Bangladesh 221.0 • 5Zimbabwe 221.0 • LTuvalu 236.0 • pMadagascar 238.0 • 5Somalia 266.0 • 5Pakistan 267.0 • 5Djibouti 269.0 • LTanzania 269.0 • DBotswana 300.0 • LSierra Leone 301.0 • 5Eswatini 308.0 • LLiberia 308.0 • pIndonesia 319.0 • 5Kenya 319.0 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 322.0 • 5Cambodia 326.0 • DMyanmar 358.0 • 5Angola 359.0 • 5Zambia 361.0 • DGuinea-Bissau 374.0 • 5Congo, Rep. 376.0 • 5Kiribati 413.0 • pCentral African Republic 423.0 • pNamibia 423.0 • DMongolia 428.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 432.0 • 5Marshall Islands 480.0 • pTimor-Leste 498.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 513.0 • 5Gabon 529.0 • 5Mozambique 551.0 • pPhilippines 554.0 • pSouth Africa 567.0 • LLesotho 665.0 • LLiechtenstein NA • ••

Barbados 0.0 • LMonaco 0.0 • LSan Marino 0.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 0.8 • LAntigua and Barbuda 1.1 • LAndorra 1.5 • LDominica 1.6 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 2.1 • L


United States 3.1 • LGrenada 3.2 • LIsrael 3.2 • LGreece 4.1 • LIceland 4.5 • LSlovak Republic 4.8 • LFinland 4.9 • LDenmark 5.1 • LJamaica 5.1 • LNorway 5.1 • LNetherlands 5.2 • LCzech Republic 5.4 • LCanada 5.5 • LCyprus 5.6 • LSlovenia 5.7 • LSweden 5.7 • LLuxembourg 6.3 • LOman 6.7 • LAustralia 6.8 • LJordan 6.8 • LItaly 6.9 • LCuba 7.1 • LSwitzerland 7.2 • LAustria 7.3 • LIreland 7.3 • LHungary 7.4 • LGermany 7.5 • LNew Zealand 7.5 • LSt. Lucia 7.7 • LFrance 8.0 • LUnited Kingdom 8.9 • LCosta Rica 9.7 • LBelgium 9.8 • LCroatia 10.0 • LSaudi Arabia 10.0 • LSpain 10.0 • LMalta 11.0 • pBahrain 12.0 • LLebanon 12.0 • 5

Mauritius 12.0 • 5Tonga 12.0 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 13.0 • LNorth Macedonia 13.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.0 • LMontenegro 14.0 • LThe Bahamas 15.0 • 5Estonia 15.0 • LJapan 15.0 • LChile 17.0 • 5Poland 17.0 • LTrinidad and Tobago 17.0 • 5Turkey 17.0 • LSamoa 18.0 • LSerbia 19.0 • LSeychelles 19.0 • LSyrian Arab Republic 19.0 • 5Albania 20.0 • 5Portugal 20.0 • LMexico 22.0 • pBulgaria 24.0 • LGuatemala 25.0 • 5Argentina 26.0 • 5Qatar 26.0 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 27.0 • LKuwait 27.0 • 5Suriname 29.0 • DUruguay 31.0 • 5Latvia 32.0 • DColombia 33.0 • 5Tunisia 34.0 • 5Comoros 35.0 • 5Armenia 36.0 • DBelize 36.0 • 5Belarus 37.0 • LHonduras 38.0 • DMaldives 39.0 • 5Libya 40.0 • 5Togo 41.0 • LIraq 42.0 • 5Venezuela, RB 42.0 • 5Ecuador 43.0 • 5Turkmenistan 43.0 • LBrazil 44.0 • 5Paraguay 44.0 • 5Dominican Republic 45.0 • 5Nicaragua 45.0 • DSingapore 47.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 48.0 • 5



*Imputed data point



Number of new HIV infections among uninfected populations expressed per 1000 uninfected population in the year before the period.Source: UNAIDS (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

New HIV infections (per 1,000 population)

Bhutan 0.1* • ••Solomon Islands 0.1* • ••Marshall Islands 0.1* • ••Vanuatu 0.1* • ••Bolivia 0.1 • LGuatemala 0.1 • LSamoa 0.1* • ••Argentina 0.2 • LTajikistan 0.2 • LEritrea 0.2 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.2 • LCuba 0.2 • LEthiopia 0.2 • LColombia 0.2* • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.2* • ••Vietnam 0.2* • ••El Salvador 0.2 • LEstonia 0.2 • LIndonesia 0.2 • LKazakhstan 0.2 • LUruguay 0.2 • LTimor-Leste 0.2* • ••Paraguay 0.2 • LMyanmar 0.2 • LUzbekistan 0.2 • pCosta Rica 0.2 • pDominican Republic 0.2 • LGeorgia 0.2 • LMadagascar 0.2 • LMauritius 0.2* • ••Burkina Faso 0.2 • LMalta 0.2* • ••Latvia 0.2* • ••Brazil 0.2 • 5Cabo Verde 0.2 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 0.2 • LVenezuela, RB 0.2* • ••Malaysia 0.3 • 5Belarus 0.3 • 5Burundi 0.3 • LUkraine 0.3 • DMoldova 0.3 • 5Chile 0.3 • pThailand 0.3* • ••Benin 0.4 • LPapua New Guinea 0.4 • 5The Bahamas 0.4 • LPanama 0.4 • 5

Chad 0.4 • LSierra Leone 0.4 • LLiberia 0.5 • DMali 0.6 • 5Suriname 0.6 • 5Barbados 0.6 • 5Djibouti 0.6 • 5Rwanda 0.6 • LGuyana 0.6 • 5Togo 0.7 • LGuinea 0.7 • DJamaica 0.7 • 5The Gambia 0.7 • DGhana 0.7 • DRussian Federation 0.7 • 5Haiti 0.7 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.8* • ••Belize 0.9 • 5Angola 1.0 • DNigeria 1.2 • DSouth Sudan 1.2 • DKenya 1.2 • LCameroon 1.2 • DCôte d’Ivoire 1.3 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.3 • LTanzania 1.4 • DUganda 1.4 • LCongo, Rep. 1.6 • 5Gabon 1.6 • DCentral African Republic 1.7 • DMalawi 2.4 • LZimbabwe 3.1 • LEquatorial Guinea 3.5 • DNamibia 3.5 • DZambia 3.6 • DMozambique 4.8 • DSouth Africa 5.5 • DBotswana 7.5 • 5Eswatini 8.0 • LLesotho 9.1 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0* • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0* • ••Maldives 0.0* • ••Iraq 0.0* • ••Jordan 0.0* • ••Kiribati 0.0* • ••Turkey 0.0* • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0* • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • LComoros 0.0 • LCroatia 0.0* • ••Japan 0.0 • LMongolia 0.0 • LSri Lanka 0.0 • LSaudi Arabia 0.0* • ••Poland 0.0* • ••Austria 0.0 • LDenmark 0.0 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 • LNorth Macedonia 0.0 • LSerbia 0.0 • LSlovak Republic 0.0 • LChina 0.0* • ••Korea, Rep. 0.0* • ••Tonga 0.0* • ••Finland 0.0* • ••Libya 0.0* • ••Turkmenistan 0.0* • ••Afghanistan 0.0* • ••Albania 0.0 • LAlgeria 0.0 • LBulgaria 0.0 • LCzech Republic 0.0 • LGermany 0.0 • LHungary 0.0 • LLebanon 0.0 • ••Morocco 0.0 • LNepal 0.0 • LNetherlands 0.0 • LRomania 0.0 • LSlovenia 0.0 • LSomalia 0.0 • LTunisia 0.0 • LYemen, Rep. 0.0* • ••Australia 0.0 • LBahrain 0.0 • LCambodia 0.0 • LMontenegro 0.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 0.0* • ••

New Zealand 0.0* • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0* • ••St. Lucia 0.0* • ••Italy 0.1 • LKuwait 0.1 • LFiji 0.1* • ••Seychelles 0.1* • ••Grenada 0.1* • ••Norway 0.1* • ••Armenia 0.1 • LCyprus 0.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.1 • LMauritania 0.1 • LAndorra 0.1* • ••Iceland 0.1* • ••Nicaragua 0.1 • LPortugal 0.1 • LQatar 0.1 • LSweden 0.1* • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.1* • ••Switzerland 0.1* • ••Israel 0.1* • ••Azerbaijan 0.1 • LFrance 0.1 • LNiger 0.1 • LSingapore 0.1 • LGreece 0.1 • LPeru 0.1 • LSpain 0.1 • LOman 0.1* • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.1* • ••Belgium 0.1* • ••Dominica 0.1* • ••Honduras 0.1 • LIndia 0.1 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.1 • LLuxembourg 0.1 • LPakistan 0.1 • LSenegal 0.1 • LCanada 0.1* • ••United Kingdom 0.1* • ••Lao PDR 0.1* • ••Ecuador 0.1 • LLithuania 0.1 • LMexico 0.1 • LPhilippines 0.1 • LSudan 0.1 • LUnited States 0.1 • LIreland 0.1* • ••



*Imputed data point



The probability of dying between the ages of 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, defined as the percentage of 30-year-old people who would die before their 70th birthday from these diseases, assuming current mortality rates at every age and that individuals would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS)Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Age-standardised death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in populations age 30–70 years (per 100,000 population)

Djibouti 19.6 • pSouth Sudan 19.8 • 5Timor-Leste 19.9 • LGuinea-Bissau 20.0 • DNiger 20.0 • 5Libya 20.1 • 5Botswana 20.3 • DNorth Macedonia 20.3 • DThe Gambia 20.4 • 5Montenegro 20.6 • DSamoa 20.6 • DLithuania 20.7 • DGhana 20.8 • pCambodia 21.1 • 5Seychelles 21.2 • DIraq 21.3 • 5Namibia 21.3 • DTrinidad and Tobago 21.3 • DGrenada 21.4 • DRomania 21.4 • DBangladesh 21.6 • 5Cameroon 21.6 • 5Burkina Faso 21.7 • 5Suriname 21.7 • 5Nepal 21.8 • DSomalia 21.8 • pSyrian Arab Republic 21.8 • 5Latvia 21.9 • LUganda 21.9 • 5Equatorial Guinea 22.0 • 5Belize 22.1 • 5Azerbaijan 22.2 • DArmenia 22.3 • DGuinea 22.4 • 5Nigeria 22.5 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 22.6 • pMauritius 22.6 • 5Burundi 22.9 • pComoros 22.9 • 5Madagascar 22.9 • 5Hungary 23.0 • 5Central African Republic 23.1 • D


23.2 • p

Bhutan 23.3 • DIndia 23.3 • 5Tonga 23.3 • 5Vanuatu 23.3 • 5Bulgaria 23.6 • 5

Togo 23.6 • 5Belarus 23.7 • LSolomon Islands 23.8 • DChad 23.9 • 5Eritrea 23.9 • 5Myanmar 24.2 • 5Uzbekistan 24.5 • 5Mali 24.6 • 5Pakistan 24.7 • 5Ukraine 24.7 • DGeorgia 24.9 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 24.9 • DMoldova 24.9 • DTajikistan 25.3 • 5Russian Federation 25.4 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 25.6 • 5Sudan 26.0 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 26.1 • 5South Africa 26.2 • 5Indonesia 26.4 • 5Haiti 26.5 • pLesotho 26.6 • 5Eswatini 26.7 • pKazakhstan 26.8 • DPhilippines 26.8 • 5Lao PDR 27.0 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 27.7 • 5Kiribati 28.4 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 29.1 • pTurkmenistan 29.5 • 5Afghanistan 29.8 • 5Papua New Guinea 30.0 • pMongolia 30.2 • 5Guyana 30.5 • 5Sierra Leone 30.5 • 5Fiji 30.6 • 5Yemen, Rep. 30.6 • 5Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Korea, Rep. 7.8 • LJapan 8.4 • LSwitzerland 8.6 • LAustralia 9.1 • LIceland 9.1 • LSweden 9.1 • LNorway 9.2 • LSingapore 9.3 • LItaly 9.5 • LIsrael 9.6 • LCanada 9.8 • LSpain 9.9 • LLuxembourg 10.0 • LNew Zealand 10.1 • LFinland 10.2 • LIreland 10.3 • LFrance 10.6 • LMalta 10.8 • LUnited Kingdom 10.9 • LPortugal 11.1 • LNetherlands 11.2 • LBahrain 11.3 • LCyprus 11.3 • LDenmark 11.3 • LAustria 11.4 • LBelgium 11.4 • LCosta Rica 11.5 • LGermany 12.1 • LChile 12.4 • LGreece 12.4 • LMorocco 12.4 • LPeru 12.6 • LSlovenia 12.7 • LEcuador 13.0 • LPanama 13.0 • LKenya 13.4 • LMaldives 13.4 • LEl Salvador 14.0 • LHonduras 14.0 • LAlgeria 14.2 • LNicaragua 14.2 • LGabon 14.4 • LThailand 14.5 • LUnited States 14.6 • LJamaica 14.7 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 14.8 • LGuatemala 14.9 • LCzech Republic 15.0 • LQatar 15.3 • L

The Bahamas 15.5 • LMexico 15.7 • LArgentina 15.8 • LColombia 15.8 • LTunisia 16.1 • LTurkey 16.1 • LBarbados 16.2 • LCuba 16.4 • LMalawi 16.4 • LSaudi Arabia 16.4 • LAngola 16.5 • LBrazil 16.6 • LBrunei Darussalam 16.6 • DCongo, Rep. 16.7 • LCroatia 16.7 • LUruguay 16.7 • LUnited Arab Emirates 16.8 • LAlbania 17.0 • LChina 17.0 • LEstonia 17.0 • LVietnam 17.1 • DBolivia 17.2 • LCabo Verde 17.2 • DMalaysia 17.2 • DSlovak Republic 17.2 • LKuwait 17.4 • LSri Lanka 17.4 • 5Paraguay 17.5 • DLiberia 17.6 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 17.8 • LOman 17.8 • LLebanon 17.9 • 5Tanzania 17.9 • 5Zambia 17.9 • LMauritania 18.1 • pSenegal 18.1 • LVenezuela, RB 18.1 • 5Rwanda 18.2 • DEthiopia 18.3 • 5Mozambique 18.4 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 18.5 • 5Poland 18.7 • DSt. Lucia 18.8 • 5Dominican Republic 19.0 • 5Serbia 19.1 • LJordan 19.2 • DZimbabwe 19.3 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 19.4 • 5Benin 19.6 • 5



*Imputed data point



Mortality rate that is attributable to the joint effects of fuels used for cooking indoors and ambient outdoor air pollution. Calculated as number of deaths divided by the total population.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Age-standardised death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population)

Syrian Arab Republic 75 • ••Gabon 76 • ••Kenya 78 • ••Moldova 78 • ••Montenegro 79 • ••Turkmenistan 79 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 80 • ••Sri Lanka 80 • ••Uzbekistan 81 • ••North Macedonia 82 • ••Saudi Arabia 84 • ••Samoa 85 • ••South Africa 87 • ••Cabo Verde 99 • ••Fiji 99 • ••Botswana 101 • ••Georgia 102 • ••Kuwait 104 • ••Guyana 108 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 109 • ••Mozambique 110 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 111 • ••Indonesia 112 • ••China 113 • ••Malawi 115 • ••Angola 119 • ••Rwanda 121 • ••Bhutan 124 • ••Zambia 127 • ••Tajikistan 129 • ••Congo, Rep. 131 • ••Zimbabwe 133 • ••Vanuatu 136 • ••Eswatini 137 • ••Solomon Islands 137 • ••Tanzania 139 • ••Kiribati 140 • ••Timor-Leste 140 • ••Ethiopia 144 • ••Namibia 145 • ••Bangladesh 149 • ••Cambodia 150 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 152 • ••Papua New Guinea 152 • ••Mongolia 156 • ••Myanmar 156 • ••Uganda 156 • ••Djibouti 159 • ••Madagascar 160 • ••

Senegal 161 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 162 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 164 • ••South Sudan 165 • ••Mauritania 169 • ••Liberia 170 • ••Comoros 172 • ••Eritrea 174 • ••Pakistan 174 • ••Equatorial Guinea 178 • ••Lesotho 178 • ••Burundi 180 • ••Haiti 184 • ••India 184 • ••Philippines 185 • ••Sudan 185 • ••Lao PDR 188 • ••Nepal 194 • ••Yemen, Rep. 194 • ••Ghana 204 • ••Benin 205 • ••Burkina Faso 206 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 207 • ••Cameroon 208 • ••Mali 209 • ••Afghanistan 211 • ••Central African Republic 212 • ••Somalia 213 • ••Guinea-Bissau 215 • ••The Gambia 237 • ••Guinea 243 • ••Togo 250 • ••Niger 252 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 269 • ••Chad 280 • ••Nigeria 307 • ••Sierra Leone 324 • ••Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Canada 7 • ••Finland 7 • ••New Zealand 7 • ••Sweden 7 • ••Australia 8 • ••Iceland 9 • ••Norway 9 • ••France 10 • ••Portugal 10 • ••Spain 10 • ••Switzerland 10 • ••Ireland 12 • ••Japan 12 • ••Luxembourg 12 • ••Brunei Darussalam 13 • ••Denmark 13 • ••United States 13 • ••Netherlands 14 • ••United Kingdom 14 • ••Austria 15 • ••Israel 15 • ••Italy 15 • ••Belgium 16 • ••Germany 16 • ••Uruguay 18 • ••The Bahamas 20 • ••Cyprus 20 • ••Korea, Rep. 20 • ••Malta 20 • ••Costa Rica 23 • ••Slovenia 23 • ••Chile 25 • ••Ecuador 25 • ••Estonia 25 • ••Jamaica 25 • ••Maldives 26 • ••Panama 26 • ••Singapore 26 • ••Argentina 27 • ••Greece 28 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 30 • ••Brazil 30 • ••Czech Republic 30 • ••St. Lucia 30 • ••Barbados 31 • ••Lithuania 34 • ••Slovak Republic 34 • ••Croatia 35 • ••Venezuela, RB 35 • ••

Colombia 37 • ••Mexico 37 • ••Mauritius 38 • ••Poland 38 • ••Hungary 39 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 39 • ••Bahrain 40 • ••Latvia 41 • ••El Salvador 42 • ••Dominican Republic 43 • ••Grenada 45 • ••Malaysia 47 • ••Qatar 47 • ••Turkey 47 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 48 • ••Morocco 49 • ••Russian Federation 49 • ••Seychelles 49 • ••Algeria 50 • ••Cuba 50 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 51 • ••Jordan 51 • ••Lebanon 51 • ••Oman 54 • ••Armenia 55 • ••United Arab Emirates 55 • ••Nicaragua 56 • ••Tunisia 56 • ••Paraguay 57 • ••Suriname 57 • ••Romania 59 • ••Belarus 61 • ••Honduras 61 • ••Thailand 61 • ••Bulgaria 62 • ••Serbia 62 • ••Kazakhstan 63 • ••Azerbaijan 64 • ••Bolivia 64 • ••Peru 64 • ••Vietnam 64 • ••Albania 68 • ••Belize 69 • ••Ukraine 71 • ••Libya 72 • ••Tonga 73 • ••Guatemala 74 • ••Iraq 75 • ••



*Imputed data point



Estimated number of fatal road traffic injuries per 100,000 people.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Traffic deaths rate (per 100,000 population)

Tajikistan 17.6 • 5Timor-Leste 17.6 • pKuwait 17.7 • DIraq 17.8 • 5Solomon Islands 18.3 • pMorocco 18.6 • DSuriname 18.7 • DSt. Lucia 18.8 • pColombia 18.9 • pCambodia 19.0 • 5El Salvador 19.0 • DLebanon 19.3 • 5China 19.4 • 5Myanmar 19.5 • pSyrian Arab Republic 19.7 • 5Guatemala 19.9 • pKyrgyz Republic 20.1 • pNigeria 20.6 • DEcuador 20.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 20.7 • 5Equatorial Guinea 20.8 • pMongolia 20.8 • pBotswana 21.0 • DIndia 21.2 • pBelize 21.3 • pCabo Verde 21.3 • 5South Africa 21.3 • DMalaysia 22.3 • 5Brazil 22.6 • pGabon 22.7 • 5Yemen, Rep. 22.8 • pTunisia 23.0 • 5Kazakhstan 23.2 • DBolivia 23.3 • pParaguay 23.4 • 5Jordan 23.6 • 5Namibia 23.6 • pAlgeria 23.7 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 24.0 • 5Vietnam 24.0 • pMauritania 24.2 • 5Chad 24.3 • DAngola 24.4 • pSudan 24.6 • pZambia 24.7 • 5Djibouti 24.9 • DEritrea 24.9 • DEswatini 24.9 • 5Oman 25.0 • D

Libya 25.3 • pMali 25.3 • 5Ghana 26.1 • 5Lesotho 26.1 • 5Congo, Rep. 26.7 • 5Guinea-Bissau 26.8 • 5Somalia 26.9 • 5Ethiopia 27.3 • pUganda 27.3 • 5Saudi Arabia 27.5 • pBenin 27.7 • 5Dominican Republic 27.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 28.0 • DSenegal 28.0 • 5Cameroon 28.1 • 5Guinea 28.1 • 5Niger 28.4 • 5Sierra Leone 28.5 • pComoros 28.6 • pSouth Sudan 29.3 • pThe Gambia 30.4 • 5Kenya 30.5 • pBurkina Faso 30.7 • pMadagascar 31.4 • 5Thailand 31.7 • 5Central African Republic 31.8 • pTogo 31.9 • 5Burundi 32.7 • pRwanda 32.9 • pMozambique 33.1 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 33.1 • pTanzania 33.4 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 33.5 • 5Malawi 34.2 • pLiberia 35.1 • pVenezuela, RB 41.7 • pZimbabwe 45.4 • pAndorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 2.0 • LKiribati 2.4 • LSweden 2.9 • LUnited Kingdom 2.9 • LIsrael 3.2 • LMaldives 3.3 • LNorway 3.3 • LDenmark 3.4 • LIceland 3.6 • LNetherlands 3.6 • LSpain 3.6 • LSwitzerland 3.6 • LSingapore 3.7 • LIreland 4.0 • LGermany 4.2 • LFinland 4.4 • LJapan 4.7 • LFrance 5.1 • LAustralia 5.4 • LBarbados 5.5 • LMalta 5.5 • LItaly 5.6 • LAustria 5.7 • LCanada 5.8 • LFiji 5.8 • LTonga 6.0 • LNew Zealand 6.1 • LEstonia 6.3 • LCyprus 6.5 • LCzech Republic 6.5 • LSlovenia 6.5 • LGrenada 6.6 • LBahrain 7.1 • LBelgium 7.1 • LSerbia 7.4 • LHungary 7.5 • LBulgaria 7.6 • LCuba 7.6 • LLuxembourg 7.7 • LPortugal 7.7 • LSeychelles 7.9 • LBrunei Darussalam 8.0 • LGreece 8.1 • LNorth Macedonia 8.1 • LSlovak Republic 8.2 • LTurkey 8.8 • pRomania 8.9 • LCroatia 9.2 • LPoland 9.4 • L

Ukraine 9.7 • LUnited Arab Emirates 9.8 • LLatvia 9.9 • LAzerbaijan 10.0 • LJamaica 10.0 • 5Uzbekistan 10.2 • LMontenegro 10.3 • LMoldova 10.7 • LPanama 10.7 • LPhilippines 10.7 • pUnited States 10.8 • DThe Bahamas 11.0 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 11.5 • pChile 11.6 • 5Georgia 11.6 • LMexico 11.8 • LKorea, Rep. 12.0 • LBelarus 12.6 • LBangladesh 12.8 • DQatar 12.8 • LMauritius 12.9 • pLithuania 13.0 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 13.3 • DPeru 13.3 • DTrinidad and Tobago 13.5 • LAlbania 13.6 • DArgentina 14.1 • pPakistan 14.3 • D

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 14.7 • p

Costa Rica 14.9 • pNicaragua 14.9 • DBhutan 15.0 • DLao PDR 15.0 • 5Afghanistan 15.2 • 5Vanuatu 15.2 • pGuyana 15.3 • DHaiti 15.3 • 5Indonesia 15.5 • DSamoa 15.5 • pArmenia 15.7 • 5Honduras 16.5 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 16.6 • 5Papua New Guinea 16.9 • pSri Lanka 17.2 • DNepal 17.3 • 5Russian Federation 17.4 • 5Turkmenistan 17.4 • 5Uruguay 17.4 • p



*Imputed data point



Life expectancy at birth is defined as how long, on average, a newborn can expect to live, if current death rates do not change.Source: WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Life Expectancy at birth (years)

Ukraine 72.5 • DUzbekistan 72.3 • 5


Vanuatu 72.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 71.9 • DLibya 71.9 • 5Russian Federation 71.9 • DSuriname 71.8 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 71.8 • 5Bolivia 71.5 • DMoldova 71.5 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 71.4 • DKazakhstan 71.1 • DSolomon Islands 71.1 • 5Tajikistan 70.8 • 5Bhutan 70.6 • 5Belize 70.5 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 70.5 • 5Nepal 70.2 • DFiji 69.9 • 5Iraq 69.8 • pMongolia 69.8 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 69.6 • 5Cambodia 69.4 • 5Indonesia 69.3 • 5Philippines 69.3 • 5India 68.8 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 68.7 • 5Timor-Leste 68.6 • 5Turkmenistan 68.2 • 5Rwanda 68.0 • DMyanmar 66.8 • 5Senegal 66.8 • 5Kenya 66.7 • DPakistan 66.5 • 5Gabon 66.4 • DGuyana 66.2 • 5Botswana 66.1 • DKiribati 66.1 • 5Madagascar 66.1 • 5Papua New Guinea 65.9 • 5Lao PDR 65.8 • 5Ethiopia 65.5 • DYemen, Rep. 65.3 • 5Sudan 65.1 • 5Eritrea 65.0 • 5Congo, Rep. 64.3 • 5Malawi 64.2 • D

Comoros 63.9 • 5Mauritania 63.9 • 5Tanzania 63.9 • DDjibouti 63.8 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 63.8 • pNamibia 63.7 • 5South Africa 63.6 • DHaiti 63.5 • 5Ghana 63.4 • 5Liberia 62.9 • 5Afghanistan 62.7 • 5Angola 62.6 • 5Uganda 62.5 • DZambia 62.3 • DThe Gambia 61.9 • 5Zimbabwe 61.4 • DBenin 61.1 • 5Togo 60.6 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 60.5 • 5Burkina Faso 60.3 • 5Burundi 60.1 • 5Mozambique 60.1 • DGuinea 59.8 • 5Guinea-Bissau 59.8 • 5Niger 59.8 • 5Equatorial Guinea 59.5 • 5South Sudan 58.6 • 5Cameroon 58.1 • 5Mali 58.0 • 5Eswatini 57.7 • 5Somalia 55.4 • 5Nigeria 55.2 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 54.6 • 5Chad 54.3 • 5Sierra Leone 53.1 • 5Central African Republic 53.0 • 5Lesotho 52.9 • 5Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Japan 84.2 • LSwitzerland 83.3 • LSpain 83.1 • LAustralia 82.9 • LFrance 82.9 • LSingapore 82.9 • LCanada 82.8 • LItaly 82.8 • LKorea, Rep. 82.7 • LNorway 82.5 • LIceland 82.4 • LLuxembourg 82.4 • LSweden 82.4 • LIsrael 82.3 • LNew Zealand 82.2 • LAustria 81.9 • LNetherlands 81.6 • LIreland 81.5 • LMalta 81.5 • LPortugal 81.5 • LFinland 81.4 • LUnited Kingdom 81.4 • LBelgium 81.2 • LDenmark 81.2 • LGreece 81.2 • LGermany 81.0 • LSlovenia 80.9 • LCyprus 80.7 • LCosta Rica 79.6 • LChile 79.5 • LCzech Republic 79.2 • LBahrain 79.1 • LCuba 79.0 • DUnited States 78.5 • pMaldives 78.4 • LCroatia 78.3 • LQatar 78.1 • DPanama 78.0 • DEstonia 77.8 • LPoland 77.8 • LSlovak Republic 77.4 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 77.3 • DUnited Arab Emirates 77.2 • DUruguay 77.1 • DOman 77.0 • DArgentina 76.9 • DMontenegro 76.8 • DMexico 76.6 • DEcuador 76.5 • D

Albania 76.4 • DAlgeria 76.4 • DBrunei Darussalam 76.4 • 5China 76.4 • DTurkey 76.4 • DLebanon 76.3 • DSerbia 76.3 • DVietnam 76.3 • DHungary 76.0 • DJamaica 76.0 • DMorocco 76.0 • DTunisia 76.0 • DNorth Macedonia 75.9 • DPeru 75.9 • DThe Bahamas 75.7 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 75.7 • DBarbados 75.6 • 5St. Lucia 75.6 • 5Nicaragua 75.5 • DThailand 75.5 • DMalaysia 75.3 • DSri Lanka 75.3 • 5Honduras 75.2 • DRomania 75.2 • 5Brazil 75.1 • DColombia 75.1 • 5Samoa 75.1 • DAntigua and Barbuda 75.0 • 5Latvia 75.0 • DLithuania 75.0 • DArmenia 74.8 • DBulgaria 74.8 • 5Kuwait 74.8 • 5Mauritius 74.8 • DSaudi Arabia 74.8 • 5Jordan 74.3 • 5Belarus 74.2 • LParaguay 74.2 • 5Venezuela, RB 74.1 • 5El Salvador 73.7 • DDominican Republic 73.5 • 5Grenada 73.4 • 5Tonga 73.4 • 5Seychelles 73.3 • 5Cabo Verde 73.2 • 5Guatemala 73.2 • DAzerbaijan 73.1 • DBangladesh 72.7 • DGeorgia 72.6 • 5



*Imputed data point



The number of births per 1,000 by women between the age of 15-19.Source: UNDP (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19)

South Africa 44.4 • DAntigua and Barbuda 44.7 • DCuba 45.0 • DTimor-Leste 45.6 • DChile 46.6 • DSuriname 46.7 • 5Georgia 47.1 • DSolomon Islands 47.8 • DIndonesia 48.0 • 5Peru 48.4 • 5Colombia 49.5 • DCambodia 49.9 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 50.1 • D

Egypt, Arab Rep. 51.0 • 5Thailand 51.8 • pAzerbaijan 52.6 • pPapua New Guinea 53.4 • 5Eritrea 53.5 • DJamaica 54.4 • DCosta Rica 54.6 • DUruguay 55.4 • 5Paraguay 56.6 • 5Seychelles 57.8 • 5Philippines 59.9 • pMexico 61.4 • 5Yemen, Rep. 61.8 • DNepal 62.1 • DBrazil 62.7 • 5Argentina 63.0 • 5Lao PDR 63.3 • 5Belize 64.7 • 5Ethiopia 64.9 • DSouth Sudan 65.2 • DComoros 67.2 • DSudan 67.2 • DGhana 67.6 • 5Afghanistan 68.8 • LBolivia 69.0 • 5El Salvador 70.3 • 5Honduras 72.2 • 5Guatemala 72.5 • 5Ecuador 74.6 • 5Cabo Verde 74.7 • 5Senegal 74.9 • DNamibia 75.0 • 5Eswatini 78.5 • 5Iraq 79.8 • pMauritania 80.5 • 5

Kenya 81.8 • 5The Gambia 81.9 • DPanama 82.8 • 5Bangladesh 84.4 • 5Venezuela, RB 85.8 • 5Zambia 86.0 • DGuyana 86.7 • 5Nicaragua 86.9 • 5Guinea-Bissau 87.2 • DBenin 88.1 • 5Togo 89.6 • 5Lesotho 89.7 • 5Dominican Republic 96.1 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 96.3 • 5Gabon 98.5 • DSomalia 102.2 • 5Central African Republic 105.8 • 5Zimbabwe 105.8 • 5Burkina Faso 106.5 • 5Cameroon 108.8 • 5Nigeria 109.3 • 5Uganda 110.5 • DMadagascar 111.7 • 5Congo, Rep. 114.1 • 5Sierra Leone 115.6 • 5Tanzania 116.6 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 125.2 • 5Liberia 128.8 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 133.4 • 5Guinea 137.4 • 5Mozambique 138.9 • 5Malawi 141.0 • 5Angola 154.5 • 5Equatorial Guinea 157.9 • 5Chad 164.5 • 5Mali 171.1 • 5Niger 194.0 • 5Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.3 • LKorea, Rep. 1.7 • LSwitzerland 3.1 • LSingapore 3.7 • LNetherlands 4.1 • LJapan 4.2 • LDenmark 4.2 • LSlovenia 4.3 • LCyprus 4.7 • LBelgium 5.1 • LSweden 5.3 • LLuxembourg 5.4 • LNorway 5.7 • LLibya 5.7 • LItaly 6.2 • LMaldives 6.5 • LChina 6.5 • LGermany 6.8 • LFinland 6.9 • LAustria 7.2 • LIceland 7.3 • LGreece 7.5 • LTunisia 7.6 • LOman 7.9 • LSaudi Arabia 8.3 • LSpain 8.7 • LFrance 8.8 • LCroatia 9.4 • LKuwait 9.4 • LIsrael 9.7 • LCanada 9.8 • LPortugal 9.9 • LIreland 10.1 • LQatar 10.2 • LCzech Republic 10.2 • LAlgeria 10.4 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 10.4 • LBrunei Darussalam 10.9 • LLithuania 11.4 • LMontenegro 12.1 • LLebanon 12.2 • LPoland 13.0 • LAustralia 13.3 • LEstonia 13.3 • LMalaysia 13.4 • LBahrain 13.5 • LUnited Kingdom 13.5 • LLatvia 13.8 • LSri Lanka 14.8 • L

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 14.9 • LTonga 15.1 • LNorth Macedonia 16.6 • LUzbekistan 16.7 • LMalta 16.8 • LKiribati 17.2 • LBelarus 18.0 • LSerbia 19.3 • LDjibouti 19.4 • LHungary 19.8 • LNew Zealand 20.6 • LUnited States 20.6 • LAlbania 20.7 • LBhutan 22.1 • LSlovak Republic 22.2 • LRussian Federation 22.5 • LMoldova 22.7 • LJordan 23.3 • LArmenia 24.0 • LMongolia 24.2 • LIndia 24.5 • LUkraine 24.7 • LSamoa 24.8 • LTurkmenistan 24.8 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 25.7 • LRwanda 26.8 • LTurkey 26.9 • LMauritius 26.9 • LBurundi 27.4 • LThe Bahamas 28.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 28.2 • 5Kazakhstan 28.4 • LVietnam 29.0 • LMyanmar 29.0 • LGrenada 30.4 • LTrinidad and Tobago 31.0 • LMorocco 31.7 • DBotswana 31.7 • LRomania 33.7 • DTajikistan 36.9 • DPakistan 37.7 • DHaiti 38.2 • DKyrgyz Republic 38.8 • 5Barbados 39.2 • LSyrian Arab Republic 39.5 • DBulgaria 40.3 • DSt. Lucia 41.3 • DVanuatu 42.5 • 5Fiji 43.7 • 5



*Imputed data point



The percentage of births attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns.Source: UNICEF (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

Venezuela, RB 96.2 • pDominica 96.0 • pMaldives 95.6 • ••Paraguay 95.5 • 5Tonga 95.5 • ••Romania 95.2 • pPanama 94.6 • DDenmark 94.4 • pVietnam 93.8 • ••Tuvalu 93.1 • ••Indonesia 92.6 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 92.5 • ••Peru 92.4 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 91.5 • ••Cabo Verde 91.4 • pCongo, Rep. 91.2 • 5Rwanda 90.7 • LMarshall Islands 90.1 • ••Costa Rica 90.0 • pBolivia 89.8 • LMalawi 89.8 • LVanuatu 89.4 • ••Gabon 89.3 • ••Bhutan 89.0 • LCambodia 89.0 • ••Eswatini 88.3 • ••Namibia 88.2 • ••Nicaragua 88.0 • ••Djibouti 87.4 • ••Solomon Islands 86.2 • ••Guyana 85.7 • ••India 85.7 • ••Burundi 85.1 • LHonduras 82.8 • ••Samoa 82.5 • ••Comoros 82.2 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 80.1 • ••Suriname 80.0 • pBurkina Faso 79.8 • LZimbabwe 78.1 • LLesotho 77.9 • ••Sudan 77.7 • ••Benin 77.2 • ••Uganda 74.2 • LCôte d’Ivoire 73.6 • LMorocco 73.6 • ••Tunisia 73.6 • ••Philippines 72.8 • ••Ghana 70.8 • ••

Iraq 70.4 • ••Mauritania 69.3 • DEquatorial Guinea 68.3 • ••Guatemala 65.5 • DCameroon 64.7 • ••Tanzania 63.5 • 5Zambia 63.3 • ••Guinea 62.7 • LKenya 61.8 • ••Liberia 61.1 • ••Myanmar 60.2 • pSierra Leone 59.7 • ••Nepal 58.0 • LThe Gambia 57.2 • ••Timor-Leste 56.7 • LMozambique 54.3 • ••Senegal 53.1 • pPapua New Guinea 53.0 • ••Pakistan 52.1 • ••Afghanistan 50.5 • DBangladesh 49.8 • DAngola 46.9 • ••Guinea-Bissau 45.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 44.7 • ••Togo 44.6 • ••Madagascar 44.3 • ••Mali 43.7 • pNigeria 43.0 • pHaiti 41.7 • 5Lao PDR 40.1 • ••Central African Republic 40.0 • ••Niger 39.7 • DEritrea 34.1 • ••Ethiopia 27.7 • DChad 20.2 • 5South Sudan 19.4 • ••Somalia 9.4 • ••Andorra NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Greece NA • ••Israel NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Spain NA • ••Sweden NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••

Antigua and Barbuda 100.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 100.0 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 100.0 • LLithuania 100.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 100.0 • ••Netherlands 100.0 • ••Palau 100.0 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 • ••Switzerland 100.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 100.0 • LTurkmenistan 100.0 • ••Uzbekistan 100.0 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 99.9 • LChina 99.9 • LCroatia 99.9 • LCuba 99.9 • LEl Salvador 99.9 • LFiji 99.9 • LFinland 99.9 • LGeorgia 99.9 • LItaly 99.9 • ••Japan 99.9 • LKuwait 99.9 • LLatvia 99.9 • LLibya 99.9 • ••Luxembourg 99.9 • ••North Macedonia 99.9 • LQatar 99.9 • LUkraine 99.9 • ••United Arab Emirates 99.9 • ••Uruguay 99.9 • ••Armenia 99.8 • LAzerbaijan 99.8 • LBelarus 99.8 • ••Bulgaria 99.8 • LCzech Republic 99.8 • ••Malta 99.8 • LMauritius 99.8 • LPoland 99.8 • LSlovenia 99.8 • ••Australia 99.7 • LBahrain 99.7 • LBotswana 99.7 • LChile 99.7 • LIreland 99.7 • LMoldova 99.7 • ••Russian Federation 99.7 • ••Argentina 99.6 • L

The Bahamas 99.6 • ••Dominican Republic 99.6 • LJordan 99.6 • ••Singapore 99.6 • LEstonia 99.4 • LKazakhstan 99.4 • LMalaysia 99.4 • LAlbania 99.3 • ••Grenada 99.3 • LColombia 99.2 • LHungary 99.2 • ••Brazil 99.1 • LJamaica 99.1 • ••Norway 99.1 • LOman 99.1 • ••Thailand 99.1 • LUnited States 99.1 • LBarbados 99.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 99.0 • ••Montenegro 99.0 • ••Seychelles 99.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 99.0 • ••Mongolia 98.9 • ••Portugal 98.9 • ••Germany 98.7 • LSt. Lucia 98.7 • ••Sri Lanka 98.6 • ••Slovak Republic 98.5 • ••Austria 98.4 • LKyrgyz Republic 98.4 • ••Serbia 98.4 • ••Kiribati 98.3 • ••Lebanon 98.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 98.0 • ••Tajikistan 98.0 • LCanada 97.9 • ••Iceland 97.9 • 5Mexico 97.7 • pCyprus 97.4 • ••France 97.4 • LNauru 97.4 • ••Turkey 97.4 • ••Belize 96.8 • LEcuador 96.7 • LSouth Africa 96.7 • ••Algeria 96.6 • ••New Zealand 96.3 • pSyrian Arab Republic 96.2 • ••



*Imputed data point



Estimated national routine immunisation coverage of infants, expressed as the percentage of surviving infants under the age of 12 months who have received two WHO-recommended vaccines (DTP and measles).Source: WHO and UNICEF (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Surviving infants who have received two WHO-recommended vaccines (%)

France 90 • LThe Gambia 90 • LLesotho 90 • LNepal 90 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 90 • LSenegal 90 • LSudan 90 • LTogo 90 • LBrazil 89 • pCanada 89 • LCroatia 89 • LEswatini 89 • LFinland 89 • LIceland 89 • LMauritius 89 • LTrinidad and Tobago 89 • pZimbabwe 89 • LAlgeria 88 • LAntigua and Barbuda 88 • pBelize 88 • LBurkina Faso 88 • 5India 88 • LMoldova 88 • pPhilippines 88 • pMonaco 87 • pNauru 87 • LArgentina 86 • LLiberia 86 • LSerbia 86 • pEl Salvador 85 • LGrenada 85 • LCambodia 84 • pDominican Republic 84 • DSolomon Islands 84 • LVenezuela, RB 84 • LBolivia 83 • pMalawi 83 • pMyanmar 83 • LNorth Macedonia 83 • pPeru 83 • pGuatemala 82 • pKenya 82 • LLao PDR 82 • LRomania 82 • pSan Marino 82 • pEcuador 81 • pGuinea-Bissau 81 • pKiribati 81 • pPanama 81 • 5

Suriname 81 • LTonga 81 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 80 • DMarshall Islands 80 • pMozambique 80 • DNamibia 80 • 5Sierra Leone 80 • 5St. Lucia 80 • LUganda 80 • LVanuatu 80 • LLebanon 79 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 78 • LMauritania 78 • DNiger 78 • LCameroon 77 • 5Dominica 77 • LIndonesia 75 • pPakistan 75 • LBenin 74 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 73 • pTimor-Leste 70 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 69 • pCongo, Rep. 69 • pDjibouti 68 • pEthiopia 65 • 5Yemen, Rep. 65 • DGabon 63 • pIraq 63 • pAfghanistan 62 • pPapua New Guinea 62 • pMali 61 • pSouth Africa 60 • pMadagascar 58 • pMontenegro 58 • pSamoa 58 • DHaiti 53 • pUkraine 50 • pSyrian Arab Republic 48 • pCentral African Republic 47 • 5Guinea 45 • pAngola 42 • pNigeria 42 • pSomalia 42 • 5Chad 37 • 5Equatorial Guinea 25 • pSouth Sudan 20 • pLiechtenstein NA • ••

Andorra 99 • LChina 99 • LCuba 99 • LHungary 99 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 99 • LKazakhstan 99 • LKuwait 99 • LLuxembourg 99 • LMaldives 99 • LMongolia 99 • LMorocco 99 • LOman 99 • LSri Lanka 99 • L

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 99 • L

Thailand 99 • LTurkmenistan 99 • LUzbekistan 99 • LIsrael 98 • LKorea, Rep. 98 • LNicaragua 98 • LPortugal 98 • LTunisia 98 • LBahrain 97 • LBelarus 97 • LBhutan 97 • LBrunei Darussalam 97 • LDenmark 97 • LGreece 97 • LGuyana 97 • LHonduras 97 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 97 • LQatar 97 • LRussian Federation 97 • LSeychelles 97 • LSweden 97 • LTanzania 97 • LUnited Arab Emirates 97 • LAlbania 96 • LBelgium 96 • LCabo Verde 96 • LCosta Rica 96 • LCzech Republic 96 • LJapan 96 • LLatvia 96 • LMexico 96 • LNorway 96 • LPalau 96 • LPoland 96 • L

Saudi Arabia 96 • LSlovak Republic 96 • LSpain 96 • LTajikistan 96 • LTurkey 96 • LAustralia 95 • LAzerbaijan 95 • LBotswana 95 • LEritrea 95 • LGermany 95 • LGhana 95 • LRwanda 95 • LSingapore 95 • LSwitzerland 95 • LTuvalu 95 • LUruguay 95 • LArmenia 94 • LBangladesh 94 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 94 • LFiji 94 • LLibya 94 • LLithuania 94 • LVietnam 94 • LZambia 94 • LChile 93 • LEstonia 93 • LJamaica 93 • LJordan 93 • LMalaysia 93 • LNetherlands 93 • LNew Zealand 93 • LSlovenia 93 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 93 • LBulgaria 92 • LColombia 92 • LIreland 92 • LItaly 92 • LKyrgyz Republic 92 • LParaguay 92 • LUnited Kingdom 92 • LUnited States 92 • LGeorgia 91 • LMalta 91 • LAustria 90 • LThe Bahamas 90 • LBarbados 90 • LBurundi 90 • LComoros 90 • LCyprus 90 • L



*Imputed data point



Coverage of essential health services, as defined by 9 tracer interventions and risk-standardized death rates from 32 causes amenable to personal healthcare.Source: IMHE (2017) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Universal Health Coverage Tracer Index (0–100)

Turkmenistan 68.2 • 5Ecuador 67.9 • 5Uzbekistan 67.8 • 5Grenada 67.7 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 67.4 • 5Botswana 66.6 • 5Belize 66.1 • 5Mongolia 65.7 • 5South Africa 65.2 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 65.2 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 64.7 • 5Dominican Republic 64.3 • p


Bhutan 64.1 • DDominica 64.0 • pHonduras 62.7 • 5Suriname 62.5 • 5Cambodia 61.9 • DGuatemala 61.8 • pIndonesia 61.8 • 5Namibia 61.6 • DMorocco 61.1 • 5Bolivia 61.0 • DGuyana 61.0 • 5Tonga 60.7 • 5Tajikistan 60.6 • 5Sudan 60.5 • DFiji 59.9 • 5Samoa 59.9 • 5Bangladesh 59.8 • DNepal 59.0 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 58.6 • 5Myanmar 58.4 • DPhilippines 57.9 • 5Ghana 57.1 • 5India 56.8 • 5Yemen, Rep. 56.2 • 5Mauritania 56.1 • 5Gabon 56.0 • 5Solomon Islands 55.6 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 55.1 • 5Eswatini 54.7 • 5Timor-Leste 54.5 • 5Zambia 54.0 • 5Kenya 53.3 • 5Togo 53.3 • 5Lao PDR 53.0 • DCameroon 53.0 • 5

Senegal 52.6 • 5Lesotho 52.6 • 5Malawi 52.4 • 5Equatorial Guinea 52.2 • 5Pakistan 51.6 • 5Liberia 51.4 • 5The Gambia 51.3 • 5Burkina Faso 51.1 • 5Benin 50.6 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 50.3 • 5Zimbabwe 50.2 • 5Tanzania 50.2 • 5Rwanda 50.1 • 5Sierra Leone 49.5 • 5Marshall Islands 49.3 • 5Djibouti 48.9 • 5Congo, Rep. 48.5 • 5Comoros 47.4 • 5Haiti 47.2 • 5Uganda 46.9 • 5Niger 46.8 • 5Vanuatu 46.8 • 5Papua New Guinea 46.6 • 5Mali 46.6 • 5Nigeria 46.4 • pAfghanistan 46.0 • 5Mozambique 45.9 • 5Burundi 45.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 45.0 • 5Ethiopia 44.2 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 43.9 • 5Kiribati 43.7 • 5Angola 43.2 • 5Madagascar 41.6 • 5Eritrea 40.4 • 5Chad 39.6 • 5Guinea 35.8 • pSouth Sudan 30.7 • 5Central African Republic 30.3 • pSomalia 25.8 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Switzerland 95.7 • LAustralia 95.2 • LNorway 95.1 • LIceland 95.0 • LItaly 94.7 • LSweden 94.6 • LIreland 94.5 • LNetherlands 94.4 • LLuxembourg 94.2 • LAndorra 93.9 • LJapan 93.7 • LFrance 93.6 • LCyprus 93.6 • LSpain 93.6 • LBelgium 93.5 • LCanada 92.8 • LNew Zealand 92.7 • LKorea, Rep. 92.6 • LFinland 92.5 • LSingapore 92.4 • LAustria 92.2 • LDenmark 91.8 • LUnited Kingdom 91.0 • LGreece 90.9 • LGermany 90.7 • LSlovenia 90.7 • LPortugal 90.2 • LIsrael 89.6 • LMalta 89.6 • LCzech Republic 88.6 • LUnited States 87.8 • LCroatia 87.2 • LEstonia 85.5 • LKuwait 84.8 • LPoland 84.5 • LHungary 84.2 • LQatar 83.6 • LBelarus 83.6 • LSlovak Republic 83.2 • LLatvia 81.9 • LBahrain 81.5 • LLithuania 81.2 • LLebanon 81.2 • LRussian Federation 81.1 • LChile 81.1 • LMontenegro 80.7 • LSerbia 80.5 • LChina 80.4 • LAlbania 80.3 • L

Romania 79.6 • LTunisia 79.4 • LOman 79.3 • LMaldives 78.2 • pCuba 78.1 • 5Saudi Arabia 77.8 • LTurkey 77.8 • LNorth Macedonia 77.7 • 5Bulgaria 77.7 • LJordan 77.3 • LUruguay 77.1 • DSri Lanka 77.1 • LCosta Rica 76.7 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 76.7 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 76.6 • 5Brunei Darussalam 76.5 • 5Thailand 76.4 • DArmenia 75.9 • DUkraine 75.3 • pColombia 74.8 • DArgentina 74.7 • DBarbados 74.6 • DPanama 73.8 • DKazakhstan 73.1 • LMalaysia 72.9 • 5Moldova 72.6 • 5Algeria 72.3 • DPeru 71.9 • DVietnam 71.7 • DMauritius 71.7 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 71.6 • 5Nicaragua 71.2 • DGeorgia 71.2 • 5Iraq 71.1 • DVenezuela, RB 70.9 • 5Jamaica 70.6 • pLibya 70.6 • 5Mexico 70.5 • pEl Salvador 70.1 • 5Brazil 70.0 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 69.9 • pParaguay 69.6 • DThe Bahamas 69.5 • 5United Arab Emirates 69.0 • 5Seychelles 69.0 • 5Azerbaijan 68.7 • DSt. Lucia 68.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 68.6 • DCabo Verde 68.3 • D



*Imputed data point



Subjective self-evaluation of life, where respondents are asked to evaluate where they feel they stand on a ladder where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life.Source: Gallup (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Subjective wellbeing 0 (worst) to 10 (best)

China 5.1 • pCambodia 5.1 • LBulgaria 5.1 • LBhutan 5.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 5.1 • pArmenia 5.1 • LAlgeria 5.0 • pAlbania 5.0 • LBurkina Faso 4.9 • LThe Gambia 4.9 • ••Nepal 4.9 • 5Morocco 4.9 • pSouth Africa 4.9 • pNamibia 4.8 • DGabon 4.8 • 5Senegal 4.8 • DTunisia 4.7 • pSomalia 4.7 • ••Ukraine 4.7 • LKenya 4.7 • DMozambique 4.7 • 5Jordan 4.6 • pLao PDR 4.6 • ••Turkmenistan 4.6 • pBangladesh 4.5 • pChad 4.5 • DIraq 4.5 • pGeorgia 4.5 • LMali 4.4 • pMyanmar 4.4 • DSri Lanka 4.4 • pEthiopia 4.4 • pDjibouti 4.4 • ••Uganda 4.3 • 5Mauritania 4.3 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 4.3 • LSierra Leone 4.3 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 4.3 • pEswatini 4.2 • ••Sudan 4.1 • ••Liberia 4.1 • LMadagascar 4.1 • LIndia 4.0 • pZambia 4.0 • pTogo 4.0 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 4.0 • pComoros 4.0 • ••Lesotho 3.8 • pAngola 3.8 • ••

Burundi 3.8 • LZimbabwe 3.6 • pHaiti 3.6 • 5Rwanda 3.6 • 5Botswana 3.5 • pCentral African Republic 3.5 • LSyrian Arab Republic 3.5 • ••Tanzania 3.4 • pMalawi 3.3 • pYemen, Rep. 3.3 • DSouth Sudan 2.8 • pAfghanistan 2.7 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Finland 7.9 • LDenmark 7.6 • LSwitzerland 7.5 • LIceland 7.5 • LNetherlands 7.5 • LNorway 7.4 • LAustria 7.4 • LSweden 7.4 • LNew Zealand 7.4 • LLuxembourg 7.2 • LUnited Kingdom 7.2 • LAustralia 7.2 • LCanada 7.2 • LCosta Rica 7.1 • LGermany 7.1 • LUnited Arab Emirates 7.0 • LCzech Republic 7.0 • LIreland 7.0 • LIsrael 6.9 • LMalta 6.9 • LBelgium 6.9 • LUnited States 6.9 • LOman 6.9 • ••France 6.7 • LGuatemala 6.6 • LItaly 6.5 • LSpain 6.5 • LChile 6.4 • LMexico 6.4 • LSingapore 6.4 • LQatar 6.4 • ••Slovak Republic 6.4 • LUruguay 6.3 • LSaudi Arabia 6.3 • LPanama 6.3 • LCyprus 6.3 • LEl Salvador 6.3 • LLithuania 6.3 • LSuriname 6.3 • ••Slovenia 6.2 • LBahrain 6.2 • LUzbekistan 6.2 • LPoland 6.2 • LTrinidad and Tobago 6.2 • ••Brazil 6.2 • LRomania 6.2 • LEcuador 6.1 • LKuwait 6.1 • LEstonia 6.1 • L

Hungary 6.1 • LThailand 6.0 • LKazakhstan 6.0 • LGuyana 6.0 • ••Colombia 6.0 • pLatvia 6.0 • LBelize 6.0 • ••Serbia 5.9 • LBolivia 5.9 • LHonduras 5.9 • LJamaica 5.9 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 5.9 • LMauritius 5.9 • LPhilippines 5.9 • LParaguay 5.9 • LKorea, Rep. 5.8 • LTajikistan 5.8 • LBenin 5.8 • LNicaragua 5.8 • pJapan 5.8 • pArgentina 5.8 • pPortugal 5.7 • LPeru 5.7 • LMontenegro 5.7 • LCroatia 5.5 • LRussian Federation 5.5 • pLibya 5.5 • pCongo, Rep. 5.5 • LGhana 5.5 • LPakistan 5.5 • LMongolia 5.5 • LDominican Republic 5.4 • LCuba 5.4 • ••Greece 5.4 • pIndonesia 5.3 • LMalaysia 5.3 • pMoldova 5.3 • pKyrgyz Republic 5.3 • LVietnam 5.3 • LCôte d’Ivoire 5.3 • LNigeria 5.3 • LGuinea 5.3 • LCameroon 5.3 • LNorth Macedonia 5.2 • LBelarus 5.2 • pTurkey 5.2 • pLebanon 5.2 • pNiger 5.2 • LAzerbaijan 5.2 • 5




*Imputed data point



Difference between maximum and minimum life expectancy at birth among different regions of the country.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years)

(OECD Member States)

Ireland 0.1 • ••Japan 0.9 • ••Finland 1.1 • ••Sweden 1.2 • ••Denmark 1.3 • ••Netherlands 1.3 • ••Norway 1.3 • ••Austria 1.9 • ••Slovak Republic 1.9 • ••Switzerland 1.9 • ••Chile 2.0 • ••Germany 2.2 • ••Lithuania 2.3 • ••Australia 2.4 • ••Greece 2.4 • ••Slovenia 2.4 • ••Korea, Rep. 2.5 • ••Italy 2.6 • ••

Israel 2.7 • ••Belgium 2.8 • ••Poland 2.8 • ••Turkey 2.9 • ••Hungary 3.0 • ••Spain 3.0 • ••Czech Republic 3.4 • ••Latvia 3.4 • ••United Kingdom 3.5 • ••Estonia 3.7 • ••France 3.7 • ••Mexico 3.7 • ••New Zealand 4.0 • ••Portugal 4.1 • ••United States 6.3 • ••Canada 11.5 • ••Iceland NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••

Israel 5.8 • LGreece 6.5 • LItaly 7.6 • LAustralia 8.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 9.2 • LFrance 9.6 • LLuxembourg 10.6 • LJapan 11.4 • LTurkey 12.1 • LSpain 12.3 • LCanada 14.5 • LIceland 14.5 • LDenmark 16.9 • LSlovak Republic 16.9 • LNorway 17.1 • LAustria 17.5 • LHungary 18.9 • LSwitzerland 19.3 • L

Ireland 19.9 • LSweden 19.9 • LChile 21.6 • pUnited Kingdom 22.0 • pUnited States 22.1 • 5Portugal 22.6 • DNetherlands 24.0 • pPoland 24.2 • pFinland 25.6 • pSlovenia 25.7 • LBelgium 27.6 • 5Germany 29.8 • pLatvia 37.3 • pCzech Republic 39.9 • pLithuania 40.0 • pEstonia 44.7 • pMexico NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••

Gap in self-reported health by income (0–100)

(OECD Member States)

Difference between self-reported health status by income level between first and fifth quintile.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)


*Imputed data point




The percentage of the population aged 15 years and older who are reported to smoke daily.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Daily smokers (% population age 15+)(OECD Member States)

Mexico 7.6 • LIceland 9.4 • LSweden 10.9 • LNorway 11.0 • LUnited States 11.8 • LAustralia 12.4 • LCanada 12.5 • LNew Zealand 13.8 • LFinland 15.0 • LLuxembourg 16.0 • LUnited Kingdom 16.1 • LPortugal 16.8 • ••Denmark 16.9 • LIsrael 17.2 • LIreland 18.0 • ••Netherlands 18.0 • LJapan 18.3 • LKorea, Rep. 18.4 • L

Germany 18.8 • ••Belgium 18.9 • ••Slovenia 18.9 • ••Czech Republic 19.6 • LItaly 20.0 • LLithuania 20.4 • ••Switzerland 20.4 • ••Estonia 21.3 • LFrance 22.4 • ••Poland 22.7 • ••Slovak Republic 22.9 • ••Spain 23.0 • ••Latvia 24.1 • ••Austria 24.3 • ••Chile 24.5 • ••Hungary 25.8 • ••Turkey 26.5 • pGreece 27.3 • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of children of the official school age population who are enrolled in primary education.Source: UNESCO (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Net primary school enrolment rate (%)

Iraq 92.3 • ••India 92.3 • ••Liechtenstein 92.1 • DArmenia 92.0 • pIndonesia 91.9 • 5Bolivia 91.9 • LNorth Macedonia 91.7 • ••Jamaica 91.5 • ••Guyana 91.5 • ••Hungary 91.4 • 5Ecuador 91.3 • pColombia 91.3 • pBulgaria 91.2 • pUganda 90.9 • ••Cambodia 90.6 • pBangladesh 90.5 • ••Suriname 90.2 • 5Togo 90.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 89.9 • pBarbados 89.2 • pBotswana 89.0 • ••Paraguay 88.5 • ••The Bahamas 88.2 • ••Kazakhstan 87.6 • pMozambique 87.5 • 5Croatia 87.5 • pKuwait 87.3 • pPanama 87.2 • ••Tonga 86.9 • ••Romania 86.6 • pMoldova 86.5 • pLebanon 86.3 • pCabo Verde 86.2 • pCôte d’Ivoire 86.0 • LCongo, Rep. 85.8 • ••Vanuatu 85.8 • ••Guatemala 85.6 • pEthiopia 85.4 • ••Zimbabwe 84.8 • ••Tuvalu 84.6 • ••South Africa 84.3 • ••Nauru 84.2 • LZambia 84.1 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 84.0 • ••Venezuela, RB 84.0 • pGhana 83.6 • DHonduras 83.3 • pYemen, Rep. 83.1 • pKenya 81.8 • ••

Lesotho 80.9 • pEl Salvador 80.6 • pBhutan 79.9 • pTanzania 79.9 • pComoros 79.8 • pAntigua and Barbuda 79.6 • 5Timor-Leste 78.7 • pThe Gambia 78.6 • DMadagascar 77.7 • ••Angola 77.5 • ••Marshall Islands 77.1 • pGuinea 76.8 • 5Pakistan 76.5 • DBurkina Faso 76.4 • DPapua New Guinea 75.8 • DEswatini 75.7 • pMauritania 75.7 • DChad 74.2 • pSenegal 74.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 70.9 • ••Solomon Islands 69.5 • pCentral African Republic 68.1 • ••Niger 65.4 • 5Nigeria 64.1 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 63.2 • ••Mali 61.2 • pSudan 60.4 • 5Djibouti 57.3 • 5Equatorial Guinea 43.3 • ••Eritrea 37.4 • pLiberia 36.8 • pSouth Sudan 32.1 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Austria NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••China NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Gabon NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Libya NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••

Canada 100.0 • LNorway 99.9 • LUnited Kingdom 99.7 • LMaldives 99.5 • ••Singapore 99.5 • ••Iceland 99.5 • LSweden 99.4 • LNew Zealand 99.1 • LSri Lanka 99.1 • LFinland 99.1 • LPalau 99.1 • ••Argentina 99.0 • LGermany 98.8 • LDenmark 98.7 • LMalaysia 98.6 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 98.6 • LTunisia 98.6 • ••France 98.6 • LSpain 98.5 • LSierra Leone 98.3 • LBelgium 98.3 • LLithuania 98.3 • LJapan 98.2 • LUruguay 98.0 • LThailand 98.0 • ••Vietnam 98.0 • ••Georgia 97.9 • LMongolia 97.9 • LTajikistan 97.7 • LMyanmar 97.7 • ••Slovenia 97.7 • pMalta 97.6 • pAlgeria 97.5 • LBahrain 97.4 • LSaudi Arabia 97.4 • ••Cyprus 97.4 • ••Netherlands 97.3 • pFiji 97.2 • LBenin 97.0 • LNamibia 97.0 • LIsrael 97.0 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 97.0 • 5Russian Federation 97.0 • LNicaragua 97.0 • ••Cuba 96.9 • pItaly 96.9 • pMorocco 96.8 • LAustralia 96.7 • pBurundi 96.6 • ••

Costa Rica 96.6 • pPeru 96.6 • LAlbania 96.5 • LLatvia 96.3 • pPortugal 96.3 • pMalawi 96.3 • ••Uzbekistan 96.2 • LKorea, Rep. 96.1 • pBelize 96.1 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 96.1 • LIreland 95.9 • DMontenegro 95.8 • 5Mauritius 95.8 • LBelarus 95.7 • LDominica 95.6 • ••Luxembourg 95.5 • LSeychelles 95.5 • ••Brazil 95.5 • pMexico 95.3 • pTrinidad and Tobago 95.2 • ••Cameroon 95.2 • LSerbia 95.2 • DGrenada 95.2 • LKiribati 95.1 • ••United States 95.1 • LPoland 95.0 • pPhilippines 95.0 • ••Chile 94.8 • LNepal 94.7 • pUnited Arab Emirates 94.6 • LSamoa 94.5 • 5Qatar 94.4 • LTurkey 94.3 • LOman 94.1 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 94.1 • ••Rwanda 93.9 • ••Brunei Darussalam 93.8 • DAzerbaijan 93.7 • LSwitzerland 93.5 • 5Estonia 93.5 • p


St. Lucia 93.4 • ••Lao PDR 93.3 • 5Greece 92.9 • pDominican Republic 92.9 • DSan Marino 92.7 • ••Ukraine 92.4 • ••Jordan 92.4 • ••



*Imputed data point



Lower secondary education completion rate measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.Source: UNESCO (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Lower secondary completion rate (%)

Tonga 78.7 • ••Thailand 78.4 • ••El Salvador 78.2 • pBangladesh 77.6 • LNauru 77.0 • ••Dominican Republic 76.7 • 5Colombia 76.4 • pSouth Africa 75.4 • ••Ghana 74.7 • LTuvalu 74.6 • ••Cabo Verde 74.3 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 74.2 • pPanama 74.2 • ••Uruguay 74.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 71.9 • pBrazil 71.8 • ••Tunisia 70.8 • ••Solomon Islands 70.6 • DNamibia 69.8 • LLao PDR 69.7 • LNicaragua 67.1 • ••Belize 66.9 • 5Morocco 64.8 • 5Zimbabwe 64.6 • ••Paraguay 64.1 • pPapua New Guinea 63.8 • 5Gambia, The 63.2 • ••Guatemala 62.6 • 5Jordan 60.8 • pMyanmar 60.6 • ••Costa Rica 56.8 • pEswatini 55.1 • DCambodia 54.3 • DAfghanistan 54.1 • ••Zambia 53.4 • ••Pakistan 53.3 • DVanuatu 52.9 • ••Yemen, Rep. 52.5 • 5Lebanon 52.4 • pSyrian Arab Republic 50.5 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 50.5 • ••Sudan 50.0 • 5Sierra Leone 49.7 • 5Congo, Rep. 49.7 • ••Cameroon 48.5 • DComoros 48.3 • ••Iraq 48.1 • ••Suriname 47.7 • DBulgaria 47.6 • 5

Honduras 47.5 • 5Cote d'Ivoire 47.1 • DNigeria 47.0 • ••Togo 46.5 • DBenin 45.8 • pDjibouti 43.5 • pLesotho 43.2 • 5Burundi 40.7 • DLiberia 37.3 • ••Burkina Faso 37.0 • DRwanda 36.9 • 5Senegal 36.9 • 5Madagascar 36.6 • 5Guinea 36.5 • ••Guinea-Bissau 36.1 • ••Mauritania 35.0 • DEritrea 30.6 • pMali 29.7 • pEthiopia 29.6 • ••Tanzania 29.0 • pUganda 25.6 • 5Equatorial Guinea 24.0 • ••Mozambique 22.5 • 5Angola 20.9 • ••Malawi 20.3 • ••Niger 18.0 • 5Chad 17.5 • ••South Sudan 16.9 • ••Central African Republic 10.0 • pAndorra NA • ••Australia NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Canada NA • ••Gabon NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Netherlands NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Portugal NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••United States NA • ••

Marshall Islands 133.8 • ••Seychelles 125.2 • LSaudi Arabia 116.1 • LKazakhstan 109.7 • LSweden 108.2 • LEstonia 108.0 • LGeorgia 107.4 • LSingapore 107.4 • ••Mongolia 106.6 • ••Palau 105.2 • ••Ecuador 104.1 • LMaldives 103.9 • LBelarus 102.6 • LJapan 102.5 • LBrunei Darussalam 102.3 • LChina 102.2 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 102.1 • L

Korea, Rep. 101.5 • LIsrael 101.4 • LLithuania 101.3 • LNorway 101.1 • LBarbados 100.8 • ••Samoa 100.5 • LFinland 99.8 • LItaly 99.8 • LMalta 99.8 • LOman 99.7 • LDenmark 99.5 • LMontenegro 99.4 • LIreland 99.4 • LRussian Federation 98.9 • LLuxembourg 98.7 • LFrance 98.3 • LSwitzerland 98.1 • LCyprus 97.6 • ••Bahrain 97.3 • LAustria 97.2 • LCzech Republic 96.9 • LDominica 96.8 • ••Fiji 96.8 • LIceland 96.8 • ••The Bahamas 96.7 • ••Sri Lanka 96.5 • LKyrgyz Republic 96.3 • LLatvia 96.2 • LSlovenia 96.1 • LCuba 95.9 • LPoland 95.4 • L

Ukraine 95.1 • ••Turkey 95.1 • ••Serbia 94.9 • LBelgium 94.4 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 94.4 • ••Tajikistan 94.2 • LBotswana 94.1 • ••Hungary 93.4 • LKiribati 93.0 • ••Chile 92.4 • LSpain 91.9 • ••San Marino 91.7 • ••Mexico 91.6 • LCroatia 91.6 • LAlbania 91.1 • LUzbekistan 91.0 • LSt. Lucia 90.5 • LIndonesia 90.4 • LKuwait 90.4 • LGreece 90.1 • LGrenada 89.9 • ••Nepal 89.4 • LArmenia 89.2 • ••Azerbaijan 88.5 • pArgentina 88.4 • LNorth Macedonia 88.1 • ••Vietnam 87.6 • LPeru 86.9 • LSlovak Republic 86.7 • ••Romania 86.4 • DLiechtenstein 86.0 • pIndia 85.9 • LPhilippines 85.7 • ••Jamaica 85.6 • pMalaysia 84.8 • 5Mauritius 84.2 • DBolivia 84.1 • pGermany 84.0* • ••Qatar 83.4 • pAntigua and Barbuda 82.8 • ••Moldova 82.1 • pUnited Arab Emirates 81.9 • ••Kenya 81.1 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 81.0 • pTrinidad and Tobago 80.9 • ••Timor-Leste 80.2 • LBhutan 80.0 • LAlgeria 79.1 • pGuyana 78.9 • ••

L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing



*Imputed data point



The percentage of youth, aged between 15-24 years old, who can both read and write a short simple statement on everyday life with understanding.Source: UNESCO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Literacy rate of 15–24 year olds, both sexes (%)

Cambodia 92.2 • ••Morocco 91.2 • ••Zimbabwe 90.4 • ••Zambia 88.7 • ••Gabon 88.5 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 88.2 • ••Bhutan 87.3 • ••Nicaragua 87.0 • ••Eritrea 87.0 • ••Lesotho 86.6 • ••Kenya 86.5 • ••India 86.1 • ••Tanzania 85.8 • ••Ghana 85.7 • ••Rwanda 85.1 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 85.0 • ••Nepal 84.8 • ••Myanmar 84.8 • ••Togo 84.3 • ••Uganda 83.7 • ••Congo, Rep. 80.9 • ••Cameroon 80.6 • ••Burundi 79.6 • ••Timor-Leste 79.5 • ••Angola 77.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. 77.0 • ••Madagascar 76.8 • ••Malawi 72.9 • ••Pakistan 72.8 • ••Haiti 72.3 • ••Comoros 71.6 • ••Mozambique 70.5 • ••Senegal 69.5 • ••Papua New Guinea 67.9 • ••Nigeria 66.4 • ••Sudan 65.8 • ••The Gambia 60.8 • ••Guinea-Bissau 60.4 • ••Sierra Leone 57.0 • ••Mauritania 56.1 • ••Ethiopia 55.0 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 53.0 • ••Benin 52.5 • ••Iraq 52.3 • ••Burkina Faso 50.1 • ••Mali 49.4 • ••Liberia 49.1 • ••Afghanistan 47.0 • ••Guinea 46.3 • ••

Niger 39.8 • ••South Sudan 36.7 • ••Central African Republic 36.4 • ••Chad 30.8 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Australia NA • ••Austria NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Belize NA • ••Canada NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Denmark NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Finland NA • ••France NA • ••Germany NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Ireland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Japan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Netherlands NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Norway NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sweden NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••United States NA • ••

Uzbekistan 100.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 • ••Ukraine 100.0 • ••Estonia 99.9 • ••Azerbaijan 99.9 • ••Singapore 99.9 • ••Barbados 99.9 • ••Tajikistan 99.9 • ••Kazakhstan 99.9 • ••Cuba 99.9 • ••Italy 99.9 • ••Lithuania 99.9 • ••Armenia 99.8 • ••Latvia 99.8 • ••Belarus 99.8 • ••Cyprus 99.8 • ••Slovenia 99.8 • ••Turkmenistan 99.8 • ••Poland 99.8 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 99.8 • ••Croatia 99.7 • ••Serbia 99.7 • ••Russian Federation 99.7 • ••Georgia 99.7 • ••Indonesia 99.7 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.7 • ••China 99.6 • ••Spain 99.6 • ••Turkey 99.6 • ••Libya 99.6 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 99.6 • ••Argentina 99.5 • ••Moldova 99.5 • ••Tonga 99.4 • ••Portugal 99.4 • ••Bolivia 99.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 99.4 • ••Chile 99.4 • ••Maldives 99.3 • ••Kuwait 99.2 • ••Lebanon 99.2 • ••Samoa 99.2 • ••Albania 99.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 99.2 • ••Montenegro 99.2 • ••Grenada 99.2 • ••Costa Rica 99.1 • ••Mexico 99.1 • ••Jordan 99.1 • ••

Peru 99.1 • ••Ecuador 99.1 • ••Romania 99.0 • ••Seychelles 99.0 • ••Brazil 99.0 • ••South Africa 99.0 • ••Uruguay 98.9 • ••Malta 98.9 • ••Sri Lanka 98.9 • ••Dominican Republic 98.8 • ••Greece 98.8 • ••Hungary 98.8 • ••Venezuela, RB 98.8 • ••Colombia 98.7 • ••Palau 98.7 • ••Oman 98.7 • ••North Macedonia 98.6 • ••Mongolia 98.5 • ••Marshall Islands 98.5 • ••Paraguay 98.5 • ••Equatorial Guinea 98.2 • ••Thailand 98.1 • ••Mauritius 98.1 • ••Cabo Verde 98.1 • ••Philippines 98.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 98.1 • ••El Salvador 98.0 • ••Bulgaria 97.9 • ••Botswana 97.7 • ••Suriname 97.7 • ••Panama 97.6 • ••Malaysia 97.6 • ••Vietnam 97.1 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 96.7 • ••Guyana 96.7 • ••Jamaica 96.3 • ••Tunisia 96.2 • ••Honduras 96.1 • ••Qatar 95.5 • ••Vanuatu 95.3 • ••United Arab Emirates 95.0 • ••Namibia 94.4 • ••Guatemala 94.4 • ••Bahrain 94.1 • ••Algeria 93.8 • ••Eswatini 93.5 • ••Bangladesh 93.0 • ••Lao PDR 92.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 92.5 • ••




*Imputed data point


• SDG achievement • Challenges remain • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain •• Data not available L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing L On track D Moderately Increasing 5 Stagnating p Decreasing

Participation rate in organised learning one year before the official primary entry age.Source: OECD ( 2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Enrolment in early childhood learning programme (% ages 4–6)(OECD Member States)

France 100.0 • ••United Kingdom 99.9 • ••Germany 99.8 • ••Belgium 99.7 • ••Poland 99.7 • ••Portugal 99.5 • ••Switzerland 99.4 • ••Mexico 99.4 • ••Netherlands 99.2 • ••Luxembourg 99.0 • ••Austria 99.0 • ••Iceland 98.8 • ••Finland 98.6 • ••Sweden 98.6 • ••Ireland 97.9 • ••Norway 97.8 • ••Denmark 97.8 • ••Italy 97.7 • ••

Chile 97.5 • ••Latvia 97.1 • ••Israel 96.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 96.4 • ••Spain 96.0 • ••Slovenia 94.0 • ••Canada 92.5 • ••New Zealand 91.8 • ••Czech Republic 91.8 • ••Hungary 91.5 • ••Estonia 91.2 • ••United States 91.2 • ••Japan 91.0 • ••Australia 90.6 • ••Greece 88.5 • ••Slovak Republic 81.8 • ••Turkey 65.5 • ••Lithuania NA • ••

Population age 25–34 with tertiary education (%)(OECD Member States)

Korea, Rep. 69.8 • LCanada 60.9 • LJapan 60.4 • LLithuania 55.6 • LIreland 53.5 • LAustralia 52.0 • LUnited Kingdom 51.6 • LLuxembourg 51.4 • LSwitzerland 50.1 • LNorway 48.3 • LIsrael 48.0 • LUnited States 47.8 • LIceland 47.4 • LSweden 47.4 • LNetherlands 46.6 • LDenmark 46.6 • LBelgium 45.7 • LSlovenia 44.6 • L

France 44.3 • LNew Zealand 44.2 • LPoland 43.5 • LEstonia 43.0 • LSpain 42.6 • LGreece 42.5 • LLatvia 41.6 • LFinland 41.3 • LAustria 40.3 • LSlovak Republic 35.1 • LPortugal 34.0 • LCzech Republic 33.8 • LTurkey 31.6 • LGermany 31.3 • DHungary 30.2 • pChile 29.9 • ••Italy 26.8 • DMexico 22.6 • 5

The percentage of the population, aged between 25-34 years old, who have completed tertiary education.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)




*Imputed data point



Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status(OECD Member States)

Iceland 4.9 • ••Estonia 7.8 • ••Norway 8.2 • ••Latvia 8.7 • ••Canada 8.8 • ••Turkey 9.0 • ••Italy 9.6 • ••Finland 10.0 • ••Japan 10.1 • ••Korea, Rep. 10.1 • ••Denmark 10.4 • ••United Kingdom 10.5 • ••Mexico 10.9 • ••Israel 11.2 • ••United States 11.4 • ••Lithuania 11.6 • ••Australia 11.7 • ••Sweden 12.2 • ••

Netherlands 12.5 • ••Greece 12.5 • ••Ireland 12.7 • ••Poland 13.4 • ••Spain 13.4 • ••Slovenia 13.5 • ••New Zealand 13.6 • ••Portugal 14.9 • ••Switzerland 15.6 • ••Germany 15.8 • ••Austria 15.9 • ••Slovak Republic 16.0 • ••Chile 16.9 • ••Czech Republic 18.8 • ••Belgium 19.3 • ••France 20.3 • ••Luxembourg 20.8 • ••Hungary 21.4 • ••

PISA score (0–600)(OECD Member States)

Japan 528.7 • ••Estonia 524.3 • ••Canada 523.7 • ••Finland 522.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 519.0 • ••Ireland 509.3 • ••Slovenia 509.3 • ••Germany 508.0 • ••Netherlands 508.0 • ••Switzerland 506.3 • ••New Zealand 505.7 • ••Denmark 504.3 • ••Norway 504.3 • ••Poland 503.7 • ••Belgium 502.7 • ••Australia 502.3 • ••United Kingdom 499.7 • ••Portugal 497.0 • ••

France 495.7 • ••Sweden 495.7 • ••Austria 492.3 • ••Spain 491.7 • ••Czech Republic 490.7 • ••United States 487.7 • ••Latvia 486.7 • ••Italy 485.3 • ••Luxembourg 483.3 • ••Iceland 481.0 • ••Hungary 474.7 • ••Israel 472.0 • ••Slovak Republic 463.0 • ••Greece 458.7 • ••Chile 443.0 • ••Turkey 424.3 • ••Mexico 415.7 • ••Lithuania NA • ••

National scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an internationally standardised assessment that is administered to 15-year-olds in schools. It assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. Country PISA scores for reading, mathematics and science were averaged to obtain an overall PISA score.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)




*Imputed data point



Percentage of students with a performance in science below PISA Proficiency Level 2 (less than 409.54 score points).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Students performing below level 2 in science (%)(OECD Member States)

Estonia 8.8 • ••Japan 9.6 • ••Canada 11.1 • ••Finland 11.5 • ••Korea, Rep. 14.4 • ••Slovenia 15.0 • ••Ireland 15.3 • ••Denmark 15.9 • ••Poland 16.3 • ••Germany 17.0 • ••Latvia 17.2 • ••Portugal 17.4 • ••United Kingdom 17.4 • ••New Zealand 17.4 • ••Australia 17.6 • ••Spain 18.3 • ••Switzerland 18.5 • ••Netherlands 18.5 • ••

Norway 18.7 • ••Belgium 19.8 • ••United States 20.3 • ••Czech Republic 20.7 • ••Austria 20.8 • ••Sweden 21.6 • ••France 22.1 • ••Italy 23.2 • ••Lithuania 24.7 • ••Iceland 25.3 • ••Luxembourg 25.9 • ••Hungary 26.0 • ••Slovak Republic 30.7 • ••Israel 31.4 • ••Greece 32.7 • ••Chile 34.8 • ••Turkey 44.5 • ••Mexico 47.8 • ••

Percentage of students who are in the bottom quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the country/economy of assessment and perform in the top quarter of students among all countries/economies, after accounting for socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Resilient students (%)(OECD Member States)

Japan 48.8 • ••Estonia 48.3 • ••Finland 42.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 40.4 • ••Spain 39.2 • ••Canada 38.7 • ••Portugal 38.1 • ••United Kingdom 35.4 • ••Latvia 35.2 • ••Slovenia 34.6 • ••Poland 34.6 • ••Germany 33.5 • ••Australia 32.9 • ••United States 31.6 • ••Netherlands 30.7 • ••New Zealand 30.4 • ••Ireland 29.6 • ••Switzerland 29.1 • ••

Denmark 27.5 • ••Belgium 27.2 • ••France 26.6 • ••Italy 26.6 • ••Norway 26.5 • ••Austria 25.9 • ••Czech Republic 24.9 • ••Sweden 24.7 • ••Lithuania 23.1 • ••Turkey 21.8 • ••Luxembourg 20.7 • ••Hungary 19.3 • ••Greece 18.1 • ••Slovak Republic 17.5 • ••Iceland 17.0 • ••Israel 15.7 • ••Chile 14.6 • ••Mexico 12.8 • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of women of reproductive age, either married or in a union, whose demand for family planning has been met using modern methods of contraception.Source: UNDESA (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% women married or in unions aged 15–49)

Bulgaria 63.4* • DKyrgyz Republic 62.1 • DGreece 62.0* • DBahrain 61.6* • 5Croatia 61.5* • DLao PDR 61.3 • DUnited Arab Emirates 60.9* • 5Moldova 60.4 • DJapan 60.1* • pTurkey 59.7 • 5Ethiopia 59.4 • DIraq 59.3 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 58.2 • 5Jordan 58.0 • 5Georgia 57.3* • 5Cambodia 56.4 • DNepal 56.1 • 5Malaysia 54.5* • 5Syrian Arab Republic 53.3 • 5Tanzania 52.9 • DGuyana 52.5 • 5Philippines 51.5 • 5Tajikistan 50.8 • 5Vanuatu 50.7 • 5Mozambique 50.4 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 50.3 • 5Uganda 49.9 • DMadagascar 49.6 • DSomalia 48.3* • DTonga 47.9 • 5Senegal 47.4 • DPakistan 47.0 • DYemen, Rep. 46.9 • DGhana 46.2 • DTimor-Leste 46.1 • 5Mali 46.0 • 5Niger 45.4 • 5Burkina Faso 45.0 • DDjibouti 44.9* • DHaiti 44.0 • 5Bolivia 42.8 • DMaldives 42.7 • DNauru 42.5 • ••Afghanistan 42.1 • 5Mauritius 41.9 • 5Saudi Arabia 41.5* • 5Tuvalu 41.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 40.6 • 5Armenia 40.2 • 5

Cameroon 40.1 • DOman 39.6 • 5Samoa 39.4 • 5Burundi 39.3 • pCongo, Rep. 38.5 • 5Solomon Islands 38.0 • pGuinea-Bissau 37.6 • 5Sierra Leone 37.5 • 5Liberia 37.2 • DKiribati 35.8 • 5Montenegro 34.1 • 5Gabon 33.7 • 5Togo 32.1 • 5Cote d'Ivoire 31.1 • 5Mauritania 30.4 • 5Sudan 30.2 • 5Libya 29.6 • DCentral African Republic 28.7 • 5Comoros 27.8 • 5Nigeria 26.3 • 5Serbia 25.1 • 5Benin 24.5 • 5Angola 24.2 • 5Gambia, The 23.9 • 5North Macedonia 22.3 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 21.9 • 5Azerbaijan 21.5 • 5Guinea 21.5 • 5Equatorial Guinea 20.5 • 5Eritrea 19.6 • 5Chad 17.5 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 15.6 • 5Albania 12.9 • 5South Sudan 5.6 • 5Andorra NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••

China 96.6 • LFrance 95.5 • LUnited Kingdom 93.0* • LBelgium 89.9* • LFinland 89.9* • LNicaragua 89.8 • LUruguay 89.5* • LBrazil 89.3 • LThailand 89.2 • LCosta Rica 89.1 • LCuba 88.4 • LCanada 87.8* • LColombia 86.5 • LSwitzerland 86.4* • LChile 86.3* • LNetherlands 86.3* • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 85.5* • LZimbabwe 85.2 • LNew Zealand 84.7* • LBhutan 84.6 • LSpain 84.5* • LNorway 84.3* • LDominican Republic 84.1 • LDenmark 83.7* • LAustria 83.6* • LUzbekistan 83.5* • LKorea, Rep. 83.4* • LAustralia 83.1* • LGermany 83.0* • LJamaica 82.9 • LThe Bahamas 82.8* • LUnited States 82.8* • LParaguay 82.6 • LCzech Republic 82.2* • LEl Salvador 81.9 • LArgentina 81.4* • LVenezuela, RB 81.4* • L


81.0* • L

Mexico 80.9 • LEcuador 80.7 • LEswatini 80.6 • LMarshall Islands 80.5 • ••Ireland 80.2* • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 80.0 • LSweden 80.0* • LGrenada 79.7* • LKazakhstan 79.6 • DAntigua and Barbuda 79.4* • L

Portugal 79.1* • DSlovenia 78.6* • LEstonia 78.4* • LBotswana 78.2* • LIndonesia 77.9 • pLatvia 77.9* • LSouth Africa 77.9 • 5Kenya 77.6 • LAlgeria 77.2 • LSingapore 76.9* • DLesotho 76.1 • LHonduras 76.0 • LPanama 75.9 • DHungary 75.6* • DTurkmenistan 75.6 • 5Namibia 75.1 • LSlovak Republic 75.1* • LMyanmar 75.0 • LMalta 74.8* • LMorocco 74.8 • LMalawi 74.6 • LBelarus 74.2 • LSri Lanka 74.1 • DCabo Verde 73.2 • LSuriname 73.2 • DTunisia 73.2 • DRomania 73.0* • LRussian Federation 72.9* • DLithuania 72.6* • DBangladesh 72.5 • LSt. Lucia 72.4 • DIndia 72.0 • DIsrael 71.1* • 5Barbados 70.0 • DVietnam 69.7 • 5Qatar 68.9 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 68.6 • LMongolia 68.3 • 5Italy 68.2* • DPoland 68.2* • DUkraine 68.0 • DPeru 66.1 • DBelize 65.9 • 5Rwanda 65.9 • LFiji 65.8* • 5Guatemala 65.6 • DKuwait 64.6* • 5Lebanon 63.8* • 5Zambia 63.8 • L



*Imputed data point



The number of years of schooling that a female child of school entrance age can expect to receive divided by the number of years of schooling a male child can expect to receive, assuming that prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout their lives. The ratio was calculated as: mean years of schooling (female) / mean years of schooling (male).Source: UNESCO (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Ratio of female to male mean years of schooling of population age 25 and above

Austria 93.7 • DVietnam 92.9 • DSerbia 92.2 • DCabo Verde 92.2 • ••El Salvador 91.8 • LChina 91.6 • DSingapore 90.9 • 5Sri Lanka 90.4 • 5North Macedonia 89.9 • 5Peru 89.7 • 5Indonesia 89.3 • 5Montenegro 89.2 • 5Saudi Arabia 88.9 • 5Eswatini 88.4 • 5Algeria 88.4 • LKorea, Rep. 88.4 • 5Zambia 87.8 • DTanzania 87.1 • LBolivia 84.5 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 82.3 • LSyrian Arab Republic 82.1 • pCongo, Rep. 82.1 • DGabon 81.3 • 5Lao PDR 80.7 • DTurkey 80.7 • 5Kenya 80.3 • pGhana 79.7 • DTunisia 79.7 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 78.9 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 78.9 • 5Rwanda 78.7 • DMalawi 78.4 • DBangladesh 77.6 • DSudan 75.6 • DSouth Sudan 75.5 • 5Burundi 73.0 • pPapua New Guinea 71.7 • 5Benin 69.8 • DIraq 69.2 • 5Morocco 69.2 • DNigeria 68.5 • pTimor-Leste 67.9 • 5Cambodia 67.9 • 5The Gambia 67.4 • DComoros 66.1 • 5Uganda 65.3 • 5Haiti 65.2 • DCôte d’Ivoire 64.5 • 5Mauritania 63.6 • 5

Senegal 63.2 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 63.1 • DSierra Leone 62.8 • 5Cameroon 61.8 • 5India 58.5 • 5Pakistan 58.5 • 5Niger 57.7 • DLiberia 57.4 • DMali 56.7 • 5Nepal 56.3 • DEquatorial Guinea 54.8 • 5Mozambique 54.3 • pCentral African Republic 53.6 • 5Togo 50.8 • 5Bhutan 50.0 • 5Burkina Faso 50.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 45.2 • 5Ethiopia 42.1 • 5Guinea 38.5 • 5Chad 35.3 • pAfghanistan 31.7 • 5Angola NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Lesotho 127.3 • LUnited Arab Emirates 122.7 • LKuwait 115.9 • LQatar 113.7 • LOman 113.0 • LLibya 110.0 • LMadagascar 109.8 • LThe Bahamas 109.5 • LNamibia 109.1 • LMongolia 108.2 • LSt. Lucia 108.0 • LDominican Republic 108.0 • LNicaragua 107.8 • LSwitzerland 107.8 • LUruguay 107.1 • LVenezuela, RB 107.0 • LEstonia 106.6 • LLatvia 105.6 • LJamaica 105.3 • LPanama 105.1 • LIreland 105.0 • LColombia 104.9 • LTajikistan 104.9 • LArgentina 104.1 • LBrazil 103.9 • LCosta Rica 103.5 • LPhilippines 103.3 • LJapan 103.2 • LCanada 103.1 • LFinland 102.4 • LDenmark 102.4 • LMyanmar 102.1 • LBarbados 101.9 • LFiji 101.9 • LTrinidad and Tobago 101.9 • LSweden 101.6 • LNew Zealand 101.6 • LHonduras 101.5 • LParaguay 101.2 • LBelize 101.0 • LKyrgyz Republic 100.9 • LTonga 100.9 • LKazakhstan 100.9 • LBulgaria 100.8 • LNorway 100.8 • LAustralia 100.8 • LUnited States 100.8 • LArmenia 100.0 • LGeorgia 100.0 • L

Guyana 100.0 • LIsrael 100.0 • LLithuania 100.0 • LPoland 100.0 • LPortugal 100.0 • LUkraine 100.0 • LSlovenia 99.2 • LRussian Federation 99.2 • LAndorra 99.0 • LBrunei Darussalam 98.9 • LGuatemala 98.5 • LBelarus 98.4 • LCyprus 98.4 • LMoldova 98.3 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 98.0 • LBahrain 97.9 • pEcuador 97.7 • DSlovak Republic 97.6 • 5Belgium 97.5 • LChile 97.1 • 5Malaysia 97.1 • LSpain 97.0 • LMaldives 96.9 • pIceland 96.9 • pBotswana 96.8 • LHungary 96.7 • pSuriname 96.5 • 5Marshall Islands 96.4 • 5Czech Republic 96.2 • 5Italy 96.2 • 5Albania 96.1 • LCuba 95.9 • pMauritius 95.8 • LFrance 95.8 • pCroatia 95.7 • LLebanon 95.5 • pGreece 95.5 • DMexico 95.5 • LJordan 95.3 • LNetherlands 95.2 • 5South Africa 95.2 • 5Uzbekistan 94.9 • 5Thailand 94.9 • 5Malta 94.8 • LUnited Kingdom 94.8 • pAzerbaijan 94.5 • 5Luxembourg 94.4 • DRomania 93.8 • DGermany 93.8 • p



*Imputed data point



Modeled estimate of the proportion of the female population aged 15 years and older that is economically active, divided by the same proportion for men. The ratio was calculated as: labour force participation rate (female) / labour force participation (male).Source: ILO (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Ratio of female to male labour force participation rate

Georgia 73.4 • L


Armenia 72.9 • LCôte d’Ivoire 72.9 • LAlbania 72.7 • LGabon 72.5 • LDjibouti 72.2 • LComoros 71.9 • LJapan 71.8 • LColombia 71.4 • LKorea, Rep. 71.3 • LBrazil 71.2 • LCabo Verde 69.8 • LRomania 69.6 • pTrinidad and Tobago 69.6 • pBolivia 69.2 • pUzbekistan 69.0 • 5Dominican Republic 68.6 • LChile 68.2 • LTurkmenistan 68.1 • 5Italy 68.0 • LParaguay 67.9 • pEcuador 67.8 • LPhilippines 66.3 • DBelize 66.0 • 5Malaysia 65.8 • LSenegal 65.7 • DVenezuela, RB 65.2 • 5Panama 65.0 • LArgentina 64.6 • 5Suriname 64.3 • 5Myanmar 64.2 • 5Malta 63.7 • LEswatini 63.6 • DKyrgyz Republic 63.2 • pNorth Macedonia 63.1 • pMauritius 62.4 • DIndonesia 62.1 • 5Tajikistan 61.8 • pCosta Rica 61.8 • 5Cuba 61.4 • pSamoa 61.1 • 5Qatar 61.1 • DTonga 60.9 • 5Nicaragua 60.3 • DBosnia and Herzegovina 59.9 • pEl Salvador 59.8 • 5Honduras 59.5 • L

Mexico 56.1 • 5Kuwait 56.0 • pGuyana 54.8 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 54.8 • 5Fiji 54.1 • 5Maldives 52.5 • pBahrain 50.8 • 5Guatemala 47.8 • pTimor-Leste 47.4 • 5Sri Lanka 47.3 • 5Mauritania 45.9 • 5Turkey 44.9 • 5United Arab Emirates 44.3 • pBangladesh 41.6 • 5Tunisia 34.3 • pOman 34.3 • pIndia 34.2 • 5Sudan 33.7 • 5Morocco 33.7 • 5Lebanon 32.7 • pLibya 32.6 • pPakistan 30.4 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 30.2 • 5Saudi Arabia 28.0 • 5Iraq 25.5 • 5Somalia 25.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 23.3 • 5Algeria 22.8 • pAfghanistan 22.5 • 5Jordan 22.1 • pSyrian Arab Republic 16.7 • pYemen, Rep. 8.4 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Mozambique 110.3 • LBurundi 103.6 • LRwanda 99.8 • LPapua New Guinea 97.4 • LSierra Leone 97.3 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 97.1 • LNepal 96.4 • LGuinea 96.4 • LLao PDR 96.4 • LSouth Sudan 96.0 • LTogo 95.2 • LGhana 94.4 • LBenin 94.2 • LAngola 94.1 • LLiberia 94.0 • LCongo, Rep. 93.7 • LMadagascar 93.6 • LCambodia 91.3 • LKenya 91.1 • LAzerbaijan 90.7 • LTanzania 90.7 • LSweden 90.4 • LEquatorial Guinea 90.3 • LNorway 90.2 • LNamibia 89.9 • LIceland 89.2 • LUganda 89.0 • LBarbados 89.0 • LFinland 88.7 • LZimbabwe 88.3 • LZambia 88.1 • LEthiopia 88.1 • LDenmark 88.1 • LMalawi 88.1 • LHaiti 88.0 • LCameroon 87.8 • LVietnam 87.8 • LCanada 87.1 • LEritrea 86.4 • LCyprus 86.2 • LIsrael 86.0 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 85.6 • LThe Bahamas 85.5 • LNew Zealand 85.4 • LMoldova 85.3 • LSlovenia 85.1 • LSwitzerland 85.1 • LNigeria 84.7 • LLithuania 84.5 • L

Kazakhstan 84.5 • LFrance 84.4 • LGuinea-Bissau 84.1 • LNetherlands 84.1 • LAustralia 84.1 • LBotswana 83.9 • LPortugal 83.8 • LChad 83.6 • LUnited Kingdom 83.5 • LAustria 83.5 • LGermany 83.4 • LBelarus 82.7 • LLuxembourg 82.6 • LLatvia 82.2 • LSpain 82.1 • LPeru 82.0 • LBelgium 81.8 • LUnited States 81.6 • LSt. Lucia 80.9 • LChina 80.5 • LEstonia 80.4 • LBulgaria 80.3 • LMongolia 79.6 • LLesotho 79.4 • LBrunei Darussalam 79.2 • LCentral African Republic 79.1 • LCroatia 79.1 • LIreland 79.0 • LRussian Federation 78.9 • LSingapore 78.8 • LBhutan 78.7 • LThailand 78.2 • LSolomon Islands 77.7 • LSlovak Republic 77.6 • LSouth Africa 77.3 • LVanuatu 77.2 • LBurkina Faso 77.2 • LMontenegro 76.7 • LCzech Republic 76.3 • LThe Gambia 75.8 • LUruguay 75.5 • LGreece 75.2 • LHungary 75.0 • LPoland 74.9 • LNiger 74.4 • LSerbia 74.4 • LUkraine 74.3 • LJamaica 74.2 • LMali 73.8 • L



*Imputed data point



The number of seats held by women in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament.Source: IPU (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

Cambodia 20.0 • pEquatorial Guinea 20.0 • pSlovak Republic 20.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 19.9 • 5Indonesia 19.8 • 5United States 19.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 19.2 • 5Madagascar 19.2 • pTajikistan 19.0 • 5Greece 18.7 • pCroatia 18.5 • 5Panama 18.3 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 18.2 • 5Armenia 18.1 • DColombia 18.1 • pZambia 18.0 • DCyprus 17.9 • DTogo 17.6 • 5Jamaica 17.5 • DTurkey 17.4 • 5Gabon 17.1 • 5Mongolia 17.1 • 5Korea, Rep. 17.0 • 5Niger 17.0 • 5Azerbaijan 16.8 • pMalawi 16.7 • 5St. Lucia 16.7 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 16.3 • 5Fiji 16.0 • 5Georgia 16.0 • 5Latvia 16.0 • pLibya 16.0 • 5Uzbekistan 16.0 • 5Russian Federation 15.8 • 5Jordan 15.4 • 5Chad 15.3 • 5Paraguay 15.0 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 14.9 • 5Malaysia 13.9 • 5Guinea-Bissau 13.7 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 13.3 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 13.2 • 5


13.0 • 5

The Bahamas 12.8 • pGhana 12.7 • 5Guatemala 12.7 • pHungary 12.6 • 5Palau 12.5 • D

Liberia 12.3 • 5Sierra Leone 12.3 • pUkraine 12.3 • 5Liechtenstein 12.0 • pMalta 11.9 • pIndia 11.8 • pMauritius 11.6 • 5Congo, Rep. 11.3 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 11.1 • 5Burkina Faso 11.0 • 5Brazil 10.7 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 10.6 • 5Nauru 10.5 • 5The Gambia 10.3 • 5Myanmar 10.2 • pJapan 10.1 • 5Samoa 10.0 • 5Qatar 9.8 • DBotswana 9.5 • 5Belize 9.4 • DBrunei Darussalam 9.1 • 5Marshall Islands 9.1 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 8.9 • 5Mali 8.8 • 5Central African Republic 8.6 • 5Bhutan 8.5 • 5Bahrain 7.5 • 5Tonga 7.4 • DBenin 7.2 • 5Eswatini 7.2 • 5Tuvalu 6.7 • 5Kiribati 6.5 • pComoros 6.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 5.9 • 5Maldives 5.9 • 5Sri Lanka 5.8 • 5Nigeria 5.6 • 5Thailand 5.3 • pLebanon 4.7 • 5Solomon Islands 4.0 • 5Kuwait 3.1 • 5Haiti 2.5 • pOman 1.2 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.0 • pVanuatu 0.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • 5

Rwanda 61.3 • LCuba 53.2 • LBolivia 53.1 • LMexico 48.2 • LGrenada 46.7 • LNamibia 46.2 • LSweden 46.1 • LNicaragua 45.7 • LCosta Rica 45.6 • LSouth Africa 42.3 • LFinland 42.0 • LSenegal 41.8 • LNorway 41.4 • LFrance 39.6 • LMozambique 39.6 • 5Spain 39.1 • pArgentina 38.9 • LEthiopia 38.8 • 5New Zealand 38.3 • LNorth Macedonia 38.3 • LIceland 38.1 • pBelgium 38.0 • pEcuador 38.0 • pDenmark 37.4 • 5Tanzania 37.2 • DBurundi 36.4 • 5Netherlands 36.0 • pItaly 35.7 • LPortugal 34.8 • 5Belarus 34.5 • LAustria 34.4 • LSerbia 34.4 • 5Uganda 34.3 • pTimor-Leste 33.8 • pMonaco 33.3 • LNepal 32.7 • DSwitzerland 32.5 • 5United Kingdom 32.2 • DAndorra 32.1 • pGuyana 31.9 • 5Zimbabwe 31.5 • 5Tunisia 31.3 • 5Cameroon 31.1 • 5El Salvador 31.0 • pTrinidad and Tobago 31.0 • 5Germany 30.7 • pAngola 30.5 • pSudan 30.5 • 5Philippines 29.5 • D

Australia 28.7 • 5South Sudan 28.5 • 5Luxembourg 28.3 • 5Poland 28.0 • 5Albania 27.9 • LAfghanistan 27.7 • 5Peru 27.7 • DIsrael 27.5 • 5Lao PDR 27.5 • ••Kazakhstan 27.1 • 5Canada 27.0 • 5Dominican Republic 26.8 • DEstonia 26.7 • DSan Marino 26.7 • LVietnam 26.7 • 5Djibouti 26.2 • LAlgeria 25.8 • pIraq 25.5 • pSuriname 25.5 • 5Dominica 25.0 • DChina 24.9 • 5Turkmenistan 24.8 • pSlovenia 24.4 • pSomalia 24.4 • LBulgaria 23.8 • DCabo Verde 23.6 • 5Montenegro 23.5 • DSingapore 23.0 • pMoldova 22.8 • 5Chile 22.6 • DUnited Arab Emirates 22.5 • 5Ireland 22.2 • DVenezuela, RB 22.2 • DLesotho 22.1 • pCzech Republic 22.0 • 5Eritrea 22.0 • 5Guinea 21.9 • 5Kenya 21.8 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 21.4 • 5Lithuania 21.3 • pSeychelles 21.2 • pHonduras 21.1 • pRomania 20.7 • DPakistan 20.6 • 5Morocco 20.5 • 5Bangladesh 20.3 • 5Mauritania 20.3 • pUruguay 20.2 • DBarbados 20.0 • 5





*Imputed data point



The difference between male and female median wages of full-time employees and those self-employed, divided by the male median wage.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Gender wage gap (% male median wage)(OECD Member States)

Luxembourg 3.4 • ••Belgium 3.7 • LGreece 4.5 • LSlovenia 5.0 • ••Italy 5.6 • LDenmark 5.7 • LTurkey 6.9 • ••Norway 7.1 • ••New Zealand 7.2 • LHungary 9.4 • LPoland 9.4 • LFrance 9.9 • ••Iceland 9.9 • ••Ireland 10.6 • pMexico 11.1 • LSpain 11.5 • ••Lithuania 12.5 • ••Sweden 13.4 • ••

Netherlands 14.1 • ••Australia 14.3 • pPortugal 14.3 • DSwitzerland 14.8 • LSlovak Republic 15.0 • 5Germany 15.5 • 5Czech Republic 15.6 • pAustria 15.7 • DFinland 16.5 • DUnited Kingdom 16.5 • 5Canada 18.2 • 5United States 18.2 • 5Chile 21.1 • ••Latvia 21.1 • ••Israel 21.6 • pJapan 24.5 • 5Estonia 28.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 34.6 • 5

The difference in time spent in unpaid work between men and women in minutes per day. Unpaid work includes childcare, meal preparation, cleaning etc.Source: OECD (2019)

Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Gender gap in minutes spent per day doing unpaid work (minutes)(OECD Member States)

Sweden 52.5 • ••Denmark 56.7 • ••Norway 58.9 • ••Canada 75.6 • ••Finland 78.3 • ••Belgium 83.2 • ••Estonia 89.0 • ••France 89.1 • ••Germany 91.9 • ••United States 93.0 • ••United Kingdom 108.5 • ••Slovenia 119.7 • ••Netherlands 121.4 • ••New Zealand 123.0 • ••Latvia 123.6 • ••Poland 127.3 • ••Austria 133.9 • ••Australia 139.4 • ••

Hungary 141.0 • ••Spain 143.2 • ••Greece 157.0 • ••Ireland 166.9 • ••Italy 175.6 • ••Korea, Rep. 182.3 • ••Japan 183.5 • ••Turkey 223.5 • ••Portugal 231.9 • ••Mexico 246.6 • ••Chile NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Lithuania NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the population using at least a basic service; that is, drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing. Source: JMP (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using at least basic drinking water services (%)(Excludes high-income and OECD countries)

Iran, Islamic Rep. 94.9 • 5Suriname 94.7 • DDominican Republic 94.5 • DTurkmenistan 94.5 • LTunisia 94.2 • LFiji 93.7 • 5Guatemala 93.6 • LAlgeria 93.5 • DGeorgia 93.3 • DEl Salvador 93.0 • LJamaica 92.9 • 5Bolivia 92.9 • LEcuador 92.6 • LSri Lanka 92.3 • LLebanon 92.3 • DHonduras 92.2 • LUzbekistan 91.5 • ••Albania 91.4 • LVietnam 91.2 • LSerbia 91.2 • 5Kazakhstan 91.1 • DOman 90.9 • LVanuatu 90.5 • LPhilippines 90.5 • DPeru 89.9 • DIndonesia 89.5 • LPakistan 88.5 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 88.4 • pNepal 87.7 • DIndia 87.6 • DGabon 87.5 • DKyrgyz Republic 87.3 • DMoldova 86.7 • 5Cabo Verde 86.5 • DIraq 86.1 • DSouth Africa 84.7 • DAzerbaijan 84.4 • DComoros 83.7 • pMongolia 83.2 • DMorocco 83.0 • DNicaragua 82.3 • 5Lao PDR 80.4 • LThe Gambia 80.1 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 79.7 • DBotswana 79.2 • 5Namibia 78.8 • 5Marshall Islands 78.2 • pGhana 77.8 • DDjibouti 76.9 • 5

Senegal 75.2 • DCambodia 75.0 • DMali 74.3 • DTajikistan 74.1 • DCôte d’Ivoire 73.1 • 5Lesotho 71.6 • 5Yemen, Rep. 70.4 • DTimor-Leste 70.2 • DLiberia 69.9 • 5Mauritania 69.6 • 5Guinea-Bissau 69.2 • DCongo, Rep. 68.3 • 5Eswatini 67.6 • DMyanmar 67.5 • 5Guinea 67.4 • 5Nigeria 67.3 • DMalawi 67.2 • 5Benin 67.0 • 5Zimbabwe 66.6 • pCameroon 65.3 • 5Kiribati 64.4 • 5Haiti 64.2 • 5Solomon Islands 64.0 • pAfghanistan 63.0 • DTogo 62.8 • 5Zambia 61.2 • 5Sudan 58.9 • DKenya 58.5 • 5Sierra Leone 58.1 • 5Rwanda 56.7 • 5Burundi 55.9 • 5Central African Republic 54.1 • 5Burkina Faso 53.9 • 5Madagascar 50.6 • 5South Sudan 50.4 • DTanzania 50.1 • 5Equatorial Guinea 49.6 • 5Mozambique 47.3 • 5Niger 45.8 • 5Chad 42.5 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 41.8 • 5Angola 41.0 • 5Somalia 40.0 • 5Ethiopia 39.1 • 5Uganda 38.9 • 5Papua New Guinea 36.6 • pEritrea 19.3 • 5

Andorra 100.0 • LAustria 100.0 • ••Bahrain 100.0 • LBelgium 100.0 • ••Chile 100.0 • ••Cyprus 100.0 • LDenmark 100.0 • ••Finland 100.0 • ••France 100.0 • ••Germany 100.0 • ••Greece 100.0 • ••Iceland 100.0 • ••Israel 100.0 • ••Italy 100.0 • ••Kuwait 100.0 • LLiechtenstein 100.0 • LMalta 100.0 • LMonaco 100.0 • LNauru 100.0 • LNetherlands 100.0 • ••New Zealand 100.0 • ••Norway 100.0 • ••Qatar 100.0 • LRomania 100.0 • LSan Marino 100.0 • LSingapore 100.0 • LSweden 100.0 • ••Switzerland 100.0 • ••United Kingdom 100.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 100.0 • LHungary 100.0 • ••Australia 100.0 • ••Luxembourg 100.0 • ••Spain 99.9 • ••Tonga 99.9 • LPortugal 99.9 • ••Czech Republic 99.9 • ••Mauritius 99.9 • LCosta Rica 99.7 • LUnited Arab Emirates 99.6 • LArgentina 99.6 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 99.6 • LEstonia 99.6 • ••Korea, Rep. 99.6 • ••Croatia 99.6 • LPalau 99.6 • LSlovenia 99.5 • ••Brunei Darussalam 99.5 • LTuvalu 99.3 • L

Bulgaria 99.3 • LUruguay 99.2 • LUnited States 99.2 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 99.0 • ••Japan 98.9 • ••Armenia 98.9 • LIreland 98.9 • ••Canada 98.9 • ••Turkey 98.9 • ••Paraguay 98.9 • LLatvia 98.6 • ••Jordan 98.6 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 98.4 • LMexico 98.3 • ••Thailand 98.2 • LSt. Lucia 98.2 • LBarbados 98.1 • LBelarus 98.0 • LSlovak Republic 97.9 • ••Poland 97.9 • ••Maldives 97.9 • pThe Bahamas 97.8 • 5Ukraine 97.7 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 97.7 • LMontenegro 97.6 • LBhutan 97.6 • LBrazil 97.5 • LVenezuela, RB 97.4 • LLithuania 97.4 • ••Bangladesh 97.3 • LBelize 97.1 • LTrinidad and Tobago 96.9 • LNorth Macedonia 96.8 • 5Libya 96.8 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 96.7 • DAntigua and Barbuda 96.7 • 5Colombia 96.5 • LDominica 96.5 • DMalaysia 96.4 • 5Russian Federation 96.4 • DSeychelles 96.3 • DChina 95.8 • LGrenada 95.6 • 5Samoa 95.5 • DCuba 95.2 • D

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 95.1 • D

Guyana 95.1 • LPanama 95.0 • L



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the population using an at least basic sanitation service, that is, an improved sanitation facility that is not shared with other households. Source: JMP (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)(Excludes high-income and OECD countries)


Belize 87.2 • DMarshall Islands 86.9 • 5Guyana 86.2 • DBrazil 86.1 • LEcuador 86.1 • LBulgaria 86.0 • 5Iraq 85.7 • DJamaica 85.4 • 5Georgia 84.9 • pColombia 84.4 • DMorocco 83.5 • DDominican Republic 82.7 • 5Romania 81.8 • 5Honduras 79.8 • DSuriname 79.2 • pMoldova 78.4 • 5Grenada 78.3 • pVietnam 78.2 • LDominica 77.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 77.1 • 5Panama 76.9 • DPeru 76.8 • DNicaragua 76.3 • DChina 75.0 • DPhilippines 75.0 • 5Equatorial Guinea 74.5 • pSouth Africa 73.1 • DLao PDR 72.6 • LIndonesia 67.9 • DGuatemala 67.4 • 5Nauru 65.6 • pCabo Verde 65.2 • DMyanmar 64.7 • pBhutan 62.9 • 5Rwanda 62.3 • 5Botswana 60.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 59.7 • DMongolia 59.2 • 5Pakistan 58.3 • DEswatini 58.0 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 56.3 • 5Vanuatu 53.5 • 5Bolivia 52.6 • 5Djibouti 51.4 • 5Burundi 50.5 • 5Cambodia 48.8 • DSenegal 48.4 • 5

Bangladesh 46.9 • 5Nepal 46.1 • DMauritania 44.6 • 5India 44.2 • 5Timor-Leste 44.0 • 5Lesotho 43.8 • DMalawi 43.5 • 5The Gambia 41.7 • pGabon 40.9 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 40.1 • 5Kiribati 39.8 • 5Angola 39.4 • 5Afghanistan 39.2 • 5Cameroon 38.8 • pZimbabwe 38.6 • pSudan 34.6 • 5Comoros 34.2 • 5Namibia 33.8 • 5Nigeria 32.6 • pMali 31.3 • 5Solomon Islands 31.3 • 5Zambia 31.1 • 5Haiti 30.5 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 29.9 • 5Kenya 29.8 • pCentral African Republic 25.1 • 5Mozambique 23.6 • 5Tanzania 23.5 • 5Burkina Faso 22.5 • 5Guinea 22.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 21.5 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 19.7 • pUganda 19.2 • 5Papua New Guinea 18.6 • pLiberia 16.9 • 5Somalia 16.2 • pCongo, Rep. 15.0 • 5Sierra Leone 14.5 • 5Ghana 14.3 • 5Togo 13.9 • 5Benin 13.9 • 5Niger 12.9 • 5Eritrea 11.3 • 5South Sudan 10.4 • 5Madagascar 9.7 • 5Chad 9.5 • pEthiopia 7.1 • 5

Andorra 100.0 • LAustralia 100.0 • ••Bahrain 100.0 • LIsrael 100.0 • ••Japan 100.0 • ••Kuwait 100.0 • LMonaco 100.0 • LNew Zealand 100.0 • ••Palau 100.0 • LQatar 100.0 • LSan Marino 100.0 • LSaudi Arabia 100.0 • LSeychelles 100.0 • LSingapore 100.0 • LUzbekistan 100.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 100.0 • LAustria 100.0 • ••United States 100.0 • ••Malta 100.0 • LLiechtenstein 100.0 • LSpain 99.9 • ••Switzerland 99.9 • ••Chile 99.9 • ••Korea, Rep. 99.9 • ••Libya 99.7 • LEstonia 99.6 • ••Denmark 99.6 • ••Malaysia 99.6 • LBelgium 99.5 • ••Finland 99.4 • ••Portugal 99.4 • ••Cyprus 99.4 • LOman 99.3 • LSweden 99.3 • ••Italy 99.3 • ••Germany 99.2 • ••Czech Republic 99.1 • ••United Kingdom 99.1 • ••Slovenia 99.1 • ••Greece 99.0 • ••Slovak Republic 98.9 • ••Iceland 98.8 • ••France 98.7 • ••Canada 98.5 • ••Poland 98.1 • ••Norway 98.1 • ••Hungary 98.0 • ••Kazakhstan 97.8 • LNetherlands 97.7 • ••

Albania 97.7 • LLuxembourg 97.6 • ••Croatia 97.5 • LCosta Rica 97.1 • LJordan 96.7 • LSamoa 96.6 • LKyrgyz Republic 96.6 • LTurkmenistan 96.6 • LBarbados 96.5 • LTurkey 96.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 96.3 • LUkraine 95.9 • LMontenegro 95.9 • LMaldives 95.9 • LFiji 95.7 • LUruguay 95.7 • LTajikistan 95.5 • LLebanon 95.4 • LThailand 95.0 • LVenezuela, RB 94.9 • LArgentina 94.8 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 94.8 • 5Serbia 94.6 • pBelarus 94.3 • 5Sri Lanka 94.2 • LLithuania 93.6 • ••Tonga 93.5 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 93.2 • 5Mauritius 93.1 • DTunisia 93.1 • LSyrian Arab Republic 92.9 • 5Latvia 92.9 • ••Ireland 92.2 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 92.1 • 5The Bahamas 92.0 • DSt. Kitts and Nevis 91.6 • ••Armenia 91.6 • 5Tuvalu 91.4 • DParaguay 91.2 • LEl Salvador 91.1 • LNorth Macedonia 90.9 • 5St. Lucia 90.9 • LCuba 90.8 • 5Azerbaijan 89.3 • LMexico 89.2 • ••Russian Federation 88.8 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 88.3 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 87.5 • 5Algeria 87.5 • 5


Indicator Value Rating

*Imputed data point



Total renewable freshwater withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins, divided by the total available renewable water resource. Withdrawals include both surface water withdrawal and groundwater withdrawal.Source: FAO (2019) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)

Freshwater withdrawal (% of total renewable water resources)

Eritrea 10.1 •Finland 10.5 •Malawi 11.1 •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 11.2 •Jamaica 11.3 •El Salvador 11.4 •Ethiopia 11.6 •Trinidad and Tobago 12.3 •Vietnam 12.8 •North Macedonia 13.2 •Moldova 13.2 •Ukraine 13.9 •Timor-Leste 14.3 •St. Lucia 14.3 •Kenya 14.3 •Haiti 15.6 •Maldives 15.7 •Mauritania 15.9 •Korea, Dem. Rep. 15.9 •Portugal 17.1 •Thailand 17.5 •Greece 19.7 •Denmark 20.7 •Netherlands 21.1 •Estonia 22.5 •United States 22.6 •France 22.8 •Czech Republic 24.0 •Zimbabwe 24.3 •Philippines 25.1 •Cuba 25.6 •Mexico 25.9 •Mauritius 26.4 •Turkey 27.5 •Kazakhstan 28.1 •Japan 28.5 •China 29.4 •Somalia 30.3 •Singapore 31.7 •Eswatini 32.4 •Lebanon 33.3 •Sri Lanka 34.1 •Cyprus 37.6 •Poland 37.8 •Germany 41.5 •Bulgaria 41.9 •South Africa 42.9 •Afghanistan 43.7 •

Dominican Republic 43.7 •Kyrgyz Republic 44.0 •Malta 44.4 •India 44.5 •Italy 44.8 •Morocco 49.0 •Spain 49.7 •St. Kitts and Nevis 51.3 •Azerbaijan 53.1 •Belgium 56.5 •Korea, Rep. 57.6 •Armenia 66.0 •Tajikistan 71.4 •Barbados 87.5 •Algeria 88.0 •Iran, Islamic Rep. 90.0 •Iraq 93.1 •Sudan 93.7 •Tunisia 94.0 •Pakistan 102.5 •Oman 106.2 •Syrian Arab Republic 109.4 •Israel 110.5 •Uzbekistan 138.8 •Jordan 150.9 •Egypt, Arab Rep. 159.9 •Turkmenistan 162.8 •Bahrain 205.8 •Yemen, Rep. 227.7 •Qatar 472.5 •Libya 1,072.0 •Saudi Arabia 1,242.6 •United Arab Emirates 2,346.5 •Kuwait 2,603.5 •Kiribati NA •Liechtenstein NA •Marshall Islands NA •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA •Monaco NA •Montenegro NA •Nauru NA •Palau NA •Samoa NA •San Marino NA •Seychelles NA •Tonga NA •Tuvalu NA •

Andorra 0.0 •The Bahamas 0.0 •Solomon Islands 0.0 •Vanuatu 0.0 •Congo, Rep. 0.0 •Central African Republic 0.1 •Liberia 0.1 •Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.1 •Papua New Guinea 0.1 •Equatorial Guinea 0.1 •Gabon 0.1 •Sierra Leone 0.2 •Iceland 0.2 •Guinea 0.3 •Fiji 0.5 •São Tomé and Príncipe 0.5 •Cameroon 0.5 •Bolivia 0.5 •Bhutan 0.6 •Cambodia 0.6 •Angola 0.7 •Belize 0.7 •Benin 0.7 •Guinea-Bissau 0.7 •Colombia 0.9 •Guyana 0.9 •Mozambique 0.9 •Namibia 0.9 •Paraguay 0.9 •Suriname 1.0 •Croatia 1.0 •Panama 1.1 •Latvia 1.1 •Norway 1.2 •Peru 1.2 •Comoros 1.2 •Brazil 1.3 •South Sudan 1.3 •Uganda 1.3 •Nicaragua 1.4 •Lao PDR 1.4 •Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.4 •Rwanda 1.4 •The Gambia 1.5 •Togo 1.8 •Brunei Darussalam 1.9 •Slovak Republic 1.9 •Russian Federation 2.0 •Botswana 2.1 •

Lesotho 2.1 •Zambia 2.1 •Canada 2.2 •Ireland 2.4 •Mongolia 2.4 •Chad 2.4 •Luxembourg 2.5 •Honduras 2.5 •Venezuela, RB 2.6 •Côte d’Ivoire 2.7 •New Zealand 2.8 •Ghana 2.8 •Sweden 2.9 •Costa Rica 3.1 •Burundi 3.1 •Malaysia 3.4 •Uruguay 3.5 •Myanmar 3.7 •Ecuador 3.7 •Niger 3.8 •Guatemala 3.8 •Bangladesh 3.8 •Lithuania 4.0 •Serbia 4.3 •Belarus 4.5 •Georgia 4.6 •Australia 4.6 •Romania 5.1 •Chile 5.5 •Madagascar 5.8 •Mali 5.8 •Nigeria 5.8 •Nepal 5.9 •Slovenia 6.1 •Albania 6.5 •Argentina 6.6 •Grenada 7.1 •Senegal 7.2 •Switzerland 7.4 •Tanzania 7.5 •Austria 7.6 •Djibouti 7.9 •Hungary 8.2 •Antigua and Barbuda 8.5 •Cabo Verde 9.0 •Indonesia 9.2 •Burkina Faso 9.5 •United Kingdom 9.7 •Dominica 10.0 •



*Imputed data point



Imports of groundwater depletion embedded in international crop trade. Estimates are based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. This indicator was calculated by aggregating bilateral import data into an overall country score, and expressed per capita.Source: Dalin et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available)

Imported groundwater depletion (m3/year/capita)

Latvia 6.9 • ••Tunisia 7.0 • ••New Zealand 7.1 • ••Benin 7.1 • ••Burkina Faso 7.1 • ••Bulgaria 7.2 • ••Jamaica 7.3 • ••Armenia 7.4 • ••Algeria 7.5 • ••Austria 7.5 • ••Liberia 7.6 • ••Italy 7.8 • ••Sweden 8.0 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 8.0 • ••Greece 8.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 8.1 • ••Botswana 8.2 • ••St. Lucia 8.2 • ••Switzerland 8.4 • ••Belize 8.4 • ••El Salvador 8.5 • ••Mexico 8.6 • ••Panama 8.7 • ••Slovenia 9.1 • ••Iceland 9.4 • ••United Kingdom 9.4 • ••Mozambique 9.7 • ••Libya 9.7 • ••Denmark 9.9 • ••Costa Rica 10.0 • ••Netherlands 10.1 • ••Israel 10.2 • ••Madagascar 10.3 • ••Ireland 10.3 • ••Kiribati 10.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 10.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 11.1 • ••Sri Lanka 11.6 • ••Grenada 12.3 • ••Norway 13.0 • ••Malta 13.4 • ••Malaysia 13.5 • ••Kenya 13.7 • ••Singapore 14.3 • ••Cyprus 14.9 • ••Belgium 15.7 • ••Bhutan 15.7 • ••Afghanistan 16.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. 16.5 • ••

Jordan 16.6 • ••Lebanon 17.3 • ••Sierra Leone 17.5 • ••Guinea 18.0 • ••The Bahamas 18.2 • ••Iraq 18.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 18.8 • ••Luxembourg 19.2 • ••Barbados 20.0 • ••Canada 20.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 22.6 • ••The Gambia 26.6 • ••Saudi Arabia 27.1 • ••Somalia 32.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 40.7 • ••Mauritius 42.4 • ••Kuwait 42.6 • ••Maldives 48.1 • ••Seychelles 63.7 • ••Djibouti 77.7 • ••Oman 97.7 • ••Bahrain 112.0 • ••Qatar 148.2 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo, Rep. NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Chad 0.1 • ••Myanmar 0.1 • ••Lesotho 0.1 • ••India 0.2 • ••Eswatini 0.2 • ••Cambodia 0.2 • ••Argentina 0.2 • ••Burundi 0.2 • ••Uzbekistan 0.2 • ••Malawi 0.3 • ••Zambia 0.3 • ••Lao PDR 0.3 • ••Central African Republic 0.4 • ••Bolivia 0.5 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.5 • ••Mali 0.5 • ••Brazil 0.5 • ••Tanzania 0.7 • ••Sudan 0.7 • ••Paraguay 0.8 • ••Uruguay 1.1 • ••Timor-Leste 1.2 • ••Eritrea 1.2 • ••Namibia 1.2 • ••Ethiopia 1.3 • ••Tajikistan 1.3 • ••Mongolia 1.4 • ••Pakistan 1.4 • ••Indonesia 1.5 • ••Serbia 1.6 • ••China 1.6 • ••Nigeria 1.6 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 1.7 • ••Ukraine 1.9 • ••Moldova 1.9 • ••Chile 2.0 • ••Equatorial Guinea 2.1 • ••Angola 2.1 • ••Colombia 2.2 • ••Ecuador 2.3 • ••Poland 2.3 • ••Rwanda 2.3 • ••Ghana 2.3 • ••Nepal 2.4 • ••Gabon 2.4 • ••Uganda 2.4 • ••Fiji 2.4 • ••Cuba 2.7 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 2.8 • ••

Kazakhstan 2.8 • ••Thailand 2.9 • ••Philippines 2.9 • ••Morocco 3.0 • ••Hungary 3.2 • ••Vietnam 3.2 • ••Peru 3.3 • ••South Africa 3.3 • ••Venezuela, RB 3.4 • ••Togo 3.9 • ••North Macedonia 4.0 • ••Russian Federation 4.0 • ••Belarus 4.0 • ••Bangladesh 4.1 • ••Australia 4.4 • ••Nicaragua 4.4 • ••Guyana 4.4 • ••Estonia 4.7 • ••Zimbabwe 4.8 • ••Niger 4.9 • ••Suriname 5.0 • ••Cameroon 5.1 • ••Brunei Darussalam 5.3 • ••Georgia 5.3 • ••Montenegro 5.3 • ••Finland 5.3 • ••Cabo Verde 5.5 • ••United States 5.5 • ••Mauritania 5.5 • ••Azerbaijan 5.5 • ••Romania 5.5 • ••Senegal 5.6 • ••Slovak Republic 5.6 • ••Croatia 5.6 • ••France 5.9 • ••Czech Republic 5.9 • ••Albania 6.0 • ••Haiti 6.1 • ••Spain 6.2 • ••Honduras 6.3 • ••Dominican Republic 6.4 • ••Lithuania 6.4 • ••Guatemala 6.4 • ••Turkey 6.5 • ••Samoa 6.6 • ••Portugal 6.7 • ••Japan 6.7 • ••Germany 6.7 • ••Turkmenistan 6.8 • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of collected, generated, or produced wastewater that is treated, normalized by the population connected to centralized wastewater treatment facilities. Scores were calculated by multiplying the wastewater treatment summary values, based on decadal averages, with the sewerage connection values to arrive at an overall total percentage of wastewater treated.Source: EPI (2018)

Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%)

Belize 2.3 • ••Tajikistan 2.3 • ••Uruguay 2.3 • ••India 2.2 • ••Honduras 1.8 • ••Tanzania 1.4 • ••Ghana 1.4 • ••Equatorial Guinea 1.3 • ••North Macedonia 1.2 • ••Guinea 1.1 • ••El Salvador 1.0 • ••Botswana 1.0 • ••Paraguay 0.7 • ••Mozambique 0.7 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.6 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Kenya 0.5 • ••Uganda 0.4 • ••Lesotho 0.3 • ••Timor-Leste 0.3 • ••Dominica 0.3 • ••Vietnam 0.2 • ••Congo, Rep. 0.2 • ••Nigeria 0.2 • ••Pakistan 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Benin 0.0 • ••Suriname 0.0 • ••Afghanistan 0.0 • ••Angola 0.0 • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • ••Bhutan 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Burkina Faso 0.0 • ••Burundi 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Cameroon 0.0 • ••Central African Republic 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Ecuador 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.0 • ••Gabon 0.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • ••Guyana 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••

Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • ••Malawi 0.0 • ••Mali 0.0 • ••Marshall Islands 0.0 • ••Mauritania 0.0 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Nepal 0.0 • ••Nicaragua 0.0 • ••Niger 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Rwanda 0.0 • ••Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0 • ••Sri Lanka 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Togo 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0 • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Comoros NA • ••The Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Malta 100.0 • ••Monaco 100.0 • ••Singapore 100.0 • ••Netherlands 99.1 • ••United Kingdom 98.3 • ••Andorra 98.0 • ••Luxembourg 97.8 • ••Spain 97.4 • ••Switzerland 97.0 • ••Germany 96.8 • ••Israel 95.4 • ••Australia 95.0 • ••Austria 91.9 • ••Chile 87.5 • ••Sweden 87.0 • ••Denmark 86.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 84.8 • ••Belgium 83.8 • ••Greece 81.1 • ••Belarus 79.7 • ••Italy 79.6 • ••Finland 75.9 • ••Kuwait 75.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 75.0 • ••Bahrain 72.7 • ••Russian Federation 72.7 • ••Estonia 71.9 • ••Canada 71.4 • ••Latvia 71.1 • ••New Zealand 70.2 • ••Qatar 70.0 • ••Norway 69.9 • ••Czech Republic 67.8 • ••France 66.4 • ••Iceland 60.1 • ••Japan 57.8 • ••Bulgaria 57.2 • ••Portugal 56.6 • ••Lithuania 54.9 • ••Hungary 54.6 • ••United States 50.4 • ••Poland 49.4 • ••Turkey 48.8 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 48.0 • ••Algeria 46.1 • ••Mexico 45.6 • ••Ireland 44.4 • ••Dominican Republic 40.4 • ••Slovak Republic 39.6 • ••

Slovenia 34.7 • ••Peru 34.6 • ••Tunisia 33.6 • ••South Africa 32.5 • ••Saudi Arabia 32.5 • ••Croatia 29.0 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 28.4 • ••Morocco 26.0 • ••Armenia 24.0 • ••Romania 22.8 • ••Moldova 21.0 • ••Malaysia 19.6 • ••Cabo Verde 19.4 • ••Jordan 18.6 • ••Montenegro 18.5 • ••Georgia 18.2 • ••Brazil 17.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 17.0 • ••Albania 16.9 • ••China 16.1 • ••Kazakhstan 15.6 • ••Cyprus 14.9 • ••Ukraine 14.1 • ••Panama 13.3 • ••Colombia 12.2 • ••Thailand 12.1 • ••Jamaica 12.0 • ••Azerbaijan 11.0 • ••Zimbabwe 10.4 • ••Turkmenistan 9.8 • ••Libya 9.6 • ••Mauritius 8.4 • ••Guatemala 8.0 • ••Cuba 8.0 • ••Argentina 7.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 6.8 • ••Iraq 6.4 • ••Namibia 6.3 • ••Oman 5.4 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 4.2 • ••Zambia 4.2 • ••Fiji 3.9 • ••Costa Rica 3.9 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 3.7 • ••Eswatini 3.7 • ••Bolivia 3.5 • ••Mongolia 3.3 • ••Serbia 2.6 • ••Philippines 2.6 • ••





*Imputed data point



The percentage of the population using a safely managed drinking water service. A safely managed drinking water service is one where people use an “improved” source meeting three criteria: it is accessible on premises, water is available when needed, and the water supplied is free from contamination. Improved sources are those that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction.Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using safely managed water services (%)(High-income and OECD countries)

New Zealand 100.0 • LNetherlands 100.0 • LIsrael 99.4 • LGermany 99.2 • LUnited States 99.0 • LGreece 98.9 • LIreland 98.9 • LAustria 98.7 • LBelgium 98.4 • LIceland 98.3 • LLuxembourg 98.2 • LSpain 98.2 • LChile 98.2 • LSlovenia 98.0 • LKorea, Rep. 98.0 • LSweden 98.0 • LCzech Republic 97.6 • LJapan 97.2 • L

Finland 96.9 • LDenmark 96.7 • LUnited Kingdom 95.7 • LSwitzerland 95.5 • LPortugal 95.1 • LNorway 95.0 • LPoland 93.9 • 5Italy 93.7 • LSlovak Republic 93.4 • 5France 93.3 • 5Lithuania 91.7 • LLatvia 81.9 • 5Estonia 81.7 • pHungary 81.5 • LMexico 42.6 • 5Australia NA • ••Canada NA • ••Turkey NA • ••

The percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services. Safely managed sanitation services are “improved” sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households, and where the excreta produced should either be treated and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied, transported and treated off-site, or transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact.Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Population using safely managed sanitation services (%)(High-income and OECD countries)

Japan 99.8 • LSwitzerland 99.0 • LKorea, Rep. 98.5 • LUnited Kingdom 97.6 • LNetherlands 97.5 • LSpain 97.5 • LBelgium 97.1 • LAustria 96.8 • LGermany 95.5 • LItaly 95.4 • LLuxembourg 93.7 • LIsrael 93.3 • LDenmark 93.2 • LEstonia 92.9 • LSweden 92.3 • LFrance 92.1 • LFinland 91.6 • LUnited States 89.5 • D

Chile 85.5 • LCzech Republic 81.9 • pSlovak Republic 81.7 • pNorway 78.4 • 5Latvia 78.4 • DPoland 77.1 • 5Canada 76.8 • 5New Zealand 75.9 • 5Slovenia 75.7 • 5Hungary 75.6 • LGreece 75.2 • 5Australia 74.2 • DIreland 70.3 • LIceland 68.9 • 5Portugal 61.7 • 5Lithuania 61.2 • 5Mexico 45.2 • DTurkey 44.3 • D



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the total population with access to electricity.Source: SE4All (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Access to electricity (% population)

Kyrgyz Republic 100.0 • LEcuador 99.9 • LVenezuela, RB 99.6 • LAlgeria 99.4 • LTuvalu 99.4 • LPalau 99.3 • LNauru 99.2 • LPakistan 99.1 • LColombia 99.0 • LMauritius 98.8 • LFiji 98.6 • LEl Salvador 98.6 • LLibya 98.5 • LParaguay 98.4 • LJamaica 98.2 • LSt. Lucia 97.8 • LIndonesia 97.6 • LAntigua and Barbuda 97.4 • LTonga 97.0 • LSri Lanka 95.6 • LPeru 94.9 • LPanama 93.4 • LMarshall Islands 93.1 • LBolivia 93.0 • LCabo Verde 92.6 • LGrenada 92.3 • DBelize 92.2 • DGuatemala 91.8 • LGabon 91.4 • LPhilippines 91.0 • LNepal 90.7 • LHonduras 87.6 • LSuriname 87.2 • pLao PDR 87.1 • LKiribati 84.9 • LIndia 84.5 • LGuyana 84.2 • DSouth Africa 84.2 • DAfghanistan 84.1 • LNicaragua 81.8 • DMongolia 81.8 • 5Ghana 79.3 • LComoros 77.8 • LBangladesh 75.9 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 75.4 • DYemen, Rep. 71.6 • DEquatorial Guinea 67.9 • 5Eswatini 65.8 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 65.4 • 5

Senegal 64.5 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 64.3 • DTimor-Leste 63.4 • LBotswana 60.7 • DCameroon 60.1 • 5Nigeria 59.3 • 5Vanuatu 57.8 • 5Myanmar 57.0 • DCongo, Rep. 56.6 • LKenya 56.0 • DDjibouti 51.8 • pNamibia 51.8 • 5Cambodia 49.8 • DSolomon Islands 47.9 • LThe Gambia 47.8 • 5Togo 46.9 • DEritrea 46.7 • 5Ethiopia 42.9 • 5Mauritania 41.7 • 5Benin 41.4 • 5Angola 40.5 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 39.2 • 5Haiti 38.7 • 5Sudan 38.5 • 5Zimbabwe 38.1 • pMali 35.1 • DGuinea 33.5 • 5Tanzania 32.8 • 5Somalia 29.9 • 5Lesotho 29.7 • 5Rwanda 29.4 • DZambia 27.2 • 5Uganda 26.7 • 5Mozambique 24.2 • 5Papua New Guinea 22.9 • 5Madagascar 22.9 • 5Sierra Leone 20.3 • 5Liberia 19.8 • 5Burkina Faso 19.2 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 17.1 • 5Niger 16.2 • 5Guinea-Bissau 14.7 • 5Central African Republic 14.0 • 5Malawi 11.0 • 5South Sudan 8.9 • 5Chad 8.8 • 5Burundi 7.6 • 5

Albania 100.0 • LAndorra 100.0 • LArgentina 100.0 • LArmenia 100.0 • LAustralia 100.0 • LAustria 100.0 • LAzerbaijan 100.0 • LThe Bahamas 100.0 • LBahrain 100.0 • LBarbados 100.0 • LBelarus 100.0 • LBelgium 100.0 • LBhutan 100.0 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 100.0 • LBrazil 100.0 • LBrunei Darussalam 100.0 • LBulgaria 100.0 • LCanada 100.0 • LChile 100.0 • LChina 100.0 • LCosta Rica 100.0 • LCroatia 100.0 • LCuba 100.0 • LCyprus 100.0 • LCzech Republic 100.0 • LDenmark 100.0 • LDominica 100.0 • LDominican Republic 100.0 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 100.0 • LEstonia 100.0 • LFinland 100.0 • LFrance 100.0 • LGeorgia 100.0 • LGermany 100.0 • LGreece 100.0 • LHungary 100.0 • LIceland 100.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 100.0 • LIraq 100.0 • LIreland 100.0 • LIsrael 100.0 • LItaly 100.0 • LJapan 100.0 • LJordan 100.0 • LKazakhstan 100.0 • LKorea, Rep. 100.0 • LKuwait 100.0 • LLatvia 100.0 • LLebanon 100.0 • L

Liechtenstein 100.0 • LLithuania 100.0 • LLuxembourg 100.0 • LMalaysia 100.0 • LMaldives 100.0 • LMalta 100.0 • LMexico 100.0 • LMoldova 100.0 • LMonaco 100.0 • LMontenegro 100.0 • LMorocco 100.0 • LNetherlands 100.0 • LNew Zealand 100.0 • LNorth Macedonia 100.0 • LNorway 100.0 • LOman 100.0 • LPoland 100.0 • LPortugal 100.0 • LQatar 100.0 • LRomania 100.0 • LRussian Federation 100.0 • LSamoa 100.0 • LSan Marino 100.0 • LSaudi Arabia 100.0 • LSerbia 100.0 • LSeychelles 100.0 • LSingapore 100.0 • LSlovak Republic 100.0 • LSlovenia 100.0 • LSpain 100.0 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 • L


100.0 • L

Sweden 100.0 • LSwitzerland 100.0 • LSyrian Arab Republic 100.0 • LTajikistan 100.0 • LThailand 100.0 • LTrinidad and Tobago 100.0 • LTunisia 100.0 • LTurkey 100.0 • LTurkmenistan 100.0 • LUkraine 100.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 100.0 • LUnited Kingdom 100.0 • LUnited States 100.0 • LUruguay 100.0 • LUzbekistan 100.0 • LVietnam 100.0 • L



*Imputed data point



The percentage of total population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels.Source: SE4All (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Access to clean fuels & technology for cooking (% population)

Kyrgyz Republic 81.3 • LTajikistan 80.4 • LCuba 79.4 • DGabon 79.1 • LGeorgia 77.8 • LAlbania 77.4 • LSerbia 76.4 • LPeru 75.1 • LGuyana 74.5 • LThailand 74.4 • DCabo Verde 71.1 • DMontenegro 69.4 • DVietnam 66.9 • LParaguay 66.2 • DNorth Macedonia 65.6 • DMarshall Islands 65.4 • LYemen, Rep. 64.9 • 5Botswana 64.1 • DBolivia 64.0 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 63.4 • DChina 59.3 • 5Tonga 59.2 • 5Indonesia 58.4 • LHonduras 53.1 • DBhutan 52.5 • 5Nicaragua 52.3 • DTuvalu 50.4 • DEswatini 49.7 • DAngola 48.1 • 5Mauritania 46.6 • 5Guatemala 45.2 • 5Pakistan 43.3 • 5Philippines 43.2 • 5Mongolia 42.8 • 5Namibia 42.2 • 5Sudan 41.3 • DIndia 41.0 • 5Fiji 39.6 • 5Lesotho 35.6 • 5Equatorial Guinea 34.4 • 5Afghanistan 32.4 • 5Samoa 32.3 • 5Senegal 31.7 • pZimbabwe 29.1 • pNepal 27.6 • 5Sri Lanka 26.3 • 5Congo, Rep. 24.1 • 5Cameroon 23.0 • 5Ghana 21.7 • 5

Myanmar 18.4 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 18.2 • pBangladesh 17.7 • 5Cambodia 17.7 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 16.8 • pZambia 16.4 • 5Eritrea 16.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 13.4 • 5Kenya 13.4 • 5Vanuatu 12.6 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 12.0 • 5Djibouti 11.5 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 10.8 • 5Comoros 9.3 • 5Burkina Faso 8.9 • 5Solomon Islands 8.5 • 5Timor-Leste 6.9 • 5Togo 6.7 • 5Benin 6.4 • 5Lao PDR 5.6 • 5Kiribati 5.5 • 5Nigeria 4.9 • 5Haiti 4.3 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.0 • 5Mozambique 3.7 • 5Ethiopia 3.5 • 5The Gambia 3.3 • 5Chad 3.1 • pMalawi 2.5 • 5Somalia 2.3 • 5Tanzania 2.2 • 5Niger 1.9 • 5Guinea-Bissau 1.5 • 5Guinea 1.2 • 5Sierra Leone 1.0 • 5Central African Republic 1.0 • 5Mali 1.0 • pMadagascar 0.9 • pBurundi 0.9 • 5Uganda 0.8 • pLiberia 0.7 • 5South Sudan 0.6 • 5Rwanda 0.6 • 5Lebanon NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Turkey NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • LAustralia 100.0 • LAustria 100.0 • LThe Bahamas 100.0 • LBahrain 100.0 • LBelgium 100.0 • LBrunei Darussalam 100.0 • LCanada 100.0 • LCyprus 100.0 • LDenmark 100.0 • LFinland 100.0 • LFrance 100.0 • LGermany 100.0 • LHungary 100.0 • LIceland 100.0 • LIreland 100.0 • LIsrael 100.0 • LItaly 100.0 • LJapan 100.0 • LKuwait 100.0 • LLithuania 100.0 • LLuxembourg 100.0 • LMalta 100.0 • LMonaco 100.0 • LNetherlands 100.0 • LNew Zealand 100.0 • LNorway 100.0 • LPoland 100.0 • LPortugal 100.0 • LSan Marino 100.0 • LSingapore 100.0 • LSpain 100.0 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 100.0 • LSweden 100.0 • LSwitzerland 100.0 • LUnited Kingdom 100.0 • LUnited States 100.0 • LBarbados 99.4 • LTurkmenistan 99.3 • LTrinidad and Tobago 99.3 • LTunisia 99.1 • LJordan 99.1 • LSyrian Arab Republic 99.0 • LAntigua and Barbuda 98.8 • LUnited Arab Emirates 98.5 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 98.5 • LQatar 98.5 • LArgentina 98.4 • LRussian Federation 98.3 • L

Belarus 98.2 • LUruguay 98.0 • LIraq 97.6 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 97.6 • LSt. Lucia 97.2 • LCzech Republic 97.1 • LArmenia 96.9 • LMorocco 96.8 • LKorea, Rep. 96.7 • LGrenada 96.6 • LSlovak Republic 96.6 • LMalaysia 96.3 • LSlovenia 96.2 • LVenezuela, RB 96.2 • L


Saudi Arabia 96.0 • LUkraine 95.7 • LBrazil 95.6 • LEcuador 95.6 • LAzerbaijan 95.5 • LKazakhstan 95.3 • LLatvia 95.3 • LOman 95.2 • LGreece 94.3 • LMaldives 93.8 • LCosta Rica 93.5 • LMauritius 93.3 • LEstonia 92.9 • LCroatia 92.7 • LAlgeria 92.6 • LChile 92.3 • LMoldova 92.2 • LUzbekistan 92.1 • LColombia 91.8 • LNauru 91.3 • LDominica 90.6 • LJamaica 90.5 • LDominican Republic 90.4 • LSeychelles 90.4 • LSuriname 89.6 • LPanama 89.0 • LBulgaria 88.7 • LPalau 86.9 • LEl Salvador 86.0 • LRomania 85.9 • LBelize 85.4 • LMexico 85.4 • LSouth Africa 84.8 • L



*Imputed data point



A measure of the carbon intensity of energy production, calculated by dividing CO2 emissions from the combustion of fuel by electricity output. This indicator was calculated by dividing national data on ”Total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion for electricity and heat (MtCO2)” over ”Electricity output (TWh).”Source: IEA (2016) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion / electricity output (MtCO2/TWh)

Gabon 1.6 • 5Australia 1.6 • 5Eritrea 1.6 • 5Congo, Rep. 1.6 • LUzbekistan 1.6 • LNepal 1.6 • 5Belarus 1.6 • DChina 1.6 • LSaudi Arabia 1.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 1.7 • LSouth Africa 1.8 • 5Jamaica 1.8 • 5Poland 1.8 • DCambodia 1.9 • LTanzania 1.9 • 5Senegal 1.9 • 5Morocco 2.0 • 5Qatar 2.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 2.0 • LAlgeria 2.0 • DIraq 2.0 • DIndonesia 2.1 • DOman 2.1 • DAngola 2.1 • LBolivia 2.1 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.1 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 2.2 • LKazakhstan 2.2 • LNamibia 2.5 • 5Botswana 2.5 • LNigeria 2.8 • 5Lithuania 2.9 • pTurkmenistan 3.3 • 5Haiti 3.3 • DMongolia 3.3 • 5Niger 4.0 • DLuxembourg 11.6 • pBenin 16.4 • LTogo 22.6 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••

Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Fiji NA • ••The Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Sierra Leone NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Paraguay 0.1 • LIceland 0.1 • LSweden 0.2 • LTajikistan 0.2 • LZambia 0.2 • LNorway 0.3 • LMozambique 0.3 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.3 • LUruguay 0.5 • LFrance 0.5 • LSwitzerland 0.6 • LArmenia 0.6 • LFinland 0.6 • LCosta Rica 0.6 • LAlbania 0.7 • LGeorgia 0.7 • LNew Zealand 0.7 • LKyrgyz Republic 0.8 • LCameroon 0.8 • LBrazil 0.8 • LMontenegro 0.8 • LCanada 0.8 • LSlovenia 0.9 • LSingapore 0.9 • LSpain 0.9 • LSuriname 0.9 • LBulgaria 0.9 • LPortugal 1.0 • LEthiopia 1.0 • LColombia 1.0 • DPeru 1.0 • LIsrael 1.1 • LPanama 1.1 • LHonduras 1.1 • LAustria 1.1 • 5Romania 1.1 • LEl Salvador 1.1 • pChile 1.1 • LBahrain 1.1 • 5Denmark 1.1 • LVietnam 1.1 • LKorea, Rep. 1.1 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 1.1 • LNicaragua 1.2 • DCôte d’Ivoire 1.2 • 5Japan 1.2 • 5Venezuela, RB 1.2 • LSlovak Republic 1.2 • LLibya 1.2 • L

Germany 1.2 • LUnited States 1.2 • LMyanmar 1.2 • 5Italy 1.2 • LSudan 1.2 • LUkraine 1.2 • LUnited Kingdom 1.2 • LDominican Republic 1.2 • LSerbia 1.3 • 5Zimbabwe 1.3 • 5Ghana 1.3 • 5Bangladesh 1.3 • 5Czech Republic 1.3 • LTurkey 1.3 • DLatvia 1.3 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3 • 5Lebanon 1.3 • 5Greece 1.3 • LNorth Macedonia 1.3 • 5Moldova 1.3 • 5Philippines 1.3 • 5Azerbaijan 1.3 • 5Ireland 1.3 • LJordan 1.3 • 5Guatemala 1.3 • 5Malta 1.3 • 5Cyprus 1.4 • DMauritius 1.4 • 5Tunisia 1.4 • DCuba 1.4 • LKuwait 1.4 • 5Pakistan 1.4 • 5Argentina 1.4 • 5Croatia 1.4 • 5Belgium 1.4 • 5Russian Federation 1.5 • DEcuador 1.5 • LKenya 1.5 • 5Thailand 1.5 • 5Hungary 1.5 • 5Netherlands 1.5 • 5Mexico 1.5 • DBrunei Darussalam 1.5 • LEstonia 1.5 • 5Sri Lanka 1.5 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.5 • 5Malaysia 1.6 • 5United Arab Emirates 1.6 • DIndia 1.6 • D



*Imputed data point



The share of renewable energy consumption in the total final energy consumption.Source: World Bank (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 77.0 • LNorway 57.8 • LSweden 53.2 • LFinland 43.2 • LLatvia 38.1 • LAustria 34.4 • LDenmark 33.2 • LNew Zealand 30.8 • LLithuania 29.0 • LEstonia 27.5 • LPortugal 27.2 • LSwitzerland 25.3 • LChile 24.9 • LCanada 22.0 • LSlovenia 20.9 • LGreece 17.2 • LItaly 16.5 • LSpain 16.3 • L

Hungary 15.6 • LCzech Republic 14.8 • LGermany 14.2 • LFrance 13.5 • DSlovak Republic 13.4 • LTurkey 13.4 • pPoland 11.9 • DMexico 9.2 • pBelgium 9.2 • DAustralia 9.2 • 5Ireland 9.1 • DLuxembourg 9.0 • LUnited States 8.7 • 5United Kingdom 8.7 • LJapan 6.3 • 5Netherlands 5.9 • 5Israel 3.7 • pKorea, Rep. 2.7 • 5



*Imputed data point



The growth rate of GDP adjusted to income levels (where rich countries are expected to grow less) and expressed relative to US growth performance. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy, plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.Source: World Bank (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Adjusted growth (%)

Kyrgyz Republic -2.3 • ••Algeria -2.4 • ••St. Lucia -2.4 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. -2.4 • ••Morocco -2.5 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines -2.5 • ••Palau -2.5 • ••Guinea -2.6 • ••Rwanda -2.6 • ••Barbados -2.6 • ••El Salvador -2.6 • ••Gabon -2.8 • ••Mexico -2.8 • ••Namibia -2.8 • ••Guatemala -2.9 • ••Ghana -2.9 • ••Tunisia -3.0 • ••Senegal -3.0 • ••Nepal -3.0 • ••Kenya -3.0 • ••Argentina -3.2 • ••Azerbaijan -3.2 • ••Honduras -3.3 • ••Cameroon -3.3 • ••Samoa -3.4 • ••Ecuador -3.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam -3.4 • ••Eswatini -3.4 • ••Belarus -3.4 • ••South Africa -3.4 • ••The Bahamas -3.4 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe -3.4 • ••Sudan -3.4 • ••Jamaica -3.7 • ••Cabo Verde -3.7 • ••Tonga -3.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago -3.8 • ••Norway -3.9 • ••Togo -4.1 • ••Marshall Islands -4.1 • ••Benin -4.2 • ••Mali -4.2 • ••Kuwait -4.2 • ••Russian Federation -4.2 • ••Oman -4.2 • ••Kiribati -4.4 • ••Burkina Faso -4.5 • ••Zambia -4.6 • ••

Mozambique -4.6 • ••Nigeria -4.6 • ••Belize -4.6 • ••Brazil -4.7 • ••Mauritania -4.7 • ••Guinea-Bissau -4.9 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. -5.1 • ••Suriname -5.1 • ••Ukraine -5.2 • ••Solomon Islands -5.4 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. -5.4 • ••Jordan -5.5 • ••Uganda -5.5 • ••Lesotho -5.5 • ••Vanuatu -5.6 • ••Dominica -5.7 • ••Haiti -5.8 • ••Comoros -5.8 • ••Lebanon -5.9 • ••Congo, Rep. -6.1 • ••Niger -6.1 • ••Zimbabwe -6.2 • ••Madagascar -6.2 • ••Malawi -6.2 • ••Angola -6.4 • ••Afghanistan -6.5 • ••The Gambia -6.9 • ••Sierra Leone -7.0 • ••Liberia -7.6 • ••Chad -8.4 • ••Libya -9.1 • ••Burundi -9.9 • ••Equatorial Guinea -11.1 • ••Timor-Leste -12.0 • ••Central African Republic -14.3 • ••Yemen, Rep. -14.5 • ••Andorra NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Venezuela, RB NA • ••

Ireland 7.2 • ••Nauru 6.2 • ••Malta 3.1 • ••China 2.9 • ••Romania 2.6 • ••Turkmenistan 2.5 • ••Iceland 2.2 • ••Montenegro 2.0 • ••Lithuania 1.9 • ••Latvia 1.5 • ••Singapore 1.5 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.4 • ••Dominican Republic 1.3 • ••Myanmar 1.1 • ••Lao PDR 1.0 • ••India 1.0 • ••Panama 1.0 • ••Malaysia 0.9 • ••New Zealand 0.9 • ••Grenada 0.9 • ••Turkey 0.8 • ••Czech Republic 0.8 • ••Seychelles 0.7 • ••Uzbekistan 0.7 • ••Bulgaria 0.6 • ••Mauritius 0.5 • ••Luxembourg 0.4 • ••Philippines 0.3 • ••Maldives 0.3 • ••Vietnam 0.2 • ••Croatia 0.1 • ••Israel 0.1 • ••Georgia 0.1 • ••Ethiopia 0.1 • ••North Macedonia 0.1 • ••Estonia 0.1 • ••United States 0.0 • ••Slovenia 0.0 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 • ••Poland 0.0 • ••Paraguay 0.0 • ••Korea, Rep. -0.1 • ••Indonesia -0.1 • ••Mongolia -0.1 • ••Germany -0.2 • ••Hungary -0.2 • ••Spain -0.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina -0.2 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis -0.2 • ••

Portugal -0.3 • ••Cambodia -0.3 • ••Bangladesh -0.3 • ••Japan -0.4 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. -0.4 • ••Bhutan -0.4 • ••Denmark -0.4 • ••Slovak Republic -0.5 • ••Switzerland -0.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda -0.5 • ••Moldova -0.6 • ••Sri Lanka -0.6 • ••Bahrain -0.6 • ••United Kingdom -0.6 • ••Austria -0.7 • ••Australia -0.7 • ••Netherlands -0.7 • ••Uruguay -0.8 • ••Belgium -0.8 • ••France -0.8 • ••Sweden -0.8 • ••Kazakhstan -0.8 • ••Thailand -0.9 • ••Costa Rica -1.0 • ••Armenia -1.1 • ••Albania -1.1 • ••Bolivia -1.1 • ••Canada -1.2 • ••Botswana -1.2 • ••Finland -1.3 • ••Colombia -1.3 • ••Fiji -1.3 • ••Tajikistan -1.4 • ••Nicaragua -1.4 • ••Peru -1.4 • ••Qatar -1.5 • ••Guyana -1.5 • ••Chile -1.6 • ••Serbia -1.7 • ••Saudi Arabia -1.7 • ••Italy -1.8 • ••San Marino -2.0 • ••Papua New Guinea -2.1 • ••Cyprus -2.1 • ••Pakistan -2.2 • ••Greece -2.3 • ••Iraq -2.3 • ••Tuvalu -2.3 • ••Tanzania -2.3 • ••



*Imputed data point



Based on the Global Slavery Index (GSI), the score reflects a set of measures about the number of people in modern slavery, the steps governments are taking to respond to it, and the factors that make individuals vulnerable. It is calculated based on standardised surveys and Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE), and several indicators measuring vulnerability and government responses.Source: Walk Free Foundation (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Prevalence of Modern Slavery (victims per 1,000 population)

The Gambia 5.8 • ••Montenegro 5.9 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 5.9 • ••Nepal 6.0 • ••Croatia 6.0 • ••India 6.1 • ••Ethiopia 6.1 • ••Tanzania 6.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea 6.4 • ••Ukraine 6.4 • ••Turkey 6.5 • ••Zimbabwe 6.7 • ••Niger 6.7 • ••Togo 6.8 • ••Cameroon 6.9 • ••Albania 6.9 • ••Malaysia 6.9 • ••Kenya 6.9 • ••Djibouti 7.1 • ••Angola 7.2 • ••Liberia 7.4 • ••Guinea-Bissau 7.5 • ••Malawi 7.5 • ••Madagascar 7.5 • ••Uganda 7.6 • ••Timor-Leste 7.7 • ••Philippines 7.7 • ••Guinea 7.8 • ••Greece 7.9 • ••Congo, Rep. 8.0 • ••North Macedonia 8.7 • ••Eswatini 8.8 • ••Thailand 8.9 • ••Lao PDR 9.4 • ••Papua New Guinea 10.3 • ••Belarus 10.9 • ••Brunei Darussalam 10.9 • ••Myanmar 11.0 • ••Turkmenistan 11.2 • ••Rwanda 11.6 • ••Chad 12.0 • ••Sudan 12.0 • ••Mongolia 12.3 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 13.7 • ••Somalia 15.5 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 16.2 • ••Cambodia 16.8 • ••Mauritania 21.4 • ••Afghanistan 22.2 • ••

Central African Republic 22.3 • ••Burundi 40.0 • ••Eritrea 93.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 104.6 • ••Andorra NA • $NAntigua and Barbuda NA • $NThe Bahamas NA • $NBahrain NA* • $NBelize NA • $NBhutan NA • $NComoros NA • $NDominica NA • $NFiji NA • $NGrenada NA • $NIraq NA* • $NKiribati NA • $NKuwait NA* • $NLibya NA* • $NLiechtenstein NA • $NMaldives NA • $NMalta NA • $NMarshall Islands NA • $NMicronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • $NMonaco NA • $NNauru NA • $NNigeria NA* • $NOman NA* • $NPakistan NA* • $NPalau NA • $NQatar NA* • $NSamoa NA • $NSan Marino NA • $NSão Tomé and Príncipe NA • $NSaudi Arabia NA* • $NSeychelles NA • $NSolomon Islands NA • $NSouth Sudan NA* • $NSt. Kitts and Nevis NA • $NSt. Lucia NA • $NSt. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • $NSyrian Arab Republic NA* • $NTonga NA • $NTuvalu NA • $NUnited Arab Emirates NA* • $NVanuatu NA • $NYemen, Rep. NA* • $N

Japan 0.3 • ••Canada 0.5 • ••New Zealand 0.6 • ••Australia 0.6 • ••Chile 0.8 • ••Mauritius 1.0 • ••Uruguay 1.0 • ••Costa Rica 1.3 • ••United States 1.3 • ••Argentina 1.3 • ••Luxembourg 1.5 • ••Sweden 1.6 • ••Paraguay 1.6 • ••Denmark 1.6 • ••Finland 1.7 • ••Ireland 1.7 • ••Switzerland 1.7 • ••Lebanon 1.7 • ••Austria 1.7 • ••Netherlands 1.8 • ••Brazil 1.8 • ••Jordan 1.8 • ••Norway 1.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 1.9 • ••France 2.0 • ••Belgium 2.0 • ••Germany 2.0 • ••Panama 2.1 • ••United Kingdom 2.1 • ••Iceland 2.1 • ••Sri Lanka 2.1 • ••Bolivia 2.1 • ••Slovenia 2.2 • ••Tunisia 2.2 • ••Suriname 2.3 • ••Spain 2.3 • ••Ecuador 2.4 • ••Italy 2.4 • ••Morocco 2.4 • ••Portugal 2.5 • ••El Salvador 2.5 • ••Peru 2.6 • ••Jamaica 2.6 • ••Guyana 2.6 • ••Algeria 2.7 • ••Mexico 2.7 • ••Colombia 2.7 • ••Barbados 2.7 • ••China 2.8 • ••

South Africa 2.8 • ••Senegal 2.9 • ••Czech Republic 2.9 • ••Nicaragua 2.9 • ••Guatemala 2.9 • ••Slovak Republic 2.9 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 3.0 • ••Namibia 3.3 • ••Serbia 3.3 • ••Poland 3.4 • ••Honduras 3.4 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.4 • ••Singapore 3.4 • ••Botswana 3.4 • ••Mali 3.6 • ••Estonia 3.6 • ••Hungary 3.7 • ••Bangladesh 3.7 • ••Cuba 3.8 • ••Israel 3.9 • ••Latvia 3.9 • ••Dominican Republic 4.0 • ••Cabo Verde 4.1 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 4.1 • ••Lesotho 4.2 • ••Kazakhstan 4.2 • ••Cyprus 4.2 • ••Romania 4.3 • ••Georgia 4.3 • ••Azerbaijan 4.5 • ••Bulgaria 4.5 • ••Vietnam 4.5 • ••Burkina Faso 4.5 • ••Tajikistan 4.5 • ••Indonesia 4.7 • ••Gabon 4.8 • ••Ghana 4.8 • ••Sierra Leone 5.0 • ••Uzbekistan 5.2 • ••Armenia 5.3 • ••Mozambique 5.4 • ••Benin 5.5 • ••Moldova 5.5 • ••Russian Federation 5.5 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.5 • ••Haiti 5.6 • ••Venezuela, RB 5.6 • ••Zambia 5.7 • ••Lithuania 5.8 • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of adults, 15 years and older, who report having an account (by themselves or with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution, or who have personally used a mobile money service within the past 12 months.Source: Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2019 Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (%)

Guatemala 44.1 • LMoldova 43.8 • LBurkina Faso 43.2 • LAlgeria 42.8 • DPeru 42.6 • DJordan 42.5 • DSenegal 42.3 • LMozambique 41.7 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 41.3 • ••Turkmenistan 40.6 • LAlbania 40.0 • DKyrgyz Republic 39.9 • LNigeria 39.7 • DSomalia 38.7 • ••Benin 38.5 • LUzbekistan 37.1 • DMexico 36.9 • 5Tunisia 36.9 • ••Liberia 35.7 • DMali 35.4 • LEthiopia 34.8 • ••Cameroon 34.6 • DPhilippines 34.5 • 5Malawi 33.7 • DBhutan 33.7 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 32.8 • DHaiti 32.6 • 5Nicaragua 30.9 • DVietnam 30.8 • 5El Salvador 30.4 • DAngola 29.3 • ••Lao PDR 29.1 • 5Morocco 28.6 • ••Azerbaijan 28.6 • DEswatini 28.6 • ••Congo, Rep. 26.1 • DMyanmar 26.0 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 25.8 • DGuinea 23.5 • DSyrian Arab Republic 23.3 • ••Iraq 22.7 • 5Chad 21.8 • 5Comoros 21.7 • ••Cambodia 21.7 • DPakistan 21.3 • 5Mauritania 20.9 • 5Sierra Leone 19.8 • 5Madagascar 17.9 • 5Niger 15.5 • 5

Sudan 15.3 • ••Afghanistan 14.9 • 5Central African Republic 13.7 • 5Djibouti 12.3 • ••South Sudan 8.6 • ••Burundi 7.1 • ••Yemen, Rep. 6.4 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••The Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Denmark 99.9 • LFinland 99.8 • LNorway 99.7 • ••Sweden 99.7 • LCanada 99.7 • LNetherlands 99.6 • LAustralia 99.5 • LNew Zealand 99.2 • LGermany 99.1 • LLuxembourg 98.8 • LBelgium 98.6 • LSwitzerland 98.4 • ••Japan 98.2 • LAustria 98.2 • LEstonia 98.0 • LSingapore 97.9 • LSlovenia 97.5 • LMalta 97.4 • LUnited Kingdom 96.4 • LIreland 95.3 • LKorea, Rep. 94.9 • LFrance 94.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 94.0 • LItaly 93.8 • LSpain 93.8 • LLatvia 93.2 • LUnited States 93.1 • LMongolia 93.0 • LIsrael 92.8 • LPortugal 92.3 • LMauritius 89.8 • LCyprus 88.7 • LUnited Arab Emirates 88.2 • LPoland 86.7 • LCroatia 86.1 • LGreece 85.5 • LMalaysia 85.3 • LSlovak Republic 84.2 • LLithuania 82.9 • LBahrain 82.6 • LThailand 81.6 • LKenya 81.6 • LBelarus 81.2 • LCzech Republic 81.0 • LTrinidad and Tobago 80.8 • LNamibia 80.6 • ••China 80.2 • LIndia 79.9 • LKuwait 79.8 • p

Jamaica 78.5 • ••North Macedonia 76.6 • LRussian Federation 75.8 • LHungary 74.9 • DChile 74.3 • LSri Lanka 73.6 • LOman 73.6 • ••Venezuela, RB 73.5 • LBulgaria 72.2 • LSaudi Arabia 71.7 • LSerbia 71.4 • LBrazil 70.0 • LSouth Africa 69.2 • LTurkey 68.6 • LMontenegro 68.4 • LCosta Rica 67.8 • LQatar 65.9 • ••Libya 65.7 • ••Uruguay 63.9 • LUkraine 62.9 • LGeorgia 61.2 • LUganda 59.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 58.8 • 5Kazakhstan 58.7 • LGabon 58.6 • LRomania 57.8 • DGhana 57.7 • LDominican Republic 56.2 • LZimbabwe 55.3 • LBolivia 54.4 • LEcuador 51.2 • DBotswana 51.0 • LBangladesh 50.0 • LRwanda 50.0 • DIndonesia 48.9 • LArgentina 48.7 • DParaguay 48.6 • LBelize 48.2 • ••Armenia 47.8 • LTajikistan 47.0 • LTanzania 46.8 • LPanama 46.5 • LZambia 45.9 • LColombia 45.8 • DLesotho 45.6 • LNepal 45.4 • DHonduras 45.3 • LTogo 45.3 • LLebanon 44.8 • 5



*Imputed data point



The share of the labour force that is without work but is available and actively seeking employment. The indicator reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for those persons who want to work but are not doing so.Source: ILO (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Unemployment rate (% total labour force)(Non OECD Member States)

Colombia 9.0 • DCroatia 9.1 • LBelize 9.2 • LMorocco 9.3 • pGambia, The 9.5 • pBarbados 9.5 • DMauritania 9.9 • 5Algeria 10.1 • 5Tajikistan 10.3 • 5Cabo Verde 10.4 • 5Cyprus 10.4 • 5Congo, Rep. 11.3 • pKenya 11.4 • 5South Sudan 11.5 • pGeorgia 11.6 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 11.8 • 5Guyana 11.9 • pBrazil 12.0 • pJamaica 12.3 • 5The Bahamas 12.3 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 12.4 • pSudan 12.7 • 5Serbia 13.1 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 13.5 • 5Haiti 13.9 • 5Yemen, Rep. 14.2 • 5Jordan 14.7 • pSyrian Arab Republic 14.9 • pAlbania 15.1 • pTunisia 15.3 • DLibya 15.7 • 5Montenegro 16.1 • DBotswana 17.6 • 5St. Vincent and the 18.3 • pArmenia 18.3 • pGabon 19.5 • 5St. Lucia 20.4 • pNorth Macedonia 22.3 • DNamibia 23.3 • pMozambique 24.9 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 26.1 • 5Eswatini 26.4 • 5South Africa 27.4 • pLesotho 28.5 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••

Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Qatar 0.1 • LCambodia 0.2 • LNiger 0.4 • LBelarus 0.5 • LLao PDR 0.7 • LMyanmar 0.8 • LTonga 1.2 • LBahrain 1.2 • LThailand 1.3 • LRwanda 1.4 • LBurundi 1.5 • LUnited Arab Emirates 1.7 • LMadagascar 1.8 • LSingapore 1.8 • LTogo 1.8 • LPhilippines 1.9 • LSolomon Islands 2.1 • LKuwait 2.1 • LVietnam 2.1 • LUganda 2.2 • LTanzania 2.3 • LBenin 2.4 • LLiberia 2.4 • LBhutan 2.4 • LGhana 2.4 • LCuba 2.6 • LCote d'Ivoire 2.6 • LGuatemala 2.7 • LPapua New Guinea 2.7 • LNepal 2.7 • LBolivia 3.2 • LOman 3.2 • LTurkmenistan 3.3 • LMalaysia 3.3 • LTimor-Leste 3.5 • LIndia 3.5 • LPeru 3.6 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 3.7 • LMalta 3.9 • LEcuador 4.0 • LSri Lanka 4.1 • LPakistan 4.2 • LCameroon 4.2 • LIndonesia 4.3 • LComoros 4.3 • LSierra Leone 4.4 • LHonduras 4.4 • LBangladesh 4.4 • LMoldova 4.4 • L

Nicaragua 4.5 • LGuinea 4.5 • LEl Salvador 4.5 • LPanama 4.6 • LParaguay 4.6 • LRomania 4.6 • LChina 4.7 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 4.7 • LSenegal 4.8 • LBulgaria 4.9 • LMaldives 5.0 • LZimbabwe 5.0 • LAzerbaijan 5.0 • LRussian Federation 5.1 • LKazakhstan 5.1 • LTrinidad and Tobago 5.1 • LVanuatu 5.2 • LEthiopia 5.3 • 5Saudi Arabia 5.4 • 5Dominican Republic 5.5 • LCentral African Republic 5.8 • DDjibouti 5.8 • DChad 5.9 • 5Somalia 5.9 • 5Malawi 5.9 • DGuinea-Bissau 6.1 • 5Burkina Faso 6.2 • 5Fiji 6.2 • LEritrea 6.3 • DMongolia 6.7 • pLebanon 6.7 • 5Uzbekistan 6.9 • DNigeria 7.0 • pMauritius 7.1 • DBrunei Darussalam 7.1 • pKyrgyz Republic 7.4 • LEquatorial Guinea 7.6 • pZambia 7.8 • 5Venezuela, RB 7.9 • 5Mali 8.0 • 5Costa Rica 8.0 • LUruguay 8.0 • pSuriname 8.1 • pSamoa 8.1 • 5Argentina 8.2 • pIraq 8.2 • 5Angola 8.5 • 5Afghanistan 8.8 • pUkraine 9.0 • p



*Imputed data point



The number of fatal work-related accidents associated with imported goods. Calculated using extensions to a multiregional input-output table.Source: Alsamawi et al (2017) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available)

Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (deaths per 100,000)

Thailand 0.4 • –Chile 0.4 • –Lesotho 0.4 • –Russian Federation 0.4 • –Paraguay 0.4 • –Hungary 0.4 • –El Salvador 0.4 • –Bulgaria 0.4 • –Poland 0.5 • –Jordan 0.5 • –Bhutan 0.5 • –Turkmenistan 0.5 • –The Bahamas 0.5 • –Croatia 0.5 • –Panama 0.5 • –Uruguay 0.5 • –Latvia 0.6 • –Costa Rica 0.6 • –Eswatini 0.6 • –Suriname 0.6 • –Namibia 0.7 • –Trinidad and Tobago 0.7 • –Slovak Republic 0.7 • –Israel 0.7 • –Lithuania 0.7 • –Estonia 0.7 • –Barbados 0.8 • –Czech Republic 0.8 • –Serbia 0.8 • –Antigua and Barbuda 0.8 • –Kenya 0.8 • –Italy 0.9 • –Botswana 0.9 • –Portugal 0.9 • –Lebanon 0.9 • –Greece 0.9 • –Slovenia 1.0 • –Korea, Rep. 1.0 • –New Zealand 1.0 • –Finland 1.0 • –Malaysia 1.1 • –Japan 1.2 • –Maldives 1.2 • –Bahrain 1.2 • –Cyprus 1.3 • –United States 1.3 • –Sweden 1.3 • –Andorra 1.4 • –Malta 1.5 • –

Brunei Darussalam 1.5 • –Canada 1.5 • –Spain 1.5 • –Saudi Arabia 1.5 • –Denmark 1.6 • –Montenegro 1.6 • –Ireland 1.6 • –Oman 1.7 • –Germany 1.7 • –Belgium 1.8 • –United Kingdom 1.8 • –Liechtenstein 1.8 • –France 1.9 • –Austria 1.9 • –Seychelles 2.0 • –Monaco 2.0 • –Netherlands 2.1 • –Qatar 2.1 • –Iceland 2.1 • –Norway 2.4 • –Australia 2.6 • –Switzerland 2.8 • –Mauritius 3.6 • –United Arab Emirates 4.9 • –Luxembourg 7.0 • –Kuwait 7.9 • –Singapore 8.0 • –Guyana 12.4 • –San Marino 13.6 • –Comoros NA • –Dominica NA • –Equatorial Guinea NA • –Grenada NA • –Guinea-Bissau NA • –Kiribati NA • –Marshall Islands NA • –Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • –Nauru NA • –Palau NA • –Solomon Islands NA • –St. Kitts and Nevis NA • –St. Lucia NA • –St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • –Timor-Leste NA • –Tonga NA • –Tuvalu NA • –

Myanmar 0.0 • –Sudan 0.0 • –Somalia 0.0 • –South Sudan 0.0 • –Chad 0.0 • –Central African Republic 0.0 • –Eritrea 0.0 • –Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • –Belarus 0.0 • –Haiti 0.0 • –Niger 0.0 • –Burundi 0.0 • –Moldova 0.0 • –Liberia 0.0 • –Mozambique 0.0 • –Afghanistan 0.0 • –Ethiopia 0.0 • –Pakistan 0.0 • –Cameroon 0.0 • –Guinea 0.0 • –Sierra Leone 0.0 • –Mali 0.0 • –Togo 0.0 • –Madagascar 0.0 • –Tanzania 0.0 • –Benin 0.0 • –Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 • –The Gambia 0.1 • –Lao PDR 0.1 • –Burkina Faso 0.1 • –Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.1 • –Ghana 0.1 • –Uganda 0.1 • –Senegal 0.1 • –Bangladesh 0.1 • –Papua New Guinea 0.1 • –Nigeria 0.1 • –Uzbekistan 0.1 • –Cambodia 0.1 • –Nepal 0.1 • –Syrian Arab Republic 0.1 • –Yemen, Rep. 0.1 • –Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 • –Malawi 0.1 • –Zambia 0.1 • –China 0.1 • –Morocco 0.1 • –Angola 0.1 • –Azerbaijan 0.1 • –

Nicaragua 0.1 • –Bolivia 0.1 • –Zimbabwe 0.1 • –Philippines 0.1 • –Brazil 0.1 • –India 0.1 • –Tajikistan 0.1 • –Guatemala 0.1 • –Algeria 0.1 • –Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • –Rwanda 0.1 • –Venezuela, RB 0.1 • –Armenia 0.1 • –Mauritania 0.1 • –Indonesia 0.1 • –Iraq 0.2 • –Libya 0.2 • –Djibouti 0.2 • –Vietnam 0.2 • –Dominican Republic 0.2 • –Kyrgyz Republic 0.2 • –Ecuador 0.2 • –Peru 0.2 • –Congo, Rep. 0.2 • –Cuba 0.2 • –Mexico 0.2 • –Honduras 0.2 • –Ukraine 0.2 • –North Macedonia 0.2 • –Colombia 0.2 • –Albania 0.2 • –Jamaica 0.2 • –Romania 0.2 • –Turkey 0.2 • –Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.3 • –Gabon 0.3 • –Cabo Verde 0.3 • –Kazakhstan 0.3 • –Sri Lanka 0.3 • –South Africa 0.3 • –Tunisia 0.3 • –Samoa 0.3 • –Georgia 0.3 • –Belize 0.3 • –Fiji 0.3 • –Argentina 0.3 • –São Tomé and Príncipe 0.3 • –Vanuatu 0.4 • –Mongolia 0.4 • –





*Imputed data point



The ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or older who were in paid employment or self-employed during a specified period. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Employment-to-population ratio (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 86.1 • LSwitzerland 79.8 • LNew Zealand 77.5 • LJapan 76.9 • LSweden 76.9 • LNetherlands 75.9 • LGermany 75.3 • LDenmark 74.2 • LEstonia 74.1 • LUnited Kingdom 74.1 • LNorway 74.0 • LCanada 73.8 • LAustralia 73.8 • LCzech Republic 73.6 • LAustria 72.2 • LUnited States 70.7 • LLithuania 70.4 • LLatvia 70.1 • L

Finland 70.0 • LSlovenia 69.3 • LIsrael 69.0 • LHungary 68.2 • LPortugal 67.8 • LIreland 67.7 • LKorea, Rep. 66.6 • LLuxembourg 66.3 • LSlovak Republic 66.2 • LPoland 66.1 • LFrance 64.7 • LBelgium 63.1 • LChile 62.6 • LMexico 61.1 • LSpain 61.1 • LItaly 58.0 • LGreece 53.5 • DTurkey 51.6 • D

The percentage of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). Education includes part-time or full-time education, but exclude those in non-formal education and in educational activities of very short duration. Employment is defined according to the ILO Guidelines and covers all those who have been in paid work for at least one hour in the reference week or were temporarily absent from such work.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 4.9 • LNetherlands 7.5 • LLuxembourg 7.7 • LSweden 8.0 • LSwitzerland 8.4 • ••Norway 8.8 • LGermany 9.3 • LJapan 9.8 • LAustria 10.8 • 5Czech Republic 10.9 • LSlovenia 10.9 • 5Australia 10.9 • LNew Zealand 11.2 • LLithuania 11.2 • LEstonia 11.8 • LDenmark 11.8 • 5Canada 12.2 • LUnited Kingdom 12.2 • L

Portugal 12.4 • LFinland 12.6 • 5Ireland 13.1 • LBelgium 13.2 • LPoland 13.3 • LUnited States 13.3 • LIsrael 13.6 • LLatvia 13.9 • LHungary 14.0 • LSlovak Republic 16.2 • DFrance 16.5 • 5Chile 18.0 • 5Spain 19.9 • LMexico 21.2 • 5Greece 22.8 • DItaly 25.1 • pTurkey 27.2 • DKorea, Rep. NA • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the total population who used the internet from any location in the last three months. Access could be via a fixed or mobile network.Source: ITU (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Population using the internet (%)

Tunisia 55.5 • DChina 54.3 • LThailand 52.9 • LUzbekistan 52.3 • LSt. Lucia 50.8 • DGabon 50.3 • LFiji 50.0 • LVietnam 49.6 • DIraq 49.4 • DTuvalu 49.3 • LCuba 49.1 • LSuriname 48.9 • DJamaica 48.8 • DPeru 48.7 • DBhutan 48.1 • LAlgeria 47.7 • LBelize 47.1 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 45.0 • DCôte d’Ivoire 43.8 • LBolivia 43.8 • DBotswana 41.4 • LTonga 41.2 • DGuatemala 40.7 • LMarshall Islands 38.7 • DKyrgyz Republic 38.2 • DGhana 37.9 • LGuyana 37.3 • 5Namibia 36.8 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 35.3 • DIndia 34.5 • DSyrian Arab Republic 34.3 • DSri Lanka 34.1 • DCambodia 34.0 • LSamoa 33.6 • DIndonesia 32.3 • DHonduras 32.1 • DEl Salvador 31.3 • DSudan 30.9 • DMyanmar 30.7 • DEswatini 30.3 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 29.9 • 5Lesotho 29.8 • DSenegal 29.6 • DNicaragua 27.9 • DZambia 27.9 • DNigeria 27.7 • DTimor-Leste 27.5 • DZimbabwe 27.1 • DPalau 27.0 • ••

Yemen, Rep. 26.7 • 5Equatorial Guinea 26.2 • DVanuatu 25.7 • DLao PDR 25.5 • DMongolia 23.7 • 5Uganda 23.7 • 5Cameroon 23.2 • DTajikistan 22.0 • 5Rwanda 21.8 • DLibya 21.8 • 5Nepal 21.4 • 5Turkmenistan 21.3 • DMauritania 20.8 • DMozambique 20.8 • DThe Gambia 19.8 • 5Ethiopia 18.6 • DBangladesh 18.0 • DKenya 17.8 • 5Tanzania 16.0 • 5Burkina Faso 15.9 • 5Pakistan 15.5 • 5Kiribati 14.6 • 5Angola 14.3 • 5Benin 14.1 • 5Malawi 13.8 • 5Sierra Leone 13.2 • 5Mali 12.7 • 5Togo 12.4 • 5Haiti 12.3 • 5Solomon Islands 11.9 • 5Afghanistan 11.4 • 5Guinea 11.4 • 5Papua New Guinea 11.2 • 5Niger 10.2 • 5Madagascar 9.8 • 5Congo, Rep. 8.7 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 8.6 • 5Comoros 8.5 • 5Liberia 8.0 • 5South Sudan 8.0 • ••Chad 6.5 • 5Burundi 5.6 • 5Central African Republic 4.3 • 5Guinea-Bissau 3.9 • 5Somalia 2.0 • 5Eritrea 1.3 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••

Andorra 98.9 • LIceland 98.3 • LLiechtenstein 98.1 • LKuwait 98.0 • LLuxembourg 97.8 • LDenmark 97.1 • LMonaco 97.1 • LNorway 96.5 • LSweden 96.4 • LQatar 95.9 • LBahrain 95.9 • LKorea, Rep. 95.1 • LBrunei Darussalam 94.9 • LUnited Arab Emirates 94.8 • LUnited Kingdom 94.6 • LSwitzerland 93.7 • LNetherlands 93.2 • LCanada 92.7 • LJapan 90.9 • LNew Zealand 90.8 • LEstonia 88.1 • LAustria 87.9 • LBelgium 87.7 • LFinland 87.5 • LAustralia 86.5 • LThe Bahamas 85.0 • LSpain 84.6 • LIreland 84.5 • LSingapore 84.4 • LGermany 84.4 • LChile 82.3 • LSaudi Arabia 82.1 • LBarbados 81.8 • LSlovak Republic 81.6 • LIsrael 81.6 • LLatvia 81.3 • LCyprus 80.7 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 80.7 • LFrance 80.5 • LOman 80.2 • LMalaysia 80.1 • LMalta 80.1 • LAzerbaijan 79.0 • LSlovenia 78.9 • LCzech Republic 78.7 • LLebanon 78.2 • LLithuania 77.6 • LTrinidad and Tobago 77.3 • LHungary 76.8 • L

Kazakhstan 76.4 • LNorth Macedonia 76.3 • LMoldova 76.1 • LRussian Federation 76.0 • LAntigua and Barbuda 76.0 • LPoland 76.0 • LArgentina 75.8 • LUnited States 75.2 • LBelarus 74.4 • LPortugal 73.8 • LAlbania 71.8 • LCosta Rica 71.6 • LMontenegro 71.3 • LSerbia 70.3 • LGreece 69.9 • LArmenia 69.7 • LDominica 69.6 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 69.5 • LUruguay 68.3 • LBrazil 67.5 • LCroatia 67.1 • LJordan 66.8 • L


Dominican Republic 65.0 • LTurkey 64.7 • LVenezuela, RB 64.3 • LMexico 63.9 • LRomania 63.7 • LBulgaria 63.4 • LMaldives 63.2 • LColombia 62.3 • LMorocco 61.8 • LItaly 61.3 • DParaguay 61.1 • LGeorgia 60.5 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 60.4 • LSan Marino 60.2 • DPhilippines 60.1 • LGrenada 59.1 • LSeychelles 58.8 • LPanama 57.9 • DEcuador 57.3 • LCabo Verde 57.2 • LUkraine 57.1 • LNauru 57.0 • 5South Africa 56.2 • LDjibouti 55.7 • 5Mauritius 55.6 • L



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the total population who used the internet from any location in the last three months via a mobile network.Source: ITU (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants)

Azerbaijan 56.8 • LEl Salvador 56.1 • LNamibia 55.8 • LFiji 55.7 • LAndorra 55.6 • LCôte d’Ivoire 53.9 • LEcuador 53.0 • L


Nepal 52.4 • LTogo 51.5 • DDominican Republic 51.3 • LLebanon 51.3 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 50.1 • LVenezuela, RB 49.2 • LLesotho 49.0 • LJamaica 48.9 • LColombia 48.8 • LBelize 47.9 • LParaguay 47.9 • LAntigua and Barbuda 47.1 • LVietnam 46.9 • LSuriname 46.9 • LTrinidad and Tobago 46.1 • LBarbados 45.4 • LVanuatu 45.4 • DZambia 45.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 43.4 • LUkraine 41.7 • DZimbabwe 41.3 • LIraq 41.0 • DSt. Lucia 40.8 • LLao PDR 40.0 • LComoros 37.8 • 5Libya 36.9 • ••Nauru 35.2 • LRwanda 35.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 34.3 • LKenya 34.1 • LTimor-Leste 33.6 • LKiribati 32.2 • 5Bangladesh 30.7 • LMali 30.6 • DSudan 30.5 • 5Nicaragua 30.4 • DMauritania 30.3 • LBurkina Faso 28.8 • DHaiti 28.2 • 5The Gambia 27.0 • D

Senegal 26.9 • LGuyana 26.3 • 5Samoa 26.0 • DIndia 25.8 • DMozambique 25.7 • LSierra Leone 25.6 • DMalawi 25.5 • DPakistan 24.7 • DGuinea 24.6 • LHonduras 24.5 • DUganda 23.4 • DTajikistan 22.7 • ••Chad 22.6 • 5Sri Lanka 22.4 • DNigeria 19.9 • DDjibouti 19.5 • 5Solomon Islands 18.7 • 5Cameroon 17.7 • 5Guatemala 16.5 • 5Congo, Rep. 16.2 • DAfghanistan 16.0 • DTurkmenistan 15.3 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 14.9 • DAngola 14.6 • DEthiopia 14.1 • 5Eswatini 13.1 • DMadagascar 13.0 • 5Burundi 12.6 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 12.5 • DBenin 12.0 • 5Liberia 11.6 • 5Papua New Guinea 11.1 • 5Tanzania 8.7 • 5Guinea-Bissau 8.5 • 5Yemen, Rep. 5.9 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.9 • DCentral African Republic 4.7 • 5Niger 4.0 • 5South Sudan 3.8 • 5Somalia 2.4 • 5Equatorial Guinea 0.0 • 5Cuba 0.0 • 5Eritrea 0.0 • 5Marshall Islands 0.0 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • 5Palau 0.0 • ••Tuvalu 0.0 • 5

United Arab Emirates 243.4 • LJapan 180.9 • LPoland 154.1 • LFinland 153.8 • LSingapore 146.8 • LBahrain 146.0 • LAustralia 134.9 • LEstonia 133.4 • LUnited States 132.9 • LSan Marino 131.7 • LDenmark 129.0 • LKuwait 127.3 • LQatar 127.2 • LBrunei Darussalam 126.6 • LLiechtenstein 125.8 • LSweden 122.5 • LLatvia 116.1 • LIceland 113.3 • LKorea, Rep. 112.8 • LUruguay 112.1 • LNorway 111.7 • LMalaysia 111.5 • LCyprus 106.4 • LIsrael 105.1 • LIreland 102.0 • LNew Zealand 101.6 • LJordan 100.0 • LThailand 99.0 • LSwitzerland 98.6 • LIndonesia 98.3 • LCosta Rica 97.6 • LMaldives 94.6 • LSpain 94.1 • LOman 93.9 • LBulgaria 91.6 • LNetherlands 90.8 • LBrazil 90.2 • LSaudi Arabia 90.0 • LMyanmar 89.9 • LGrenada 89.2 • LChile 88.2 • LAustria 88.1 • LLuxembourg 88.1 • LUnited Kingdom 88.1 • LItaly 87.9 • LFrance 87.5 • LBhutan 87.4 • LSt. Kitts and Nevis 84.9 • LMonaco 84.9 • L

Gabon 84.1 • LMalta 84.0 • LChina 83.6 • LRomania 82.9 • LRussian Federation 82.7 • LSlovak Republic 82.6 • LCzech Republic 82.0 • LGhana 81.7 • LThe Bahamas 81.6 • LMongolia 80.8 • LArgentina 80.0 • LLithuania 79.8 • LGermany 79.8 • LCroatia 79.7 • LAlgeria 78.4 • LSerbia 77.0 • LKazakhstan 76.6 • LBolivia 76.5 • LBelarus 76.2 • LSeychelles 76.0 • LBelgium 75.1 • LKyrgyz Republic 73.7 • LCanada 72.2 • LDominica 70.5 • LTurkey 70.5 • LSlovenia 70.0 • LSouth Africa 70.0 • LCabo Verde 69.9 • LAlbania 69.3 • LPortugal 68.9 • LPhilippines 68.6 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 68.2 • LBotswana 66.9 • LCambodia 66.9 • LGeorgia 66.7 • LMontenegro 66.5 • LTunisia 65.0 • LArmenia 64.3 • LPeru 64.2 • LGreece 63.4 • LHungary 63.2 • LMexico 62.8 • LNorth Macedonia 60.8 • LPanama 60.7 • LMoldova 60.0 • LUzbekistan 59.4 • LTonga 59.2 • LMauritius 59.0 • LMorocco 58.3 • L



*Imputed data point



Survey-based average assessment of the quality of trade and transport related infrastructure, e.g. ports, roads, railroads and information technology, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best).Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (1 = low to 5 = high)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.4 • pThe Bahamas 2.4 • pFiji 2.4 • 5Bangladesh 2.4 • pTrinidad and Tobago 2.4 • ••Georgia 2.4 • pKyrgyz Republic 2.4 • pChad 2.4 • 5Dominican Republic 2.4 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.3 • pJamaica 2.3 • pZambia 2.3 • LMali 2.3 • DAlbania 2.3 • pPeru 2.3 • pMauritania 2.3 • pComoros 2.3 • LEl Salvador 2.2 • pLibya 2.2 • DMozambique 2.2 • DTogo 2.2 • pTurkmenistan 2.2 • 5Senegal 2.2 • pUkraine 2.2 • pSolomon Islands 2.2 • DPakistan 2.2 • 5Guatemala 2.2 • pNepal 2.2 • LUganda 2.2 • LSudan 2.2 • DMalawi 2.2 • ••Tajikistan 2.2 • 5Madagascar 2.2 • pBolivia 2.2 • pCambodia 2.1 • DEthiopia 2.1 • pYemen, Rep. 2.1 • ••Tunisia 2.1 • pVenezuela, RB 2.1 • DMongolia 2.1 • pGabon 2.1 • 5Guyana 2.1 • 5Congo, Rep. 2.1 • LCuba 2.0 • DIraq 2.0 • pMoldova 2.0 • pNiger 2.0 • pMyanmar 2.0 • DPapua New Guinea 2.0 • D

Lesotho 2.0 • pBurundi 2.0 • DHaiti 1.9 • pCentral African Republic 1.9 • ••Liberia 1.9 • pBhutan 1.9 • pEquatorial Guinea 1.9 • ••Eritrea 1.9 • DAngola 1.9 • pZimbabwe 1.8 • 5The Gambia 1.8 • ••Sierra Leone 1.8 • pSomalia 1.8 • 5Afghanistan 1.8 • pGuinea-Bissau 1.8 • pGuinea 1.6 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Romania NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Germany 4.4 • LJapan 4.2 • LSweden 4.2 • LNetherlands 4.2 • LAustria 4.2 • LSingapore 4.1 • LUnited States 4.0 • LUnited Kingdom 4.0 • LSwitzerland 4.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 4.0 • LFinland 4.0 • LFrance 4.0 • LNew Zealand 4.0 • LBelgium 4.0 • LAustralia 4.0 • LDenmark 4.0 • LItaly 3.9 • LSpain 3.8 • LChina 3.8 • LCanada 3.8 • LKorea, Rep. 3.7 • LNorway 3.7 • LLuxembourg 3.6 • LCzech Republic 3.5 • LQatar 3.4 • LIsrael 3.3 • LIreland 3.3 • LHungary 3.3 • LSlovenia 3.3 • LPortugal 3.2 • LTurkey 3.2 • LChile 3.2 • LPoland 3.2 • LSouth Africa 3.2 • LIceland 3.2 • LGreece 3.2 • LOman 3.2 • LMalaysia 3.1 • LThailand 3.1 • LPanama 3.1 • LSaudi Arabia 3.1 • LEstonia 3.1 • LKuwait 3.0 • LCroatia 3.0 • LVietnam 3.0 • LSlovak Republic 3.0 • LLatvia 3.0 • LBotswana 3.0 • LBrazil 2.9 • L

India 2.9 • LMalta 2.9 • pIndonesia 2.9 • DCyprus 2.9 • LCôte d’Ivoire 2.9 • DMexico 2.8 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.8 • LTanzania 2.8 • LMauritius 2.8 • ••Djibouti 2.8 • LRussian Federation 2.8 • pArgentina 2.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 2.8 • LNamibia 2.8 • DBulgaria 2.8 • pRwanda 2.8 • LLithuania 2.7 • LPhilippines 2.7 • pBahrain 2.7 • LEcuador 2.7 • pJordan 2.7 • LMaldives 2.7 • DAzerbaijan 2.7 • ••Colombia 2.7 • pLebanon 2.6 • LSerbia 2.6 • pMontenegro 2.6 • pCameroon 2.6 • pUzbekistan 2.6 • DNigeria 2.6 • DKenya 2.6 • LParaguay 2.5 • 5Kazakhstan 2.5 • LSyrian Arab Republic 2.5 • pNicaragua 2.5 • DBenin 2.5 • pCosta Rica 2.5 • pSri Lanka 2.5 • ••Armenia 2.5 • pNorth Macedonia 2.5 • pHonduras 2.5 • pBrunei Darussalam 2.5 • ••Ghana 2.4 • LLao PDR 2.4 • pBelarus 2.4 • pMorocco 2.4 • pUruguay 2.4 • pBurkina Faso 2.4 • LAlgeria 2.4 • L



*Imputed data point



The average score of the top three universities in each country that are listed in the global top 1,000 universities in the world, expressed as 0-100. For countries with fewer than three universities on the list, only the scores of the ranked universities were taken into account. Whenever a university score was missing in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking, the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) University Ranking 2018 (Cornell et al., 2018) was used as a source when available.Source: Times Higher Education (2018) Year of reference: 2019 (or closest available)

The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking, average score of top 3 universities (0–100)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0* • ••Botswana 0.0* • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.0* • ••Burkina Faso 0.0* • ••Burundi 0.0* • ••Cabo Verde 0.0* • ••Cambodia 0.0* • ••Cameroon 0.0* • ••Central African Republic 0.0* • ••Chad 0.0* • ••Comoros 0.0* • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.0* • ••Congo, Rep. 0.0* • ••Cote d'Ivoire 0.0* • ••Cuba 0.0* • ••Djibouti 0.0* • ••Dominica 0.0* • ••Dominican Republic 0.0* • ••Ecuador 0.0* • ••El Salvador 0.0* • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.0* • ••Eritrea 0.0* • ••Eswatini 0.0* • ••Ethiopia 0.0* • ••Fiji 0.0* • ••Gabon 0.0* • ••The Gambia 0.0* • ••Grenada 0.0* • ••Guatemala 0.0* • ••Guinea 0.0* • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0* • ••Guyana 0.0* • ••Haiti 0.0* • ••Honduras 0.0* • ••Kiribati 0.0* • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0* • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.0* • ••Lao PDR 0.0* • ••Lesotho 0.0* • ••Liberia 0.0* • ••Libya 0.0* • ••Liechtenstein 0.0* • ••Madagascar 0.0* • ••Malawi 0.0* • ••Maldives 0.0* • ••Mali 0.0* • ••Malta 0.0* • ••Marshall Islands 0.0* • ••Mauritania 0.0* • ••

Mauritius 0.0* • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0* • ••Moldova 0.0* • ••Monaco 0.0* • ••Mongolia 0.0* • ••Montenegro 0.0* • ••Mozambique 0.0* • ••Myanmar 0.0* • ••Namibia 0.0* • ••Nauru 0.0* • ••Nicaragua 0.0* • ••Niger 0.0* • ••North Macedonia 0.0* • ••Palau 0.0* • ••Panama 0.0* • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0* • ••Paraguay 0.0* • ••Rwanda 0.0* • ••Samoa 0.0* • ••San Marino 0.0* • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0* • ••Senegal 0.0* • ••Seychelles 0.0* • ••Sierra Leone 0.0* • ••Solomon Islands 0.0* • ••Somalia 0.0* • ••South Sudan 0.0* • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0* • ••St. Lucia 0.0* • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0* • ••Sudan 0.0* • ••Suriname 0.0* • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0* • ••Tajikistan 0.0* • ••Timor-Leste 0.0* • ••Togo 0.0* • ••Tonga 0.0* • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.0* • ••Turkmenistan 0.0* • ••Tuvalu 0.0* • ••Uzbekistan 0.0* • ••Vanuatu 0.0* • ••Vietnam 0.0* • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0* • ••Zambia 0.0* • ••Zimbabwe 0.0* • ••

United States 94.3 • ••United Kingdom 93.7 • ••Canada 77.9 • ••Singapore 77.3 • ••Switzerland 76.4 • ••Germany 75.1 • ••China 75.0 • ••Australia 73.1 • ••Netherlands 68.5 • ••Sweden 66.9 • ••France 66.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 64.3 • ••Japan 63.1 • ••Belgium 63.0 • ••Denmark 58.2 • ••Finland 56.1 • ••Italy 55.8 • ••Spain 55.7 • ••Ireland 53.9 • ••Austria 53.4 • ••Norway 51.7 • ••Luxembourg 51.3 • ••South Africa 51.0 • ••Israel 49.2 • ••New Zealand 49.2 • ••Russian Federation 48.7 • ••Iceland 46.5 • ••Cyprus 44.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 43.9 • ••India 43.4 • ••Qatar 39.4 • ••Turkey 39.1 • ••Brazil 39.0 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 37.8 • ••Estonia 37.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 36.8 • ••Malaysia 36.7 • ••Portugal 36.6 • ••Chile 36.1 • ••Greece 35.9 • ••Jamaica 35.3 • ••Uganda 35.3 • ••Lebanon 34.5 • ••Czech Republic 32.9 • ••Hungary 32.9 • ••Costa Rica 29.7 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 29.7 • ••Colombia 29.1 • ••Peru 28.9 • ••

Philippines 28.9 • ••Mexico 27.3 • ••Poland 27.3 • ••Jordan 26.5 • ••Croatia 26.1 • ••Slovenia 26.1 • ••Pakistan 24.9 • ••Thailand 24.9 • ••Nigeria 24.6 • ••Ghana 22.5 • ••Iraq 22.5 • ••Kuwait 22.5 • ••Latvia 22.5 • ••Morocco 22.5 • ••Nepal 22.5 • ••Oman 22.5 • ••Romania 22.5 • ••Serbia 22.5 • ••Indonesia 22.2 • ••Algeria 19.8 • ••Argentina 19.8 • ••Kazakhstan 18.4 • ••Lithuania 18.4 • ••Slovak Republic 17.1 • ••Tunisia 17.1 • ••Belarus 14.4 • ••Bulgaria 14.4 • ••Georgia 14.4 • ••Kenya 14.4 • ••Sri Lanka 14.4 • ••Tanzania 14.4 • ••Ukraine 14.4 • ••Venezuela, RB 14.4 • ••Bahrain 14.2* • ••Uruguay 14.0* • ••Azerbaijan 10.4* • ••Bangladesh 5.5* • ••Afghanistan 0.0* • ••Albania 0.0* • ••Andorra 0.0* • ••Angola 0.0* • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.0* • ••Armenia 0.0* • ••The Bahamas 0.0* • ••Barbados 0.0* • ••Belize 0.0* • ••Benin 0.0* • ••Bhutan 0.0* • ••Bolivia 0.0* • ••



*Imputed data point



The number of scientific and technical journal articles published that are covered by the Science Citation Index (SCI) or the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles are counted and assigned to a country based on the institutional address(es) listed in the article. The data are reported per capita.Source: National Science Foundation (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Number of scientific and technical journal articles (per 1,000 population)

Sri Lanka 0.0 • 5Azerbaijan 0.0 • pPakistan 0.0 • 5Jamaica 0.0 • pNamibia 0.0 • 5Panama 0.0 • 5Suriname 0.0 • 5Mongolia 0.0 • pThe Bahamas 0.0 • 5Tuvalu 0.0 • 5Ghana 0.0 • 5Iraq 0.0 • 5Peru 0.0 • 5Vietnam 0.0 • 5Gabon 0.0 • pIndonesia 0.0 • 5Cameroon 0.0 • 5Samoa 0.0 • pVenezuela, RB 0.0 • pSt. Lucia 0.0 • pMarshall Islands 0.0 • pSolomon Islands 0.0 • 5Eswatini 0.0 • pSenegal 0.0 • 5The Gambia 0.0 • 5Libya 0.0 • 5


Nigeria 0.0 • pKenya 0.0 • 5Kiribati 0.0 • 5Nepal 0.0 • 5Zimbabwe 0.0 • 5Guyana 0.0 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 • 5Tonga 0.0 • pBangladesh 0.0 • 5Benin 0.0 • 5Philippines 0.0 • 5Congo, Rep. 0.0 • 5Cabo Verde 0.0 • 5Belize 0.0 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • 5Paraguay 0.0 • 5Uganda 0.0 • 5Lao PDR 0.0 • 5Burkina Faso 0.0 • 5Maldives 0.0 • pUzbekistan 0.0 • p

Malawi 0.0 • 5Ethiopia 0.0 • 5Zambia 0.0 • 5Lesotho 0.0 • 5Togo 0.0 • 5Tanzania 0.0 • 5Rwanda 0.0 • 5Sudan 0.0 • 5Bolivia 0.0 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 0.0 • pCambodia 0.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.0 • 5Timor-Leste 0.0 • 5Sierra Leone 0.0 • 5Guinea-Bissau 0.0 • pCentral African Republic 0.0 • 5Equatorial Guinea 0.0 • 5Nicaragua 0.0 • 5Comoros 0.0 • 5Tajikistan 0.0 • pGuatemala 0.0 • 5Mali 0.0 • pMauritania 0.0 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0 • 5El Salvador 0.0 • 5Djibouti 0.0 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • pMadagascar 0.0 • pYemen, Rep. 0.0 • pHonduras 0.0 • 5Liberia 0.0 • 5Mozambique 0.0 • 5Guinea 0.0 • 5Dominican Republic 0.0 • 5Haiti 0.0 • 5Niger 0.0 • 5Afghanistan 0.0 • 5Myanmar 0.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • 5Eritrea 0.0 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • 5Angola 0.0 • 5Burundi 0.0 • 5Chad 0.0 • 5Turkmenistan 0.0 • pSomalia 0.0 • pSouth Sudan 0.0 • 5

Switzerland 2.5 • LDenmark 2.4 • LAustralia 2.1 • LNorway 2.0 • LSweden 2.0 • LSingapore 2.0 • LIceland 2.0 • LFinland 1.9 • LNetherlands 1.8 • LSlovenia 1.6 • LNew Zealand 1.6 • LCanada 1.6 • LCzech Republic 1.5 • LUnited Kingdom 1.5 • LIsrael 1.5 • LIreland 1.4 • LBelgium 1.4 • LLuxembourg 1.4 • LAustria 1.4 • LPortugal 1.3 • LUnited States 1.3 • LGermany 1.3 • LKorea, Rep. 1.2 • LItaly 1.2 • LSpain 1.1 • LEstonia 1.1 • LFrance 1.1 • LMonaco 1.0 • LSlovak Republic 1.0 • LCroatia 1.0 • LGreece 1.0 • LLiechtenstein 0.9 • LPoland 0.9 • LCyprus 0.8 • LJapan 0.8 • LLithuania 0.8 • LMalta 0.7 • LMalaysia 0.7 • LLatvia 0.6 • LHungary 0.6 • LSerbia 0.6 • LRomania 0.5 • LBrunei Darussalam 0.5 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.5 • LQatar 0.5 • LTunisia 0.5 • LTurkey 0.4 • LRussian Federation 0.4 • LMontenegro 0.4 • L

St. Kitts and Nevis 0.4 • LChile 0.4 • LBulgaria 0.4 • 5Grenada 0.3 • DChina 0.3 • DSaudi Arabia 0.3 • LBrazil 0.3 • 5United Arab Emirates 0.2 • DUruguay 0.2 • DLebanon 0.2 • 5North Macedonia 0.2 • 5San Marino 0.2 • LSouth Africa 0.2 • 5Argentina 0.2 • 5Kuwait 0.2 • pOman 0.2 • pArmenia 0.2 • pJordan 0.2 • pFiji 0.2 • DBarbados 0.2 • 5Ukraine 0.2 • 5Bahrain 0.1 • 5Georgia 0.1 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • pPalau 0.1 • 5Thailand 0.1 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 • pSeychelles 0.1 • 5Colombia 0.1 • 5Mauritius 0.1 • DMorocco 0.1 • 5Mexico 0.1 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.1 • 5Algeria 0.1 • 5Dominica 0.1 • 5Andorra 0.1 • DBotswana 0.1 • 5Belarus 0.1 • pCuba 0.1 • pKazakhstan 0.1 • 5India 0.1 • 5Costa Rica 0.1 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 • 5Moldova 0.1 • 5Ecuador 0.1 • 5Albania 0.1 • 5Nauru 0.1 • pBhutan 0.1 • 5Vanuatu 0.0 • 5




*Imputed data point



Gross domestic expenditure on scientific research and experimental development (R&D) expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We assumed zero R&D expenditure for low-income countries that did not report any data for this variable. Source: UNESCO (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Research and development expenditure (% GDP)

The Gambia 0.1 • ••El Salvador 0.1 • 5Paraguay 0.1 • 5Cambodia 0.1 • ••Nicaragua 0.1 • 5Bahrain 0.1 • ••Sri Lanka 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.1 • ••Cabo Verde 0.1 • ••Algeria 0.1 • ••Panama 0.1 • ••Lesotho 0.0 • 5Lao PDR 0.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • 5Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Guatemala 0.0 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Honduras 0.0 • ••Madagascar 0.0 • pAfghanistan 0.0* • ••Benin 0.0* • ••Burundi 0.0* • ••Central African Republic 0.0* • ••Comoros 0.0* • ••Eritrea 0.0* • ••Guinea 0.0* • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0* • ••Haiti 0.0* • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0* • ••Liberia 0.0* • ••Malawi 0.0* • ••Niger 0.0* • ••Rwanda 0.0* • ••Sierra Leone 0.0* • ••Somalia 0.0* • ••South Sudan 0.0* • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0* • ••Tajikistan 0.0* • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0* • ••Zimbabwe 0.0* • ••Andorra NA • ••Angola NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Barbados NA • ••

Belarus NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••Congo, Rep. NA • ••Côte d’Ivoire NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gabon NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Peru NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Israel 4.3 • LKorea, Rep. 4.2 • LSwitzerland 3.4 • LSweden 3.3 • LJapan 3.1 • LAustria 3.1 • LGermany 2.9 • LDenmark 2.9 • LFinland 2.7 • LUnited States 2.7 • LBelgium 2.5 • LFrance 2.2 • LSingapore 2.2 • ••China 2.1 • LIceland 2.1 • LNetherlands 2.0 • LNorway 2.0 • LSlovenia 2.0 • LAustralia 1.9 • LUnited Kingdom 1.7 • LCzech Republic 1.7 • LCanada 1.6 • LMalaysia 1.3 • LItaly 1.3 • DEstonia 1.3 • pNew Zealand 1.3 • DBrazil 1.3 • LPortugal 1.3 • pLuxembourg 1.2 • pHungary 1.2 • 5Spain 1.2 • pIreland 1.2 • pRussian Federation 1.1 • DGreece 1.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 1.0 • LPoland 1.0 • DSerbia 0.9 • DTurkey 0.9 • 5Croatia 0.9 • 5Lithuania 0.8 • pSouth Africa 0.8 • 5Slovak Republic 0.8 • 5Kenya 0.8 • ••Bulgaria 0.8 • DSenegal 0.8 • DMorocco 0.7 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.7 • DArgentina 0.6 • 5India 0.6 • p

Thailand 0.6 • DMalta 0.6 • pEthiopia 0.6 • ••Tunisia 0.6 • pCosta Rica 0.6 • ••Botswana 0.5 • ••Tanzania 0.5 • ••Qatar 0.5 • 5Cyprus 0.5 • 5Mexico 0.5 • pUkraine 0.5 • pRomania 0.5 • pLatvia 0.4 • pEcuador 0.4 • ••Vietnam 0.4 • DKuwait 0.4 • ••North Macedonia 0.4 • DGhana 0.4 • ••Montenegro 0.4 • 5Chile 0.4 • 5Uruguay 0.4 • 5Namibia 0.3 • ••Mozambique 0.3 • pJordan 0.3 • ••Moldova 0.3 • pChad 0.3 • ••Mali 0.3 • pNepal 0.3 • ••Georgia 0.3 • ••Zambia 0.3 • ••Togo 0.3 • ••Colombia 0.3 • 5Eswatini 0.3 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.3 • ••Oman 0.2 • 5Pakistan 0.2 • pVenezuela, RB 0.2 • 5Burkina Faso 0.2 • ••Seychelles 0.2 • ••Uzbekistan 0.2 • 5Nigeria 0.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 • pMauritius 0.2 • ••Uganda 0.2 • ••Myanmar 0.2 • ••Bolivia 0.2 • ••Albania 0.2 • ••Kazakhstan 0.1 • pPhilippines 0.1 • ••


*Imputed data point





The number of researchers per thousand employed people. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Research and development researchers (per 1,000 employed)(OECD Member States)

Israel 17.4 • ••Denmark 14.9 • LSweden 14.4 • LFinland 14.3 • LKorea, Rep. 13.8 • LIreland 12.9 • LIceland 11.6 • LNorway 11.5 • LBelgium 11.5 • LAustria 10.4 • LFrance 10.1 • LJapan 10.0 • LNetherlands 9.2 • LUnited Kingdom 9.2 • LGermany 9.2 • LUnited States 9.1 • LAustralia 9.0 • ••Canada 9.0 • ••

Switzerland 8.9 • LPortugal 8.8 • LSlovenia 8.4 • LNew Zealand 7.9 • LGreece 7.2 • LCzech Republic 7.1 • LEstonia 6.9 • pSpain 6.7 • pSlovak Republic 6.1 • pLuxembourg 6.0 • pHungary 5.8 • 5Poland 5.2 • LItaly 5.1 • DTurkey 3.7 • 5Latvia 3.6 • pChile 1.1 • 5Mexico 0.8 • ••Lithuania NA • ••

Number of triadic patent families filed per million population. A triadic patent family is defined as a set of patents registered in various countries (i.e. patent offices) to protect the same invention. Triadic patent families are a set of patents filed at three of these major patent offices: the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Triadic patent families filed (per million population)(OECD Member States)

Switzerland 145.1 • LJapan 135.7 • LNetherlands 68.9 • LSweden 67.4 • LIsrael 57.4 • LGermany 54.5 • LKorea, Rep. 53.4 • LAustria 53.3 • LFinland 53.0 • LDenmark 52.2 • LUnited States 46.5 • LFrance 40.0 • LBelgium 39.7 • LLuxembourg 35.3 • LNew Zealand 28.2 • LUnited Kingdom 27.7 • LIreland 22.1 • LNorway 17.5 • p

Canada 14.9 • pAustralia 14.2 • pItaly 13.1 • DEstonia 7.4 • DIceland 5.9 • pSpain 4.9 • 5Slovenia 4.9 • 5Czech Republic 3.6 • 5Hungary 3.4 • pPortugal 2.8 • 5Greece 2.7 • 5Poland 2.6 • 5Lithuania 1.8 • 5Slovak Republic 1.7 • pLatvia 1.2 • pChile 0.7 • pTurkey 0.6 • 5Mexico 0.1 • 5



*Imputed data point





The difference in the percentage of household internet access between top and bottom income quartiles.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Gap in internet access by income (%)(OECD Member States)

Switzerland 0.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 2.0 • LNetherlands 2.6 • LNorway 4.8 • LIceland 4.9 • LChile 7.5 • LSweden 11.9 • pLuxembourg 13.1 • pDenmark 13.5 • pFinland 14.2 • LGermany 14.5 • LAustria 16.2 • DNew Zealand 19.0 • ••France 22.4 • LEstonia 23.1 • LIreland 25.4 • ••United States 29.1 • LBelgium 30.3 • L

Spain 30.7 • LSlovak Republic 33.8 • LSlovenia 36.5 • LUnited Kingdom 36.5 • ••Poland 36.7 • LGreece 40.0 • 5Czech Republic 40.2 • LIsrael 42.7 • ••Portugal 43.1 • LItaly 47.4 • ••Latvia 49.7 • pLithuania 50.1 • DHungary 50.2 • DCanada 52.4 • ••Australia 57.0 • ••Mexico 59.8 • ••Japan NA • ••Turkey NA • ••

Percentage of women tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering from total tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Women in science and engineering (%)(OECD Member States)

Poland 41.0 • ••Portugal 38.1 • ••United Kingdom 35.3 • ••Estonia 35.0 • ••Slovak Republic 33.9 • ••Czech Republic 32.2 • ••Slovenia 31.1 • ••Turkey 30.7 • ••Sweden 30.0 • ••Lithuania 29.7 • ••France 29.2 • ••Mexico 29.2 • ••Hungary 29.2 • ••United States 28.6 • ••Denmark 27.8 • ••Canada 27.7 • ••Australia 27.6 • ••Spain 27.1 • ••

Latvia 27.0 • ••New Zealand 26.7 • ••Norway 26.6 • ••Netherlands 26.1 • ••Belgium 26.0 • ••Germany 24.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 24.0 • ••Austria 23.4 • ••Ireland 23.4 • ••Finland 23.0 • ••Switzerland 21.6 • ••Luxembourg 18.3 • ••Chile 16.2 • ••Greece NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Italy NA • ••Japan NA • ••



*Imputed data point



Gini coefficient adjusted for top revenues unaccounted for in household surveys. This indicator takes the average of the unadjusted Gini and the adjusted Gini.Source: Chandy, L., Seidel B., 2017 Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)

Gini coefficient adjusted for top income (1–100)

Greece 44.9 • 5Comoros 45.0 • ••Israel 45.2 • ••Uruguay 45.2 • ••Armenia 45.2 • ••Lithuania 45.4 • 5Jamaica 45.5* • ••Mozambique 45.5 • ••India 45.6 • ••North Macedonia 45.7 • ••Bolivia 45.7 • ••United States 46.1 • 5Gabon 46.3 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 46.4 • ••Nicaragua 46.5 • ••Seychelles 46.8* • ••The Gambia 47.3 • ••South Sudan 47.4 • ••Malawi 47.5 • ••Cameroon 47.7 • ••Malaysia 47.9 • ••Paraguay 47.9 • ••Peru 48.2 • ••Turkey 48.4 • 5Argentina 48.9 • ••Togo 49.0 • ••Mauritius 49.1 • ••El Salvador 49.2 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 49.7 • ••Cabo Verde 50.0 • ••Sri Lanka 50.1 • ••Kenya 50.1 • ••Benin 50.1 • ••Ecuador 50.4 • ••Philippines 50.5 • ••Indonesia 50.7 • ••Costa Rica 50.7 • ••Dominican Republic 51.4 • ••Georgia 51.4 • ••Madagascar 51.8 • ••Romania 52.4 • ••Congo, Rep. 52.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau 53.1 • ••Chile 53.3 • 5Rwanda 53.3 • ••Honduras 53.5 • ••Venezuela, RB 53.8 • ••Brazil 53.9 • ••Panama 54.0 • ••

Colombia 55.3 • ••Guatemala 55.8 • ••Central African Republic 56.2 • ••Zambia 57.1* • ••Mexico 57.8 • 5Nigeria 59.8 • ••Lesotho 62.9 • ••Botswana 63.0 • ••Eswatini 65.0 • ••Namibia 66.4 • ••South Africa 67.1 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Qatar NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••

Norway 26.7 • LSlovenia 27.5 • LSweden 27.5 • LIceland 27.8 • LUkraine 27.8 • ••Finland 28.3 • LDenmark 28.7 • LMalta 29.4* • ••Netherlands 29.4 • LIraq 29.5* • ••Belgium 29.8 • LMoldova 30.1 • ••Czech Republic 30.2 • LCambodia 30.7 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 30.8* • ••Algeria 31.5 • ••Luxembourg 31.7 • 5Austria 32.0 • 5Timor-Leste 32.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 32.3 • ••Mauritania 32.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 32.5* • ••Belarus 32.5 • ••France 32.6 • LIreland 32.9 • LLiberia 33.2 • ••Slovak Republic 33.4 • 5Germany 33.4 • 5Nepal 33.5 • ••Guinea 33.7 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 33.8 • ••Niger 34.0 • ••Switzerland 34.6 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 34.8 • ••Canada 35.0 • 5Vietnam 35.2 • ••Burkina Faso 35.3 • ••Uzbekistan 35.3* • ••Cyprus 35.5 • ••Australia 35.7 • ••Japan 35.7 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 35.8* • ••Latvia 35.9 • LBangladesh 35.9 • ••Hungary 36.2 • 5Lao PDR 36.4* • ••Fiji 36.7* • ••Yemen, Rep. 36.7* • ••Mali 36.7 • ••

Kiribati 37.0* • ••Mongolia 37.1 • ••Solomon Islands 37.1* • ••Serbia 37.3 • ••Vanuatu 37.3 • ••Estonia 37.4 • 5Tonga 37.5* • ••United Kingdom 37.7 • 5Myanmar 38.1* • ••Italy 38.2 • 5Croatia 38.2 • ••Lebanon 38.3 • ••Sierra Leone 38.4 • ••Maldives 38.4* • ••Spain 38.4 • 5Azerbaijan 38.8 • ••Bhutan 38.8 • ••Tajikistan 38.9 • ••Ethiopia 39.1* • ••Tuvalu 39.1* • ••Burundi 39.2 • ••Sudan 39.7 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 40.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 40.1* • ••Montenegro 40.7 • ••Haiti 40.9 • ••Kazakhstan 41.0 • ••Uganda 41.0 • ••Bulgaria 41.1 • ••Morocco 41.2 • ••Tunisia 41.3 • ••Tanzania 41.6 • ••Albania 41.8 • ••China 41.9 • ••Papua New Guinea 41.9* • ••Samoa 42.0* • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 42.1 • ••Thailand 42.1 • ••Ghana 42.2 • ••Pakistan 42.4 • ••Portugal 42.6 • 5Angola 42.7* • ••Zimbabwe 43.1 • ••Jordan 43.2 • ••Russian Federation 43.8 • ••Poland 43.9 • 5Chad 44.1 • ••Djibouti 44.1* • ••Senegal 44.4 • ••



*Imputed data point





The share of all income received by the 10% people with highest disposable income divided by the share of all income received by the 40% people with the lowest disposable income.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Palma ratio(OECD Member States)

Slovak Republic 0.8 • LSlovenia 0.8 • LCzech Republic 0.9 • LIceland 0.9 • LFinland 0.9 • LNorway 0.9 • LBelgium 0.9 • LDenmark 0.9 • LAustria 1.0 • LPoland 1.0 • LHungary 1.0 • pSweden 1.0 • LNetherlands 1.0 • pKorea, Rep. 1.0 • LGermany 1.1 • LFrance 1.1 • LSwitzerland 1.1 • 5Ireland 1.1 • 5

Luxembourg 1.1 • ••Canada 1.1 • 5Estonia 1.1 • DItaly 1.3 • 5Australia 1.3 • pGreece 1.3 • pPortugal 1.3 • 5Japan 1.3 • pSpain 1.3 • pIsrael 1.4 • 5Latvia 1.4 • pNew Zealand 1.4 • pUnited Kingdom 1.5 • pLithuania 1.7 • pUnited States 1.8 • 5Turkey 1.9 • 5Chile 2.5 • DMexico 2.5 • 5

The ratio of the number of people of 66 years of age or more whose income falls below the poverty line; taken as half the median household income of the total population.Source: OECD (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Elderly poverty rate (%)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 2.8 • LDenmark 3.1 • LNetherlands 3.1 • LFrance 3.4 • LSlovak Republic 4.3 • LNorway 4.4 • LCzech Republic 4.5 • LFinland 5.0 • LIreland 6.4 • LLuxembourg 7.7 • ••Greece 7.8 • LBelgium 8.2 • LHungary 8.6 • pAustria 8.7 • LPoland 9.3 • LSpain 9.4 • LPortugal 9.5 • pGermany 9.6 • p

Italy 10.3 • LCanada 10.5 • DNew Zealand 10.6 • pSweden 11.0 • pSlovenia 12.3 • LUnited Kingdom 14.2 • DChile 16.3 • pTurkey 17.0 • pIsrael 19.4 • 5Switzerland 19.5 • 5Japan 19.6 • pUnited States 22.9 • pAustralia 23.2 • LLithuania 25.1 • pMexico 25.6 • 5Latvia 32.7 • pEstonia 35.7 • pKorea, Rep. 45.7 • 5



*Imputed data point



Air pollution measured as the population-weighted mean annual concentration of PM2.5 for the urban population in a country. PM2.5 is suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and can cause severe health damage.Source: IHME (2017) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns of diameter (PM2.5) in urban areas (μg/m3)

Madagascar 22.5 • pGrenada 22.7 • DKyrgyz Republic 22.7 • DBelize 23.0 • DBarbados 23.1 • DBotswana 23.1 • 5Malawi 23.6 • 5Guatemala 24.1 • DTrinidad and Tobago 24.1 • DEl Salvador 24.5 • DSerbia 24.7 • DSuriname 24.8 • DPeru 24.8 • DKorea, Rep. 25.0 • DSouth Africa 25.1 • 5Lao PDR 25.1 • DNamibia 25.4 • 5Cambodia 25.6 • DCôte d’Ivoire 25.9 • pGuinea 26.1 • pThailand 26.3 • DZambia 27.4 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 27.7 • DLesotho 28.0 • 5Uzbekistan 28.5 • DSão Tomé and Príncipe 28.5 • pKenya 28.6 • pTanzania 29.1 • 5Vietnam 29.6 • DNorth Macedonia 29.7 • DGuinea-Bissau 29.8 • pLebanon 30.6 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 32.0 • DSomalia 32.0 • pAngola 32.4 • 5Armenia 32.5 • DMorocco 32.6 • pJordan 33.0 • 5The Gambia 34.0 • pGhana 34.7 • pCabo Verde 34.8 • pMyanmar 35.6 • DTogo 35.7 • pTunisia 37.7 • pBhutan 37.9 • DMali 38.5 • pAlgeria 38.9 • pBurundi 38.9 • pEthiopia 39.0 • p

Iran, Islamic Rep. 39.0 • pBenin 39.0 • pMongolia 40.1 • 5Senegal 40.7 • pUnited Arab Emirates 40.9 • pOman 41.1 • pBurkina Faso 42.9 • pRwanda 43.2 • pSyrian Arab Republic 43.8 • pTurkey 44.3 • pGabon 44.4 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 44.9 • pDjibouti 45.6 • pSouth Sudan 45.6 • pTajikistan 46.2 • 5Congo, Rep. 46.6 • pMauritania 47.4 • pEritrea 48.0 • pYemen, Rep. 50.5 • pUganda 50.5 • pChina 52.7 • DEquatorial Guinea 53.2 • pLibya 54.3 • pSudan 55.4 • pCentral African Republic 56.8 • pAfghanistan 56.9 • 5Pakistan 58.3 • 5Kuwait 60.7 • 5Bangladesh 60.8 • 5Iraq 61.6 • 5Chad 66.0 • pBahrain 70.8 • pNigeria 71.8 • pCameroon 72.8 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 87.0 • pSaudi Arabia 87.9 • pIndia 90.9 • 5Qatar 91.2 • pNiger 94.1 • pNepal 99.7 • 5Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Finland 5.9 • LBrunei Darussalam 5.9 • LNew Zealand 6.0 • LSweden 6.2 • LCanada 6.4 • LIceland 6.5 • LEstonia 6.7 • LNorway 7.0 • LUnited States 7.4 • LMaldives 7.8 • LPortugal 8.2 • LIreland 8.2 • LAustralia 8.6 • LUruguay 9.3 • LSpain 9.7 • LDenmark 10.0 • LMarshall Islands 10.2 • LSwitzerland 10.3 • LAndorra 10.3 • LLuxembourg 10.4 • LUnited Kingdom 10.5 • LKiribati 10.6 • LTonga 10.8 • LFiji 10.8 • LSri Lanka 11.1 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 11.3 • LPanama 11.4 • LSamoa 11.5 • LVanuatu 11.7 • LJapan 11.7 • LFrance 11.8 • LLithuania 11.9 • LSolomon Islands 11.9 • LParaguay 11.9 • LGermany 12.0 • LNetherlands 12.0 • LPapua New Guinea 12.3 • LAustria 12.5 • LBrazil 12.7 • LBelgium 12.9 • LArgentina 13.3 • LJamaica 13.4 • LLatvia 13.4 • LDominican Republic 13.7 • LKazakhstan 13.8 • LMalta 13.9 • LMauritius 14.5 • 5Romania 14.6 • LEcuador 14.9 • L

Haiti 15.0 • DCosta Rica 15.7 • LHungary 15.9 • LSlovenia 16.0 • DMalaysia 16.0 • DCzech Republic 16.1 • LRussian Federation 16.2 • DGreece 16.2 • DMoldova 16.3 • DIndonesia 16.5 • DColombia 16.5 • LItaly 16.8 • DVenezuela, RB 17.0 • LEswatini 17.2 • 5Cyprus 17.3 • DThe Bahamas 17.4 • DSlovak Republic 17.6 • LNicaragua 17.6 • LCroatia 17.9 • DLiberia 18.0 • 5Philippines 18.1 • LAlbania 18.2 • DAntigua and Barbuda 18.6 • DBelarus 18.8 • DSingapore 19.1 • 5Bulgaria 19.1 • DTimor-Leste 19.3 • DDominica 19.5 • DCuba 19.7 • DAzerbaijan 19.9 • DSeychelles 20.2 • 5Ukraine 20.3 • DComoros 20.5 • 5Honduras 20.6 • DMontenegro 20.8 • DPoland 20.9 • LMexico 20.9 • DChile 21.0 • DMozambique 21.3 • 5Israel 21.4 • DBolivia 21.6 • LSierra Leone 21.6 • pTurkmenistan 21.8 • DGeorgia 22.2 • D


22.2 • D

Zimbabwe 22.3 • 5Guyana 22.4 • DSt. Lucia 22.4 • D



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the urban population with access to improved drinking water piped on premises. An “improved” drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction and when properly used, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly fecal matter.Source: WHO and UNICEF (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Improved water source, piped (% urban population with access)

The Gambia 89.1 • DLesotho 88.8 • DMoldova 87.6 • 5Jordan 87.4 • pComoros 87.0 • DBurundi 86.9 • DGuyana 86.3 • DTonga 86.2 • pEthiopia 86.0 • 5Cuba 85.8 • 5Senegal 85.6 • pThailand 83.9 • DDominican Republic 83.7 • pUkraine 83.5 • pCongo, Rep. 82.6 • 5Algeria 81.9 • pMalawi 80.6 • 5United Arab Emirates 80.4 • ••Mali 79.1 • DTurkmenistan 78.7 • pVietnam 78.4 • LSuriname 77.4 • pSamoa 76.6 • pYemen, Rep. 75.9 • DBurkina Faso 75.8 • pSri Lanka 75.4 • pLao PDR 72.9 • LSolomon Islands 72.6 • 5Rwanda 72.6 • 5Cambodia 71.8 • LMozambique 71.7 • DKiribati 71.0 • 5Zimbabwe 71.0 • pPapua New Guinea 70.9 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 70.2 • 5Eritrea 69.0 • 5India 68.7 • pNauru 68.4 • 5Madagascar 68.3 • 5Sudan 67.1 • DZambia 66.3 • pTimor-Leste 66.0 • DGuinea 65.5 • pMauritania 63.0 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 62.7 • 5Somalia 62.0 • DCameroon 61.5 • pKenya 61.4 • pNepal 60.0 • p

Tanzania 58.9 • pPhilippines 58.8 • pBenin 56.6 • pVanuatu 56.2 • pUganda 56.0 • pPakistan 55.4 • pAngola 54.9 • DChad 53.0 • pMyanmar 51.9 • DTogo 48.1 • pEquatorial Guinea 48.1 • 5Sierra Leone 43.4 • pCentral African Republic 42.9 • pGhana 42.2 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 41.9 • ••Bangladesh 37.9 • 5Guinea-Bissau 35.6 • pMongolia 34.8 • pAfghanistan 30.5 • 5Indonesia 25.3 • pHaiti 25.0 • pMarshall Islands 15.1 • 5Nigeria 13.5 • pSouth Sudan 12.1 • 5Liberia 7.4 • pAntigua and Barbuda NA • ••Austria NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Canada NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Japan NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Qatar NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • LBelgium 100.0 • LChile 100.0 • LCyprus 100.0 • LDenmark 100.0 • LFinland 100.0 • LFrance 100.0 • LGermany 100.0 • LGreece 100.0 • LHungary 100.0 • LIceland 100.0 • LIsrael 100.0 • LItaly 100.0 • LLuxembourg 100.0 • LMalta 100.0 • LMonaco 100.0 • LNetherlands 100.0 • LNew Zealand 100.0 • LNorway 100.0 • LPortugal 100.0 • LSingapore 100.0 • LSweden 100.0 • LSwitzerland 100.0 • LUnited Kingdom 100.0 • LUzbekistan 100.0 • LPalau 99.9 • LSpain 99.9 • LMauritius 99.9 • LCzech Republic 99.9 • LUruguay 99.9 • LSt. Lucia 99.7 • LEstonia 99.7 • LUnited States 99.6 • LBrunei Darussalam 99.6 • LArgentina 99.6 • LTuvalu 99.6 • LCroatia 99.6 • LLithuania 99.6 • LBotswana 99.4 • LBulgaria 99.3 • LSlovenia 99.3 • LCosta Rica 99.2 • LArmenia 99.1 • LBhutan 99.0 • LBrazil 99.0 • LIreland 98.8 • LPoland 98.8 • LTurkey 98.6 • LSouth Africa 98.6 • L

Malaysia 98.5 • LNorth Macedonia 98.3 • LKyrgyz Republic 97.9 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 97.9 • pMexico 97.8 • LPanama 97.7 • LCabo Verde 97.5 • LSlovak Republic 97.2 • 5Serbia 97.1 • 5Namibia 97.1 • 5Fiji 97.0 • 5Georgia 97.0 • LEcuador 96.3 • LRussian Federation 96.3 • LBelarus 96.2 • DTunisia 96.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 96.1 • 5Honduras 96.0 • LLatvia 96.0 • LDjibouti 96.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 95.9 • LColombia 95.5 • 5Nicaragua 95.3 • LParaguay 94.9 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 94.8 • 5Gabon 94.5 • 5Maldives 94.3 • LMorocco 94.1 • 5Montenegro 94.1 • pEl Salvador 93.7 • DKorea, Dem. Rep. 93.5 • 5Belize 93.4 • LJamaica 92.9 • 5Eswatini 92.9 • LAzerbaijan 92.7 • LKazakhstan 92.6 • 5Australia 92.4 • DAlbania 92.4 • 5Oman 92.1 • LGuatemala 90.5 • 5Venezuela, RB 90.4 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 90.2 • 5Romania 90.1 • ••China 90.0 • 5Niger 89.8 • DBolivia 89.6 • 5Iraq 89.5 • 5Tajikistan 89.5 • 5Peru 89.1 • 5



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “satisfied” to the question “In the city or area where you live, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the public transportation systems?”.Source: Gallup (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Satisfaction with public transport (%)

Portugal 55.2 • LMorocco 55.1 • 5Kenya 55.0 • LBelgium 55.0 • pPoland 54.8 • ••Peru 54.1 • 5Mozambique 53.9 • DAustralia 53.5 • pKazakhstan 53.3 • pZambia 53.2 • LNicaragua 52.7 • pRwanda 52.2 • 5Lebanon 51.8 • pNorth Macedonia 51.6 • pUnited States 51.3 • pNew Zealand 51.3 • DGhana 49.8 • LCyprus 49.8 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 49.4 • DBelize 49.1 • ••Burkina Faso 48.5 • LParaguay 48.5 • LBenin 48.4 • LBrazil 48.0 • pCroatia 47.8 • pCameroon 47.2 • DChad 47.1 • LCongo, Rep. 47.1 • 5Lesotho 46.6 • pMadagascar 46.4 • LSerbia 46.4 • LUganda 46.2 • pLibya 45.7 • pThe Gambia 45.6 • ••Mali 45.3 • LAfghanistan 45.3 • pEthiopia 43.8 • DArmenia 42.7 • pItaly 42.4 • DMalawi 41.9 • DSenegal 41.4 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 41.2 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 40.8 • LYemen, Rep. 40.5 • LTunisia 39.8 • 5Burundi 39.4 • ••Guinea 39.0 • LMontenegro 38.8 • pSudan 33.3 • ••

Sierra Leone 32.9 • DAngola 32.2 • ••Gabon 30.3 • 5Haiti 30.0 • 5Venezuela, RB 28.1 • pTogo 26.3 • pCentral African Republic 25.1 • LMauritania 22.2 • pLiberia 18.2 • 5South Sudan 17.7 • pSyrian Arab Republic 15.3 • ••Cuba 7.9 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Singapore 85.3 • LSwitzerland 83.4 • LUzbekistan 82.7 • LTajikistan 81.7 • LEl Salvador 80.3 • LIndonesia 79.1 • LChina 78.6 • ••Zimbabwe 78.0 • LUnited Arab Emirates 77.5 • LThailand 77.0 • LMyanmar 76.9 • LBangladesh 76.0 • LLuxembourg 75.6 • LBhutan 75.2 • ••Cambodia 74.8 • LIndia 74.4 • LKyrgyz Republic 74.1 • LEcuador 73.9 • LGuatemala 73.4 • LSuriname 73.3 • ••Vietnam 73.3 • LGeorgia 72.9 • LOman 72.8 • ••Bahrain 72.7 • LKorea, Rep. 72.6 • LJamaica 72.2 • ••Costa Rica 72.1 • LMauritius 71.9 • LGuyana 71.8 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 71.0 • LSaudi Arabia 71.0 • LCzech Republic 70.5 • 5Netherlands 70.5 • pGermany 70.1 • pAustria 69.8 • LNepal 69.5 • LNiger 69.4 • LUnited Kingdom 68.8 • pBolivia 68.2 • LPhilippines 68.0 • pDenmark 67.3 • LPanama 67.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 66.8 • LSri Lanka 66.6 • pAzerbaijan 66.5 • LLao PDR 65.6 • ••Latvia 65.4 • pJordan 65.4 • LEstonia 65.2 • p

Spain 65.0 • pNigeria 64.8 • LQatar 64.7 • ••Sweden 64.7 • LTanzania 64.6 • LSlovenia 64.5 • LHungary 64.2 • LIceland 64.1 • LEswatini 63.6 • ••Botswana 63.5 • LFrance 62.9 • pDominican Republic 62.1 • pSomalia 62.0 • ••Kuwait 61.0 • pFinland 61.0 • 5Romania 60.8 • pDjibouti 60.8 • ••Moldova 60.7 • LHonduras 60.7 • pMexico 60.4 • LPakistan 60.2 • DRussian Federation 59.9 • DSlovak Republic 59.8 • LUkraine 59.8 • LBelarus 59.4 • pColombia 59.3 • LMalaysia 58.9 • pCanada 58.5 • pBulgaria 58.4 • pChile 58.1 • LComoros 58.0 • ••Turkey 57.8 • pArgentina 57.7 • pUruguay 57.7 • LAlgeria 57.7 • LTurkmenistan 57.5 • pIsrael 57.4 • pNorway 57.4 • 5Iraq 57.2 • LMalta 57.1 • DSouth Africa 57.1 • pAlbania 57.1 • LGreece 57.0 • DJapan 56.4 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 56.2 • ••Ireland 56.2 • pNamibia 56.2 • ••Lithuania 56.0 • DMongolia 55.5 • L



*Imputed data point



Percentage of the population living in households where the total housing costs (‘net’ of housing allowances) represent more than 40 % of disposable income (‘net’ of housing allowances).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)

Rent overburden rate (%)(OECD Member States)

Korea, Rep. 3.5 • ••Lithuania 4.7 • ••Germany 5.1 • ••Slovak Republic 5.2 • ••Latvia 5.5 • ••Slovenia 5.9 • ••Switzerland 6.3 • ••Austria 6.4 • ••Mexico 7.7 • ••Poland 8.0 • ••Estonia 8.3 • ••Finland 8.4 • ••Sweden 9.1 • ••Netherlands 9.3 • ••Belgium 9.9 • ••Australia 10.0 • ••Hungary 10.2 • ••Canada 10.2 • ••

Norway 10.6 • ••Ireland 11.1 • ••Italy 11.4 • ••Czech Republic 11.6 • ••Portugal 11.8 • ••United Kingdom 12.2 • ••France 12.4 • ••United States 15.8 • ••Japan 16.0 • ••Luxembourg 17.3 • ••Spain 17.4 • ••Denmark 18.0 • ••Iceland 19.5 • ••Chile 23.4 • ••Greece 25.6 • ••Israel NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Turkey NA • ••



*Imputed data point



The daily amount of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system, expressed in kilograms per capita. Waste from agriculture and from industries are not included.Source: World Bank (2012) Year of reference: 2012 (or closest available)

Municipal solid waste (kg/day/capita)(Non OECD Member States)

Georgia 1.7 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.7 • ••Thailand 1.8 • ••Malta 1.8 • ••Guatemala 2.0 • ••South Africa 2.0 • ••Cyprus 2.1 • ••Fiji 2.1 • ••Comoros 2.2 • ••Mauritius 2.3 • ••Maldives 2.5 • ••Grenada 2.7 • ••Belize 2.9 • ••Seychelles 3.0 • ••The Bahamas 3.3 • ••Vanuatu 3.3 • ••Tonga 3.7 • ••Solomon Islands 4.3 • ••St. Lucia 4.4 • ••Barbados 4.8 • ••Sri Lanka 5.1 • ••Guyana 5.3 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 5.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 5.5 • ••Kuwait 5.7 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Cambodia NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••

Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Ukraine NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Ghana 0.1 • ••Uruguay 0.1 • ••Nepal 0.1 • ••Mozambique 0.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.2 • ••Jamaica 0.2 • ••Paraguay 0.2 • ••Zambia 0.2 • ••Tanzania 0.3 • ••Croatia 0.3 • ••Ethiopia 0.3 • ••Kenya 0.3 • ••Bolivia 0.3 • ••India 0.3 • ••Uganda 0.3 • ••Bangladesh 0.4 • ••Myanmar 0.4 • ••Gabon 0.5 • ••Sierra Leone 0.5 • ••Angola 0.5 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.5 • ••Niger 0.5 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.5 • ••Cabo Verde 0.5 • ••Central African Republic 0.5 • ••Chad 0.5 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.5 • ••Eritrea 0.5 • ••Lesotho 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.5 • ••Mauritania 0.5 • ••Namibia 0.5 • ••Philippines 0.5 • ••Burkina Faso 0.5 • ••Eswatini 0.5 • ••Indonesia 0.5 • ••Rwanda 0.5 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Togo 0.5 • ••Congo, Rep. 0.5 • ••The Gambia 0.5 • ••Zimbabwe 0.5 • ••Benin 0.5 • ••Burundi 0.6 • ••Nigeria 0.6 • ••Mali 0.7 • ••Mongolia 0.7 • ••Armenia 0.7 • ••Lao PDR 0.7 • ••

Oman 0.7 • ••Albania 0.8 • ••Cameroon 0.8 • ••Belarus 0.8 • ••Serbia 0.8 • ••Sudan 0.8 • ••Madagascar 0.8 • ••Cuba 0.8 • ••Tunisia 0.8 • ••Pakistan 0.8 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.9 • ••Tajikistan 0.9 • ••Russian Federation 0.9 • ••Colombia 1.0 • ••Turkmenistan 1.0 • ••Haiti 1.0 • ••Peru 1.0 • ••China 1.0 • ••Botswana 1.0 • ••Brazil 1.0 • ••Jordan 1.0 • ••Romania 1.0 • ••North Macedonia 1.1 • ••Bahrain 1.1 • ••Nicaragua 1.1 • ••Ecuador 1.1 • ••El Salvador 1.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 1.1 • ••Dominican Republic 1.2 • ••Lebanon 1.2 • ••Algeria 1.2 • ••Panama 1.2 • ••Argentina 1.2 • ••Dominica 1.2 • ••Bulgaria 1.3 • ••Saudi Arabia 1.3 • ••Qatar 1.3 • ••Costa Rica 1.4 • ••Suriname 1.4 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 1.4 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 1.4 • ••Honduras 1.5 • ••Bhutan 1.5 • ••Morocco 1.5 • ••Vietnam 1.5 • ••Singapore 1.5 • ••Malaysia 1.5 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 1.6 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.7 • ••



*Imputed data point



Waste from electrical and electronic equipment that is generated, expressed in kilograms per capita. Estimated based on figures for domestic production, imports and exports of electronic products, as well as product lifespan data.Source: UNU-IAS (2017) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

E-waste generated (kg/capita)

Belarus 7.6 • ••Botswana 7.6 • ••Gabon 7.6 • ••Dominica 7.7 • ••Grenada 7.8 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 7.8 • ••Turkey 7.9 • ••Panama 8.0 • ••Kazakhstan 8.2 • ••Mexico 8.2 • ••Venezuela, RB 8.2 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 8.3 • ••Argentina 8.4 • ••Mauritius 8.6 • ••Chile 8.7 • ••Malaysia 8.8 • ••Palau 9.3 • ••St. Lucia 9.3 • ••Suriname 9.6 • ••Costa Rica 9.7 • ••Russian Federation 9.7 • ••Montenegro 10.0 • ••Uruguay 10.8 • ••Latvia 11.0 • ••Libya 11.0 • ••Bulgaria 11.1 • ••Lebanon 11.1 • ••Qatar 11.3 • ••Seychelles 11.5 • ••Romania 11.6 • ••Poland 11.9 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 12.0 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 12.1 • ••Slovak Republic 12.3 • ••Croatia 12.6 • ••Korea, Rep. 13.1 • ••The Bahamas 13.2 • ••Lithuania 13.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 13.6 • ••Barbados 13.7 • ••Hungary 13.8 • ••Israel 14.1 • ••Estonia 14.4 • ••Oman 14.9 • ••Bahrain 15.5 • ••Malta 15.5 • ••Kuwait 15.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 15.8 • ••

Czech Republic 15.9 • ••Saudi Arabia 15.9 • ••Slovenia 16.1 • ••Japan 16.9 • ••Portugal 17.3 • ••Greece 17.5 • ••Singapore 17.9 • ••Brunei Darussalam 18.3 • ••Italy 18.9 • ••Cyprus 19.1 • ••United States 19.4 • ••Ireland 19.9 • ••Canada 20.0 • ••New Zealand 20.1 • ••Spain 20.1 • ••Austria 20.9 • ••Luxembourg 20.9 • ••Finland 21.1 • ••Belgium 21.2 • ••France 21.3 • ••Sweden 21.5 • ••Switzerland 22.2 • ••Iceland 22.6 • ••Germany 22.8 • ••Australia 23.6 • ••Netherlands 23.9 • ••Denmark 24.8 • ••United Kingdom 24.9 • ••Norway 28.5 • ••Andorra NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••

Niger 0.4 • ••Burundi 0.5 • ••Central African Republic 0.5 • ••Ethiopia 0.5 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.5 • ••Madagascar 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.5 • ••Rwanda 0.5 • ••Sierra Leone 0.5 • ••Afghanistan 0.6 • ••Burkina Faso 0.6 • ••Eritrea 0.6 • ••Guinea 0.6 • ••Mozambique 0.6 • ••Uganda 0.6 • ••Benin 0.7 • ••Chad 0.7 • ••Mali 0.7 • ••Solomon Islands 0.7 • ••Cameroon 0.8 • ••Comoros 0.8 • ••Kenya 0.8 • ••Kiribati 0.8 • ••Nepal 0.8 • ••Tanzania 0.8 • ••Bangladesh 0.9 • ••Cambodia 0.9 • ••Cote d'Ivoire 0.9 • ••Djibouti 0.9 • ••Lesotho 0.9 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.9 • ••Togo 0.9 • ••Zambia 0.9 • ••Zimbabwe 0.9 • ••Lao PDR 1.0 • ••Myanmar 1.0 • ••Senegal 1.0 • ••Vanuatu 1.0 • ••Gambia, The 1.1 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 1.2 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 1.2 • ••Tuvalu 1.2 • ••Mauritania 1.3 • ••Sudan 1.3 • ••Ghana 1.4 • ••India 1.5 • ••Nigeria 1.5 • ••Vietnam 1.5 • ••Yemen, Rep. 1.5 • ••

Pakistan 1.6 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.7 • ••Moldova 1.8 • ••Nicaragua 2.2 • ••Honduras 2.3 • ••Tonga 2.4 • ••Bhutan 2.5 • ••Samoa 2.6 • ••Philippines 2.8 • ••Congo, Rep. 3.0 • ••Timor-Leste 3.0 • ••Angola 3.3 • ••Bolivia 3.3 • ••Morocco 3.7 • ••Guatemala 4.0 • ••Sri Lanka 4.5 • ••Cabo Verde 4.6 • ••Armenia 4.7 • ••Mongolia 4.7 • ••Indonesia 4.9 • ••Eswatini 5.1 • ••Fiji 5.1 • ••China 5.2 • ••Ecuador 5.5 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.5 • ••Colombia 5.6 • ••Jordan 5.6 • ••Tunisia 5.6 • ••Georgia 5.7 • ••South Africa 5.7 • ••Dominican Republic 5.8 • ••El Salvador 5.8 • ••Peru 5.8 • ••Jamaica 5.9 • ••Belize 6.0 • ••Namibia 6.0 • ••Guyana 6.1 • ••Iraq 6.1 • ••Algeria 6.2 • ••Paraguay 6.4 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.5 • ••Ukraine 6.5 • ••Azerbaijan 6.7 • ••Maldives 6.9 • ••Albania 7.1 • ••Serbia 7.1 • ••North Macedonia 7.2 • ••Brazil 7.4 • ••Thailand 7.4 • ••



*Imputed data point



SO2 emissions associated with the production of goods and services, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. The health impacts of outdoor air pollution are felt locally as well as in neighbouring regions, due to transboundary atmospheric transport of the pollutants.Source: Zhang et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available)

Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita)

Uzbekistan 7.9 • ••Qatar 7.9 • ••Brazil 8.0 • ••Slovenia 8.1 • ••Thailand 8.4 • ••Algeria 8.5 • ••Libya 8.5 • ••Panama 8.5 • ••Hungary 8.6 • ••El Salvador 8.9 • ••Malaysia 9.1 • ••Azerbaijan 9.6 • ••United Kingdom 9.7 • ••Venezuela, RB 9.8 • ••Argentina 9.8 • ••Belarus 9.9 • ••Ireland 10.9 • ••Belgium 11.2 • ••Portugal 11.4 • ••Morocco 12.2 • ••Lithuania 12.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 13.9 • ••New Zealand 14.3 • ••Korea, Rep. 14.5 • ••Botswana 15.4 • ••Mexico 16.0 • ••Croatia 16.9 • ••Tunisia 17.2 • ••Finland 17.6 • ••Slovak Republic 17.8 • ••Czech Republic 21.1 • ••Turkey 22.4 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 22.4 • ••Mongolia 24.1 • ••Spain 25.1 • ••China 25.5 • ••Bahrain 25.7 • ••Mauritius 28.1 • ••Cyprus 29.6 • ••Romania 30.9 • ••Ukraine 31.7 • ••Malta 32.1 • ••Poland 32.1 • ••Zambia 33.5 • ••Singapore 34.3 • ••United States 34.9 • ••Namibia 37.3 • ••Oman 39.3 • ••Russian Federation 39.7 • ••

Peru 40.1 • ••Greece 45.3 • ••Chile 50.0 • ••Canada 55.9 • ••Israel 56.3 • ••South Africa 57.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 57.9 • ••Australia 65.4 • ••Estonia 68.3 • ••Bulgaria 98.2 • ••Kazakhstan 155.0 • ••Kuwait 176.3 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Ethiopia 0.4 • ••Uganda 0.4 • ••Tanzania 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.6 • ••Madagascar 0.7 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.7 • ••Armenia 0.7 • ••Nigeria 0.7 • ••Mozambique 0.8 • ••Benin 0.8 • ••Burkina Faso 0.8 • ••Cabo Verde 0.8 • ••The Gambia 0.8 • ••Guinea 0.8 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.8 • ••Liberia 0.8 • ••Mali 0.8 • ••Mauritania 0.8 • ••Niger 0.8 • ••Sierra Leone 0.8 • ••Togo 0.8 • ••Angola 0.8 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.8 • ••Afghanistan 0.9 • ••Bhutan 0.9 • ••Maldives 0.9 • ••Bangladesh 0.9 • ••Central African Republic 0.9 • ••Chad 0.9 • ••Congo, Rep. 0.9 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.9 • ••Gabon 0.9 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.9 • ••Paraguay 0.9 • ••Cameroon 1.0 • ••Burundi 1.1 • ••Comoros 1.1 • ••Djibouti 1.1 • ••Eritrea 1.1 • ••Rwanda 1.1 • ••Seychelles 1.1 • ••Somalia 1.1 • ••Sudan 1.1 • ••Nepal 1.1 • ••Kenya 1.3 • ••Brunei Darussalam 1.4 • ••Myanmar 1.4 • ••Timor-Leste 1.4 • ••Georgia 1.6 • ••

Cambodia 1.6 • ••Switzerland 1.7 • ••Ghana 2.0 • ••Senegal 2.2 • ••Latvia 2.3 • ••Lao PDR 2.5 • ••Colombia 2.5 • ••Bolivia 2.5 • ••Philippines 2.9 • ••Vietnam 3.2 • ••Eswatini 3.3 • ••Lesotho 3.3 • ••Sweden 3.7 • ••Netherlands 3.8 • ••Costa Rica 3.9 • ••Austria 3.9 • ••Norway 4.3 • ••Denmark 4.3 • ••Indonesia 4.5 • ••Luxembourg 4.8 • ••Pakistan 5.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 5.0 • ••Guatemala 5.2 • ••Nicaragua 5.5 • ••Ecuador 5.9 • ••Italy 5.9 • ••India 6.2 • ••Fiji 6.7 • ••Kiribati 6.7 • ••Marshall Islands 6.7 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 6.7 • ••Palau 6.7 • ••Papua New Guinea 6.7 • ••Samoa 6.7 • ••Solomon Islands 6.7 • ••Tonga 6.7 • ••Tuvalu 6.7 • ••Vanuatu 6.7 • ••Sri Lanka 6.8 • ••Japan 6.9 • ••Germany 7.0 • ••France 7.2 • ••Zimbabwe 7.5 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 7.6 • ••Honduras 7.6 • ••Uruguay 7.6 • ••Albania 7.8 • ••Tajikistan 7.9 • ••Turkmenistan 7.9 • ••



*Imputed data point



Net imports of SO2 emissions associated with the trade in goods and services. These have severe health impacts and are a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide. Trade in goods mean that health impacts of air pollution occur far away from the point of consumption.Source: Zhang et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available)

Imported SO2 emissions (kg/capita)

Bhutan 0.5 • ••Maldives 0.5 • ••Burundi 0.6 • ••Comoros 0.6 • ••Djibouti 0.6 • ••Eritrea 0.6 • ••Rwanda 0.6 • ••Seychelles 0.6 • ••Somalia 0.6 • ••Sudan 0.6 • ••Cambodia 0.6 • ••Nigeria 0.6 • ••Kenya 0.6 • ••Senegal 0.7 • ••Algeria 0.7 • ••Libya 0.7 • ••Benin 0.7 • ••Burkina Faso 0.7 • ••Cabo Verde 0.7 • ••The Gambia 0.7 • ••Guinea 0.7 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.7 • ••Liberia 0.7 • ••Mali 0.7 • ••Mauritania 0.7 • ••Niger 0.7 • ••Sierra Leone 0.7 • ••Togo 0.7 • ••Central African Republic 0.7 • ••Chad 0.7 • ••Congo, Rep. 0.7 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.7 • ••Gabon 0.7 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.7 • ••Honduras 0.7 • ••El Salvador 0.7 • ••Bolivia 0.8 • ••Sri Lanka 0.9 • ••Nicaragua 0.9 • ••Ghana 1.0 • ••Vietnam 1.1 • ••Guatemala 1.2 • ••Malaysia 1.2 • ••Ecuador 1.4 • ••Moldova 1.5 • ••Belarus 1.6 • ••Colombia 1.7 • ••Oman 2.0 • ••Czech Republic 2.6 • ••

Paraguay 2.6 • ••Uruguay 2.8 • ••Turkey 3.1 • ••Costa Rica 3.2 • ••Armenia 4.2 • ••Georgia 4.5 • ••Panama 4.9 • ••Slovak Republic 5.2 • ••Hungary 7.4 • ••Singapore 7.7 • ••Albania 7.8 • ••Portugal 8.5 • ••Spain 8.7 • ••Botswana 10.0 • ••Lithuania 10.6 • ••New Zealand 10.9 • ••Korea, Rep. 11.2 • ••Malta 11.6 • ••Croatia 11.7 • ••Japan 12.1 • ••France 13.8 • ••United States 15.4 • ••Greece 16.8 • ••Slovenia 17.4 • ••Germany 17.5 • ••Italy 17.9 • ••Latvia 18.7 • ••Sweden 19.0 • ••Austria 20.1 • ••United Kingdom 20.2 • ••Netherlands 20.8 • ••Finland 21.1 • ••Ireland 22.0 • ••Cyprus 23.2 • ••Qatar 23.8 • ••Denmark 24.8 • ••Belgium 30.1 • ••Norway 34.2 • ••Switzerland 34.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 58.4 • ••Luxembourg 60.9 • ••Iceland NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••

Kazakhstan -52.0 • ••Peru -33.3 • ••Zambia -31.8 • ••Chile -31.3 • ••Bulgaria -31.0 • ••South Africa -22.2 • ••Namibia -20.7 • ••Australia -16.8 • ••Canada -15.3 • ••Kuwait -11.1 • ••Andorra -10.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina -10.9 • ••Montenegro -10.9 • ••North Macedonia -10.9 • ••Serbia -10.9 • ••Russian Federation -10.5 • ••Ukraine -10.2 • ••Saudi Arabia -10.1 • ••Tunisia -6.7 • ••China -5.7 • ••Estonia -4.5 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. -3.1 • ••Tajikistan -3.1 • ••Turkmenistan -3.1 • ••Uzbekistan -3.1 • ••Guyana -3.0 • ••Suriname -3.0 • ••Zimbabwe -2.2 • ••Mongolia -1.9 • ••Bahrain -1.8 • ••Israel -1.7 • ••Argentina -1.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. -1.5 • ••Iraq -1.4 • ••Jordan -1.4 • ••Lebanon -1.4 • ••Syrian Arab Republic -1.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. -1.4 • ••Mexico -1.3 • ••Romania -1.2 • ••Fiji -1.0 • ••Kiribati -1.0 • ••Marshall Islands -1.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. -1.0 • ••Palau -1.0 • ••Papua New Guinea -1.0 • ••Samoa -1.0 • ••Solomon Islands -1.0 • ••Tonga -1.0 • ••

Tuvalu -1.0 • ••Vanuatu -1.0 • ••Poland -1.0 • ••Lao PDR -0.7 • ••Antigua and Barbuda -0.7 • ••The Bahamas -0.7 • ••Barbados -0.7 • ••Cuba -0.7 • ••Dominica -0.7 • ••Dominican Republic -0.7 • ••Grenada -0.7 • ••Haiti -0.7 • ••Jamaica -0.7 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis -0.7 • ••St. Lucia -0.7 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines -0.7 • ••Trinidad and Tobago -0.7 • ••Venezuela, RB -0.7 • ••Thailand -0.6 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. -0.6 • ••Belize -0.4 • ••India -0.4 • ••Eswatini -0.1 • ••Lesotho -0.1 • ••Mauritius -0.1 • ••Morocco 0.0 • ••Indonesia 0.1 • ••Cameroon 0.1 • ••Brazil 0.1 • ••Madagascar 0.2 • ••Uganda 0.2 • ••Mozambique 0.3 • ••Angola 0.3 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.3 • ••Philippines 0.3 • ••Ethiopia 0.3 • ••Malawi 0.3 • ••Bangladesh 0.4 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.4 • ••Tanzania 0.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.4 • ••Myanmar 0.4 • ••Timor-Leste 0.4 • ••Pakistan 0.4 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.4 • ••Nepal 0.5 • ••Azerbaijan 0.5 • ••Afghanistan 0.5 • ••



*Imputed data point



Reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Reactive nitrogen corresponds to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available)

Slovenia 34.7 • ••Niger 34.8 • ••Japan 36.4 • ••Somalia 37.0 • ••Latvia 37.0 • ••Mauritius 37.5 • ••Estonia 38.0 • ••Iceland 38.2 • ••Italy 38.3 • ••Saudi Arabia 39.5 • ••Romania 39.5 • ••Slovak Republic 40.2 • ••Argentina 40.4 • ••Mongolia 40.5 • ••Belgium 40.9 • ••Sweden 41.6 • ••Germany 42.3 • ••Portugal 42.8 • ••Qatar 42.9 • ••Bolivia 43.4 • ••Finland 43.7 • ••New Zealand 43.9 • ••Lithuania 44.4 • ••Denmark 45.4 • ••Ireland 46.7 • ••Malta 47.1 • ••Kazakhstan 47.3 • ••Spain 47.4 • ••Netherlands 47.7 • ••Cyprus 48.0 • ••France 48.1 • ••Austria 48.7 • ••United Kingdom 50.9 • ••Brazil 52.6 • ••United States 56.4 • ••Norway 56.4 • ••Israel 56.7 • ••Greece 56.9 • ••Botswana 57.7 • ••Switzerland 58.4 • ••Paraguay 61.4 • ••Canada 61.7 • ••United Arab Emirates 65.2 • ••Australia 86.5 • ••Uruguay 89.2 • ••Kuwait 95.1 • ••Singapore 95.2 • ••Luxembourg 139.8 • ••Andorra NA • ••

Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Côte d’Ivoire NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Morocco NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Tanzania NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Nitrogen production footprint (kg/capita)

Liberia 1.0 • ••Moldova 1.6 • ••Papua New Guinea 2.2 • ••Malawi 3.4 • ••Tajikistan 3.5 • ••Sri Lanka 3.9 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.3 • ••Mozambique 5.2 • ••Burundi 5.7 • ••Lao PDR 5.8 • ••Afghanistan 6.4 • ••Nepal 6.5 • ••Guatemala 8.0 • ••Togo 8.1 • ••Zambia 8.1 • ••Philippines 8.4 • ••Congo, Rep. 8.7 • ••Armenia 8.8 • ••Haiti 9.0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 9.0 • ••Cambodia 9.1 • ••Cameroon 9.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 9.5 • ••Rwanda 9.5 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 9.6 • ••Gabon 9.8 • ••Algeria 10.8 • ••Senegal 10.8 • ••Honduras 11.4 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 11.8 • ••Azerbaijan 11.9 • ••Nicaragua 12.2 • ••Sierra Leone 12.3 • ••Uganda 12.5 • ••Costa Rica 12.6 • ••Iraq 12.7 • ••Fiji 12.9 • ••Tunisia 12.9 • ••India 12.9 • ••Angola 13.1 • ••El Salvador 13.1 • ••Pakistan 13.1 • ••Jordan 13.3 • ••The Gambia 13.6 • ••Vietnam 13.7 • ••Benin 13.7 • ••Georgia 14.1 • ••Indonesia 14.6 • ••Bhutan 15.0 • ••

Belize 15.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 15.5 • ••Albania 15.6 • ••Dominican Republic 15.9 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 16.5 • ••Eritrea 16.7 • ••Cuba 17.3 • ••Jamaica 17.3 • ••Djibouti 17.6 • ••North Macedonia 17.8 • ••Mauritania 18.3 • ••Maldives 18.5 • ••Peru 19.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 19.6 • ••Uzbekistan 19.9 • ••Guinea 20.0 • ••Bulgaria 20.0 • ••Libya 20.0 • ••Lesotho 20.6 • ••Burkina Faso 20.9 • ••Lebanon 21.4 • ••Vanuatu 21.7 • ••Bahrain 21.7 • ••China 22.8 • ••Croatia 23.2 • ••Ukraine 23.3 • ••Panama 23.5 • ••Ecuador 23.6 • ••Eswatini 23.7 • ••Suriname 23.8 • ••Turkmenistan 24.1 • ••South Africa 25.1 • ••Turkey 25.2 • ••Hungary 26.2 • ••Colombia 26.2 • ••Chile 26.3 • ••Malaysia 26.7 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 27.7 • ••Mexico 27.8 • ••Kenya 27.8 • ••Venezuela, RB 27.9 • ••Oman 29.2 • ••Russian Federation 30.0 • ••Namibia 30.2 • ••Thailand 31.4 • ••Czech Republic 31.9 • ••Poland 33.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 33.9 • ••Barbados 33.9 • ••



*Imputed data point



Net imports of reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities. Reactive nitrogen corresponds here to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010 (or closest available)

Net imported emissions of reactive nitrogen (kg/capita)

Finland 74.3 • ••Botswana 74.5 • ••Iceland 79.1 • ••Spain 81.2 • ••Lebanon 97.1 • ••Maldives 108.3 • ••France 122.4 • ••Slovenia 125.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 130.0 • ••Qatar 137.4 • ••Belgium 148.3 • ••Barbados 167.1 • ••Sweden 169.3 • ••Cyprus 170.5 • ••Italy 172.6 • ••Portugal 201.2 • ••Austria 203.5 • ••Germany 205.4 • ••Greece 215.0 • ••Netherlands 223.6 • ••Mauritius 226.0 • ••Malta 255.2 • ••Japan 259.9 • ••Norway 311.8 • ••Montenegro 329.3 • ••Israel 381.9 • ••Switzerland 432.4 • ••Kuwait 569.2 • ••Singapore 748.2 • ••Luxembourg 965.4 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Congo, Rep. NA • ••Côte d’Ivoire NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••The Gambia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••

Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Morocco NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Palau NA • ••Russian Federation NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tanzania NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••United States NA • ••Venezuela, RB NA • ••Vietnam NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

New Zealand -1,223.4 • ••Mongolia -751.7 • ••Australia -534.3 • ••Mauritania -322.6 • ••Argentina -239.4 • ••Uruguay -223.6 • ••Turkmenistan -208.2 • ••Bulgaria -200.3 • ••Ireland -199.8 • ••Namibia -183.7 • ••Moldova -150.4 • ••Nicaragua -139.0 • ••Belize -128.7 • ••Denmark -115.4 • ••Fiji -111.3 • ••Cameroon -103.8 • ••Hungary -103.3 • ••Tajikistan -98.8 • ••Paraguay -95.3 • ••Senegal -94.7 • ••Libya -92.8 • ••Cambodia -92.7 • ••Burkina Faso -89.7 • ••Somalia -88.2 • ••Guinea -85.0 • ••Guatemala -84.7 • ••Malawi -81.1 • ••Togo -76.9 • ••Honduras -76.1 • ••Azerbaijan -68.3 • ••Pakistan -66.7 • ••Liberia -53.3 • ••Vanuatu -52.0 • ••Cuba -51.0 • ••Costa Rica -46.1 • ••Nepal -46.0 • ••Dominican Republic -45.3 • ••Afghanistan -44.8 • ••Suriname -44.2 • ••Eswatini -43.6 • ••Zambia -42.7 • ••Bolivia -42.7 • ••Mozambique -40.7 • ••Canada -35.6 • ••Djibouti -34.6 • ••Niger -31.1 • ••Thailand -30.3 • ••South Africa -26.9 • ••Papua New Guinea -26.1 • ••

Tunisia -25.6 • ••Sierra Leone -25.5 • ••Albania -24.8 • ••Benin -23.7 • ••Uzbekistan -21.4 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina -19.2 • ••Haiti -18.7 • ••Sri Lanka -17.8 • ••Gabon -13.7 • ••Kazakhstan -13.6 • ••Algeria -13.3 • ••Chile -12.8 • ••Eritrea -12.6 • ••China -12.5 • ••Burundi -10.4 • ••Trinidad and Tobago -9.3 • ••Brazil -9.2 • ••India -8.7 • ••Kenya -7.5 • ••Iraq -6.1 • ••Ukraine -6.1 • ••Peru -1.4 • ••Angola -1.1 • ••Philippines 2.8 • ••Rwanda 3.7 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 4.4 • ••El Salvador 4.5 • ••Panama 4.9 • ••Jamaica 6.4 • ••Ecuador 6.8 • ••Indonesia 7.2 • ••Armenia 8.2 • ••Poland 11.6 • ••Romania 18.5 • ••Oman 23.2 • ••Czech Republic 26.6 • ••Estonia 27.8 • ••Lesotho 31.2 • ••Colombia 32.9 • ••Lithuania 32.9 • ••Mexico 34.4 • ••Turkey 35.2 • ••Georgia 35.5 • ••Jordan 38.1 • ••Bhutan 39.0 • ••Croatia 53.5 • ••Bahrain 60.3 • ••Latvia 60.7 • ••Malaysia 65.4 • ••



*Imputed data point



The annual amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW), including household waste, that is not recycled, expressed in kilogram per capita. This indicator is calculated by multiplying ”Municipal Solid Waste (kg/day/capita)” by one minus the recycling rate.Source: World Bank (2012); OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Non-Recycled Municipal Solid Waste (kg/day/capita)(OECD Member States)

Korea, Rep. 0.4 • ••Poland 0.6 • ••Czech Republic 0.7 • ••Slovenia 0.7 • ••Estonia 0.7 • ••Japan 0.7 • ••Belgium 0.8 • ••Hungary 0.8 • ••Slovak Republic 0.8 • ••Sweden 0.8 • ••Lithuania 0.9 • ••Australia 0.9 • ••Germany 0.9 • ••Mexico 0.9 • ••Latvia 0.9 • ••United Kingdom 1.0 • ••Finland 1.0 • ••Italy 1.0 • ••

Spain 1.0 • ••Ireland 1.0 • ••Portugal 1.0 • ••Turkey 1.1 • ••Netherlands 1.1 • ••France 1.1 • ••Greece 1.1 • ••Austria 1.1 • ••Luxembourg 1.2 • ••Iceland 1.3 • ••Switzerland 1.4 • ••Norway 1.5 • ••Israel 1.5 • ••United States 1.5 • ••Denmark 1.5 • ••Canada NA • ••Chile NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••



*Imputed data point



Emissions of carbon dioxide per capita that arise from the consumption of energy. This includes emissions due to the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and also from natural gas flaring.Source: Gütschow et al (2016) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Energy-related CO2 emissions per capita (tCO2/capita)

Lebanon 2.4 • LGrenada 2.4 • 5St. Lucia 2.4 • 5Panama 2.5 • 5Gabon 2.5 • LJamaica 2.6 • 5Guyana 2.6 • 5Marshall Islands 2.8 • pMaldives 3.1 • 5Uzbekistan 3.1 • LBotswana 3.1 • pCuba 3.2 • 5North Macedonia 3.3 • LRomania 3.3 • LAlgeria 3.4 • 5Latvia 3.5 • 5Liechtenstein 3.5 • LMauritius 3.6 • 5Switzerland 3.9 • DMexico 3.9 • 5Croatia 4.0 • DMontenegro 4.0 • 5Azerbaijan 4.1 • 5Suriname 4.1 • 5Ukraine 4.2 • LTurkey 4.2 • pBarbados 4.4 • DSt. Kitts and Nevis 4.4 • 5Seychelles 4.4 • 5Sweden 4.4 • DLithuania 4.5 • pThailand 4.5 • 5Portugal 4.6 • pArgentina 4.6 • 5Hungary 4.7 • 5Chile 4.8 • pIraq 4.9 • 5France 5.0 • 5Spain 5.1 • 5Venezuela, RB 5.3 • DNauru 5.3 • pSan Marino 5.3 • DEquatorial Guinea 5.4 • DCyprus 5.4 • DGreece 5.4 • DItaly 5.5 • DSlovak Republic 5.5 • DAntigua and Barbuda 5.6 • 5Serbia 5.6 • 5

United Kingdom 5.7 • DBulgaria 5.8 • DDenmark 5.8 • DAndorra 6.2 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.3 • 5Malta 6.3 • 5Slovenia 6.4 • DBelarus 6.4 • 5China 6.5 • 5The Bahamas 6.5 • pAustria 6.8 • 5Iceland 6.9 • pNew Zealand 7.6 • pPoland 7.7 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 7.7 • pIreland 7.8 • pMalaysia 8.0 • pIsrael 8.1 • 5Libya 8.2 • pBelgium 8.6 • 5Mongolia 8.6 • pFinland 8.7 • DNorway 8.8 • 5Germany 8.8 • 5Japan 8.9 • 5South Africa 9.4 • 5Czech Republic 9.5 • 5Netherlands 10.4 • pSingapore 11.4 • pRussian Federation 11.5 • 5Korea, Rep. 11.6 • pTurkmenistan 14.1 • pEstonia 14.2 • 5Oman 14.2 • 5Kazakhstan 14.3 • 5Canada 14.8 • 5Luxembourg 15.1 • DAustralia 15.2 • 5Palau 15.3 • pUnited States 15.5 • 5Bahrain 15.9 • DSaudi Arabia 18.4 • pKuwait 23.5 • DUnited Arab Emirates 24.4 • pBrunei Darussalam 25.8 • pTrinidad and Tobago 30.2 • 5Qatar 47.5 • p

Burundi 0.0 • LSomalia 0.0 • LCongo, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • LMalawi 0.1 • LChad 0.1 • LRwanda 0.1 • LMali 0.1 • LNiger 0.1 • LCentral African Republic 0.1 • LEthiopia 0.1 • LUganda 0.1 • LEritrea 0.1 • LMadagascar 0.1 • LSierra Leone 0.1 • LBurkina Faso 0.1 • LLao PDR 0.1 • LSouth Sudan 0.1 • LGuinea-Bissau 0.2 • LTanzania 0.2 • LComoros 0.2 • LLiberia 0.2 • LZambia 0.2 • LGuinea 0.2 • LKenya 0.3 • LThe Gambia 0.3 • LHaiti 0.3 • LTogo 0.3 • LNepal 0.3 • LMozambique 0.3 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.3 • LTimor-Leste 0.4 • LSudan 0.4 • LAfghanistan 0.4 • LCôte d’Ivoire 0.4 • LSenegal 0.4 • LSolomon Islands 0.4 • LTajikistan 0.4 • LGhana 0.5 • LCambodia 0.5 • LBangladesh 0.5 • LMyanmar 0.5 • LBenin 0.5 • LCameroon 0.5 • LNigeria 0.5 • LCongo, Rep. 0.5 • LDjibouti 0.6 • LMauritania 0.6 • LVanuatu 0.7 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.7 • L

Bhutan 0.7 • LZimbabwe 0.8 • LParaguay 0.8 • LKiribati 0.8 • LYemen, Rep. 0.8 • LPakistan 0.9 • LGuatemala 0.9 • LNicaragua 0.9 • LEswatini 0.9 • LPapua New Guinea 1.0 • LSri Lanka 1.0 • LPhilippines 1.0 • LHonduras 1.1 • LLesotho 1.2 • LEl Salvador 1.2 • LTuvalu 1.3 • LCabo Verde 1.3 • LAngola 1.3 • LNamibia 1.4 • LTonga 1.4 • LMoldova 1.4 • LAlbania 1.4 • LSamoa 1.5 • LMorocco 1.5 • LKyrgyz Republic 1.6 • LBolivia 1.6 • LIndonesia 1.7 • LMonaco 1.7 • LColombia 1.7 • LFiji 1.7 • LIndia 1.7 • LGeorgia 1.7 • LBelize 1.8 • LVietnam 1.8 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 1.8 • LCosta Rica 1.8 • LTunisia 1.9 • LJordan 1.9 • LDominican Republic 1.9 • LDominica 1.9 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.0 • L


2.0 • p

Peru 2.1 • pArmenia 2.1 • pBrazil 2.1 • 5Ecuador 2.3 • DSyrian Arab Republic 2.3 • LUruguay 2.3 • 5



*Imputed data point



Imports of CO2 emissions embodied in goods, measured as technology-adjusted, consumption-based (TCBA) emissions minus production-based emissions. Technology-adjusted emissions data reflects the carbon efficiency of exporting sectors. If a country uses relatively CO2-intensive technologies in its export sector then it will have a higher TCBA than suggested by a simple carbon footprint.Source: Kander et al. (2015) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Imported CO2 emissions, technology-adjusted (tCO2/capita)

The Gambia 0.2 • ••Nigeria 0.2 • ••Sri Lanka 0.3 • ••Vietnam 0.3 • ••Croatia 0.3 • ••Tajikistan 0.3 • ••Vanuatu 0.3 • ••Poland 0.3 • ••Kenya 0.3 • ••Peru 0.3 • ••Zimbabwe 0.3 • ••Paraguay 0.3 • ••Armenia 0.3 • ••Argentina 0.4 • ••Brazil 0.4 • ••Samoa 0.4 • ••Fiji 0.4 • ••Jordan 0.4 • ••Costa Rica 0.4 • ••Portugal 0.5 • ••Colombia 0.5 • ••Dominican Republic 0.5 • ••Morocco 0.5 • ••El Salvador 0.5 • ••Cuba 0.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.5 • ••Liechtenstein 0.5 • ••Mexico 0.6 • ••Belize 0.6 • ••North Macedonia 0.6 • ••Djibouti 0.6 • ••Albania 0.7 • ••Latvia 0.7 • ••Turkey 0.7 • ••Belgium 0.7 • ••Suriname 0.8 • ••Bulgaria 0.8 • ••Georgia 0.8 • ••Jamaica 0.9 • ••Tunisia 0.9 • ••Panama 0.9 • ••Switzerland 0.9 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.9 • ••Lesotho 1.0 • ••United Kingdom 1.0 • ••Sweden 1.0 • ••Lebanon 1.1 • ••France 1.1 • ••Austria 1.1 • ••

Cabo Verde 1.1 • ••Serbia 1.1 • ••Canada 1.2 • ••Turkmenistan 1.2 • ••Italy 1.2 • ••Uruguay 1.3 • ••Lithuania 1.4 • ••Monaco 1.5 • ••Greece 1.5 • ••Finland 1.6 • ••Maldives 1.6 • ••Barbados 1.7 • ••United States 1.8 • ••Cyprus 1.9 • ••Slovak Republic 2.1 • ••Montenegro 2.1 • ••United Arab Emirates 2.1 • ••Namibia 2.7 • ••Eswatini 2.7 • ••Australia 3.2 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 3.6 • ••Mauritius 3.7 • ••Andorra 3.7 • ••The Bahamas 3.8 • ••Singapore 4.2 • ••Botswana 4.3 • ••Seychelles 5.7 • ••San Marino 48.5 • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines

NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Norway -19.5 • ••Luxembourg -9.9 • ••Brunei Darussalam -9.8 • ••Trinidad and Tobago -7.0 • ••Qatar -6.5 • ••Kuwait -5.0 • ••Ireland -3.4 • ••Estonia -3.1 • ••Czech Republic -3.0 • ••Oman -2.9 • ••Bahrain -2.4 • ••New Zealand -2.0 • ••Denmark -1.8 • ••Korea, Rep. -1.6 • ••Slovenia -1.4 • ••Netherlands -1.2 • ••Japan -1.1 • ••Israel -1.0 • ••Venezuela, RB -0.9 • ••Saudi Arabia -0.9 • ••Malaysia -0.8 • ••China -0.8 • ••Russian Federation -0.7 • ••Malta -0.6 • ••Gabon -0.6 • ••Thailand -0.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic -0.5 • ••Germany -0.5 • ••Angola -0.4 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. -0.4 • ••Congo, Rep. -0.4 • ••Kazakhstan -0.4 • ••Libya -0.4 • ••Hungary -0.3 • ••Iraq -0.3 • ••Ukraine -0.3 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. -0.2 • ••Bolivia -0.1 • ••Chile -0.1 • ••Azerbaijan -0.1 • ••Algeria -0.1 • ••Yemen, Rep. -0.1 • ••South Africa -0.1 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. -0.1 • ••Côte d’Ivoire -0.1 • ••Belarus -0.1 • ••Myanmar 0.0 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0 • ••Liberia 0.0 • ••

Pakistan 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Moldova 0.0 • ••Chad 0.0 • ••Philippines 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••Guinea 0.0 • ••Ethiopia 0.1 • ••Haiti 0.1 • ••India 0.1 • ••Central African Republic 0.1 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.1 • ••Lao PDR 0.1 • ••Niger 0.1 • ••Burundi 0.1 • ••Bangladesh 0.1 • ••Eritrea 0.1 • ••Nepal 0.1 • ••Mali 0.1 • ••Afghanistan 0.1 • ••Cameroon 0.1 • ••Madagascar 0.1 • ••Mozambique 0.1 • ••Malawi 0.1 • ••Mauritania 0.1 • ••Togo 0.1 • ••Burkina Faso 0.1 • ••Mongolia 0.1 • ••Sierra Leone 0.1 • ••Rwanda 0.1 • ••Indonesia 0.2 • ••Romania 0.2 • ••Zambia 0.2 • ••Uganda 0.2 • ••Spain 0.2 • ••Iceland 0.2 • ••Ecuador 0.2 • ••Cambodia 0.2 • ••Bhutan 0.2 • ••Benin 0.2 • ••Tanzania 0.2 • ••Guatemala 0.2 • ••Nicaragua 0.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 • ••Ghana 0.2 • ••Honduras 0.2 • ••Senegal 0.2 • ••


*Imputed data point



The yearly average number of people that have died, been left injured, homeless or in need of basic survival needs due to climate related disasters over the last five year period per 100,000 population.Source: EM-DAT (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

People affected by climate-related disasters (per 100,000 population)

Malaysia 1,182.1 •Comoros 1,252.5 •Paraguay 1,266.9 •Slovenia 1,268.9 •Bangladesh 1,341.4 •Antigua and Barbuda 1,373.4 •Peru 1,435.0 •Morocco 1,455.5 •Bolivia 1,586.0 •Madagascar 1,603.5 •Mozambique 1,713.9 •Kenya 1,779.1 •North Macedonia 1,799.1 •United States 1,818.2 •Nicaragua 1,839.7 •Guatemala 1,865.2 •Brazil 1,964.2 •Honduras 2,014.1 •Lao PDR 2,085.9 •Senegal 2,233.4 •India 2,359.6 •Mauritius 2,365.3 •Jamaica 2,569.9 •Djibouti 2,573.8 •Ethiopia 2,726.4 •El Salvador 2,926.0 •Philippines 3,077.7 •Niger 3,107.1 •The Gambia 3,190.8 •Sri Lanka 3,372.9 •Dominican Republic 3,844.7 •Cambodia 3,910.5 •Belize 4,194.2 •Solomon Islands 4,194.9 •Seychelles 4,755.8 •Burkina Faso 5,774.2 •Somalia 6,394.1 •Papua New Guinea 6,539.0 •Malawi 7,013.6 •Haiti 7,159.2 •Lebanon 8,559.5 •Timor-Leste 9,458.7 •Mongolia 9,726.4 •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 10,767.9 •Trinidad and Tobago 10,928.2 •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 11,400.6 •Namibia 12,005.4 •Chad 12,663.1 •

Korea, Dem. Rep. 12,712.9 •Guyana 13,157.5 •Bosnia and Herzegovina 14,030.1 •St. Lucia 14,043.8 •South Sudan 14,807.0 •Cuba 18,008.4 •Eswatini 18,331.7 •Marshall Islands 20,153.8 •Tonga 20,993.0 •Lesotho 22,272.0 •Vanuatu 26,571.9 •Fiji 29,287.0 •Mauritania 31,953.2 •Tuvalu 41,932.6 •Dominica 67,892.8 •Andorra NA •Azerbaijan NA •Bahrain NA •Benin NA •Bhutan NA •Brunei Darussalam NA •Congo, Rep. NA •Cyprus NA •Denmark NA •Equatorial Guinea NA •Eritrea NA •Finland NA •Gabon NA •Grenada NA •Iceland NA •Latvia NA •Libya NA •Liechtenstein NA •Luxembourg NA •Maldives NA •Malta NA •Moldova NA •Monaco NA •Nauru NA •Norway NA •Palau NA •San Marino NA •São Tomé and Príncipe NA •Singapore NA •Suriname NA •Turkmenistan NA •Uzbekistan NA •

Samoa 0.0 •Slovak Republic 0.0 •St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 •Sweden 0.0 •Netherlands 0.0 •Czech Republic 0.0 •Kuwait 0.0 •Lithuania 0.1 •Switzerland 0.1 •Germany 0.2 •Barbados 0.3 •Ukraine 0.5 •Estonia 0.5 •Spain 0.6 •Kyrgyz Republic 0.7 •Belgium 0.7 •Korea, Rep. 0.8 •Jordan 1.0 •Saudi Arabia 1.2 •Ireland 1.6 •Cabo Verde 1.7 •Austria 1.9 •United Arab Emirates 2.0 •Italy 2.5 •Romania 2.7 •Poland 2.7 •Turkey 2.9 •France 3.8 •Russian Federation 7.4 •Portugal 8.4 •Uganda 8.9 •Greece 10.4 •New Zealand 17.0 •Egypt, Arab Rep. 17.2 •Syrian Arab Republic 18.8 •Côte d’Ivoire 20.4 •United Kingdom 21.0 •Mexico 21.7 •Armenia 25.6 •Montenegro 31.8 •Bulgaria 31.8 •Hungary 34.3 •Oman 36.9 •Australia 39.8 •Kazakhstan 41.8 •Mali 44.4 •Togo 46.3 •Canada 48.9 •Qatar 55.7 •

Colombia 56.5 •Venezuela, RB 59.5 •Central African Republic 59.6 •Congo, Dem. Rep. 61.3 •Tanzania 62.5 •Croatia 67.9 •Burundi 78.4 •Rwanda 82.6 •Indonesia 97.6 •Tajikistan 100.4 •Argentina 102.0 •Ecuador 107.4 •Botswana 107.6 •Panama 113.7 •Iran, Islamic Rep. 121.7 •Iraq 121.9 •Zambia 128.0 •Tunisia 137.4 •Guinea 137.5 •Japan 142.8 •Yemen, Rep. 157.0 •Serbia 161.2 •Chile 164.5 •Zimbabwe 179.3 •Algeria 195.2 •Georgia 197.3 •Pakistan 227.8 •Israel 245.6 •Sierra Leone 254.1 •Liberia 334.5 •Nigeria 347.4 •Uruguay 411.7 •Cameroon 436.4 •Belarus 465.1 •Albania 469.0 •Sudan 531.3 •The Bahamas 581.0 •Guinea-Bissau 605.3 •Myanmar 697.4 •South Africa 704.7 •Ghana 765.2 •Kiribati 766.8 •Costa Rica 798.6 •China 813.2 •Nepal 823.8 •Afghanistan 833.7 •Thailand 929.3 •Angola 986.4 •Vietnam 1,007.1 •




*Imputed data point



Kilograms of CO2 emissions per capita embodied in the exports of coal, gas and oil. Calculated using a 3 year average of fossil fuel exports and applying CO2 conversion factors to those fossil fuels. When export data for countries with little to no production of fossil fuels, we assumed a value of 0. Source: UN Comtrade (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita)

Chile 131.7 •Georgia 133.8 •Argentina 152.2 •Egypt, Arab Rep. 155.6 •France 157.3 •Eswatini 158.2 •Lithuania 160.0 •Philippines 164.9 •Côte d’Ivoire 177.4 •Sudan 177.5 •Croatia 177.6 •Hungary 197.2 •Mauritania 198.0 •Bhutan 218.1 •Austria 338.2 •Vietnam 385.4 •Tunisia 411.1 •Barbados 413.2 •Peru 413.9 •Cameroon 425.2 •Slovenia 451.4 •Ghana 486.5 •Belarus 550.2 •Poland 567.7 •Brazil 658.9 •Belize 799.4 •New Zealand 800.6 •Yemen, Rep. 860.8 •Germany 878.7 •Albania 893.0 •United States 975.7 •Netherlands 1,281.7 •Mexico 1,512.1 •Czech Republic 1,588.4 •Nigeria 1,655.9 •Slovak Republic 1,656.5 •Denmark 2,268.4 •United Kingdom 2,336.5 •Bolivia 3,121.7 •Algeria 3,194.1 •South Africa 3,665.8 •Indonesia 3,677.8 •Belgium 3,823.6 •Malaysia 3,906.0 •Ecuador 4,039.9 •Azerbaijan 4,834.4 •Congo, Rep. 5,319.2 •Myanmar 6,129.7 •Colombia 6,656.9 •

Mozambique 7,653.4 •Iraq 8,194.2 •Venezuela, RB 9,422.6 •Russian Federation 9,854.7 •Angola 11,139.6 •Canada 11,643.6 •Bahrain 15,853.7 •Kazakhstan 17,226.5 •Trinidad and Tobago 18,802.3 •Mongolia 20,751.3 •Oman 24,494.4 •Saudi Arabia 36,823.0 •United Arab Emirates 43,941.9 •Australia 45,239.0 •Kuwait 79,245.5 •Brunei Darussalam 82,454.3 •Norway 86,444.0 •Qatar 160,772.7 •Afghanistan NA •Andorra NA •The Bahamas NA •Chad NA •Congo, Dem. Rep. NA •Cuba NA •Equatorial Guinea NA •Gabon NA •Guinea-Bissau NA •Iran, Islamic Rep. NA •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA •Libya NA •Liechtenstein NA •Marshall Islands NA •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA •Monaco NA •North Macedonia NA •Palau NA •Papua New Guinea NA •Paraguay NA •San Marino NA •South Sudan NA •Suriname NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tajikistan NA •Timor-Leste NA •Turkmenistan NA •Tuvalu NA •Uzbekistan NA •

Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 •Burkina Faso 0.0 •Burundi 0.0 •Central African Republic 0.0 •Comoros 0.0 •Djibouti 0.0 •Dominica 0.0 •El Salvador 0.0 •Eritrea 0.0 •Grenada 0.0 •Haiti 0.0 •Iceland 0.0 •Kiribati 0.0 •Liberia 0.0 •Maldives 0.0 •Mali 0.0 •Nauru 0.0 •Nepal 0.0 •São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0 •Sierra Leone 0.0 •Somalia 0.0 •St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 •Tonga 0.0 •Uruguay 0.0 •Vanuatu 0.0 •Cabo Verde 0.0 •Madagascar 0.0 •Korea, Rep. 0.0 •Sri Lanka 0.0 •Nicaragua 0.0 •Ethiopia 0.0 •Jamaica 0.0 •Panama 0.0 •The Gambia 0.0 •Niger 0.0 •Cyprus 0.0 •Seychelles 0.0 •Morocco 0.0 •Benin 0.0 •Uganda 0.0 •Malta 0.0 •Costa Rica 0.0 •Honduras 0.0 •Guinea 0.0 •Guyana 0.0 •Rwanda 0.0 •St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 •Lebanon 0.0 •

Mauritius 0.0 •Luxembourg 0.0 •Namibia 0.1 •Bangladesh 0.1 •Lesotho 0.2 •Fiji 0.2 •Solomon Islands 0.3 •Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.3 •Japan 0.5 •Zambia 0.7 •Dominican Republic 0.7 •Togo 1.0 •Malawi 1.0 •Jordan 1.4 •Moldova 1.4 •Cambodia 1.4 •Kenya 1.4 •Tanzania 1.7 •Switzerland 2.1 •India 2.1 •Lao PDR 2.3 •Turkey 3.2 •St. Lucia 4.2 •Finland 5.1 •Pakistan 5.2 •Zimbabwe 5.4 •Israel 9.1 •Serbia 9.3 •Senegal 12.9 •Bulgaria 15.8 •Romania 18.6 •Portugal 23.1 •Samoa 25.1 •Armenia 25.4 •China 25.6 •Estonia 29.9 •Ukraine 34.0 •Thailand 36.1 •Greece 39.6 •Italy 58.0 •Botswana 58.6 •Ireland 69.2 •Latvia 69.4 •Sweden 82.8 •Guatemala 91.5 •Kyrgyz Republic 113.1 •Montenegro 115.7 •Singapore 123.1 •Spain 123.2 •



*Imputed data point



Average effective carbon rates, the price of carbon emissions resulting from taxes and emissions trading systems, excluding CO2 emissions from biomass.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Effective carbon rate from all non-road energy, excluding emissions from biomass (€/tCO2)(OECD Member States)

Denmark 67.0 • ••Netherlands 54.0 • ••Norway 51.0 • ••Sweden 43.8 • ••Finland 38.8 • ••Austria 29.3 • ••Israel 28.8 • ••Switzerland 28.6 • ••Germany 25.4 • ••Slovenia 23.3 • ••Greece 22.6 • ••Ireland 21.8 • ••Italy 20.5 • ••Iceland 18.1 • ••Slovak Republic 18.1 • ••United Kingdom 14.6 • ••Spain 12.5 • ••Estonia 12.1 • ••

Poland 11.9 • ••France 11.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 9.9 • ••Portugal 9.0 • ••Turkey 8.1 • ••Japan 7.8 • ••Belgium 7.6 • ••Czech Republic 7.6 • ••Luxembourg 6.3 • ••Hungary 5.9 • ••Canada 3.8 • ••Australia 2.6 • ••New Zealand 1.5 • ••United States 0.8 • ••Mexico 0.3 • ••Chile -0.1 • ••Latvia NA • ••Lithuania NA • ••



*Imputed data point



The mean percentage area of marine Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of marine biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%)

Saudi Arabia 20.8 • 5Uruguay 20.6 • 5Myanmar 18.9 • LChile 18.9 • 5China 18.8 • 5Lebanon 17.8 • 5Samoa 17.8 • 5St. Lucia 15.4 • 5Iceland 14.4 • 5Guatemala 13.0 • 5Fiji 12.9 • 5Marshall Islands 12.3 • 5Solomon Islands 11.2 • 5Mauritius 8.7 • 5Oman 8.0 • 5Tonga 5.9 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 5.1 • 5Vanuatu 4.7 • 5Cabo Verde 4.6 • 5Turkey 4.3 • 5Israel 3.7 • 5Singapore 3.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 2.4 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.8 • 5Angola 0.9 • 5Barbados 0.0 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • 5Comoros 0.0 • 5Djibouti 0.0 • 5Dominica 0.0 • 5El Salvador 0.0 • 5Eritrea 0.0 • 5Georgia 0.0 • 5Haiti 0.0 • 5Iraq 0.0 • 5Libya 0.0 • 5Maldives 0.0 • 5Montenegro 0.0 • 5Nauru 0.0 • 5Somalia 0.0 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • 5Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Benin NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••

Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Congo, Rep. NA • ••Côte d’Ivoire NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Peru NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••United States NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Equatorial Guinea 100.0 • LSlovenia 99.6 • LBulgaria 99.4 • LRomania 99.3 • LMozambique 98.9 • LGabon 98.6 • LLiberia 98.3 • LEstonia 97.9 • LLatvia 96.0 • LNetherlands 95.2 • LMalta 90.2 • LGuinea-Bissau 88.8 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 88.5 • LBelgium 88.3 • LDenmark 87.7 • LSudan 87.5 • LGuinea 86.6 • LIreland 86.2 • LGermany 84.9 • LPoland 83.4 • LUnited Kingdom 83.4 • LSpain 82.6 • LFrance 80.0 • LMexico 80.0 • LDominican Republic 79.2 • LAlbania 78.6 • LGrenada 78.1 • LCroatia 77.0 • LNamibia 76.8 • LSuriname 74.2 • LItaly 74.1 • LJapan 73.2 • LColombia 71.6 • LCuba 68.6 • LGreece 68.5 • LLithuania 67.3 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 67.0 • LHonduras 66.2 • LBrazil 66.1 • LAustralia 65.1 • LPortugal 64.8 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 64.8 • LThailand 64.1 • LEcuador 63.8 • LBrunei Darussalam 60.9 • LSweden 59.5 • LFinland 57.6 • LSierra Leone 57.6 • LSouth Africa 56.0 • L

Norway 55.3 • LAlgeria 54.9 • LThe Gambia 54.4 • LAntigua and Barbuda 53.2 • LTanzania 53.1 • LKenya 51.9 • LVenezuela, RB 51.8 • LCosta Rica 51.6 • LMauritania 48.3 • 5New Zealand 46.7 • 5Nicaragua 45.4 • 5Ukraine 45.1 • 5Philippines 44.9 • 5Tunisia 44.6 • 5Sri Lanka 43.4 • 5Kazakhstan 43.4 • 5Kiribati 40.2 • 5Qatar 40.0 • 5Pakistan 39.3 • 5Cyprus 37.4 • 5Bahrain 36.6 • 5Argentina 36.0 • LVietnam 35.4 • 5Morocco 34.5 • 5Palau 34.0 • 5Kuwait 32.1 • 5Senegal 29.9 • 5India 29.0 • 5Canada 28.7 • 5The Bahamas 28.3 • 5Belize 27.7 • 5Indonesia 27.7 • 5Yemen, Rep. 27.5 • 5Panama 27.0 • 5Jamaica 26.6 • 5Korea, Rep. 26.4 • 5United Arab Emirates 26.4 • 5


Bangladesh 25.9 • 5Turkmenistan 25.8 • 5Malaysia 25.1 • 5Russian Federation 23.9 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 23.7 • 5Seychelles 23.2 • 5Timor-Leste 23.1 • 5Azerbaijan 22.5 • 5Cambodia 21.7 • 5Madagascar 20.9 • L



*Imputed data point



The clean waters subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures to what degree marine waters under national jurisdictions have been contaminated by chemicals, excessive nutrients (euthropication), human pathogens or trash.Source: Ocean Health Index (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Ocean Health Index Goal – Clean Waters (0–100)

Tunisia 50.1 • DTurkey 50.0 • 5Germany 50.0 • 5Djibouti 49.9 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 49.5 • pDominican Republic 49.1 • 5France 49.1 • pJordan 48.5 • 5Liberia 48.4 • 5The Gambia 48.0 • 5Singapore 48.0 • pTanzania 48.0 • 5Congo, Rep. 47.5 • DMyanmar 46.9 • pMalta 46.0 • pKenya 45.9 • pLithuania 45.6 • 5Maldives 45.4 • pSenegal 45.1 • 5El Salvador 45.1 • pNetherlands 45.0 • 5Nauru 44.6 • pSudan 44.6 • pJamaica 43.2 • 5Pakistan 43.1 • 5Poland 42.8 • DGuinea 42.2 • 5Sierra Leone 42.1 • pBulgaria 41.9 • 5Iraq 41.6 • pVietnam 41.5 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 41.0 • DAlgeria 40.5 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 39.5 • pSyrian Arab Republic 38.3 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 37.7 • pHaiti 37.3 • 5Comoros 36.7 • pCameroon 34.5 • 5Israel 32.9 • 5Guatemala 32.1 • 5Ghana 31.3 • pBelgium 31.2 • 5Lebanon 30.1 • 5China 29.8 • 5Slovenia 28.2 • pNigeria 28.1 • pMonaco 24.5 • pBangladesh 23.7 • 5

India 22.7 • 5Benin 16.7 • 5Togo 15.1 • 5Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Chile 94.0 • LCanada 93.8 • LSeychelles 91.4 • LSamoa 91.3 • LNamibia 83.3 • LAustralia 81.3 • LRussian Federation 81.0 • LArgentina 80.1 • LIceland 79.3 • LNew Zealand 79.1 • LNorway 76.9 • LSuriname 76.9 • LFiji 75.5 • LPalau 75.0 • LUnited States 74.6 • LGuyana 74.5 • LSolomon Islands 72.5 • LUnited Arab Emirates 72.3 • LEstonia 72.1 • LOman 70.5 • LCosta Rica 70.3 • LFinland 69.5 • pTonga 69.3 • LEcuador 66.9 • LNicaragua 66.6 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 66.2 • pBelize 66.2 • LPapua New Guinea 65.2 • LQatar 65.0 • LVanuatu 64.7 • 5Saudi Arabia 64.5 • 5Korea, Rep. 64.3 • pMalaysia 64.2 • LCroatia 63.7 • pMexico 63.5 • 5Bahrain 63.5 • LPanama 63.4 • LKuwait 63.2 • pUnited Kingdom 63.0 • 5Gabon 63.0 • LTuvalu 62.9 • pSweden 62.8 • pJapan 62.3 • pBarbados 62.3 • pAntigua and Barbuda 62.1 • pIreland 61.9 • DVenezuela, RB 61.6 • DThe Bahamas 61.4 • LTrinidad and Tobago 61.3 • 5

Mauritius 61.3 • pGreece 61.3 • DColombia 61.1 • L


Cabo Verde 59.9 • LMauritania 59.7 • pSomalia 59.5 • pMontenegro 59.5 • 5Brazil 59.0 • pUkraine 58.8 • pHonduras 58.5 • pUruguay 58.0 • DEquatorial Guinea 57.8 • pDominica 57.7 • DMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 57.6 • DAlbania 57.3 • DMadagascar 57.3 • pPeru 57.2 • 5Brunei Darussalam 57.1 • 5Libya 57.1 • DCuba 56.9 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 56.6 • pSri Lanka 56.2 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 56.1 • DRomania 56.1 • 5Indonesia 55.8 • 5Grenada 55.5 • DGuinea-Bissau 55.0 • DEritrea 54.6 • pSt. Lucia 54.6 • 5Marshall Islands 54.5 • pSouth Africa 54.3 • 5Yemen, Rep. 54.1 • pLatvia 54.0 • 5Denmark 53.8 • pGeorgia 53.6 • pThailand 53.4 • 5Cyprus 53.2 • pMorocco 52.8 • pAngola 52.7 • pMozambique 52.7 • pPhilippines 52.6 • DCambodia 52.2 • DTimor-Leste 51.5 • 5Portugal 51.1 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 50.8 • pSpain 50.5 • pItaly 50.2 • p



*Imputed data point



The percentage of a country’s total catch, within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), that is comprised of fish that are overexploited or collapsed, weighted by the quality of fish catch data.Source: Sea around Us (2018) & EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)

Percentage of fish stocks overexploited or collapsed by EEZ (%)

Papua New Guinea 56.9 • pGermany 57.3 • LIceland 58.0 • pCuba 59.7 • pPoland 59.9 • LAlgeria 65.2 • pCyprus 66.6 • LLibya 67.1 • pPortugal 70.5 • pJapan 72.5 • pArgentina 74.0 • pJamaica 74.0 • pItaly 75.1 • pAustralia 75.4 • pVenezuela, RB 79.6 • pTurkey 79.7 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 92.3 • pEl Salvador 100.0 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Albania NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Belize NA • ••Benin NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Bulgaria NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Congo, Rep. NA • ••Côte d’Ivoire NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••The Gambia NA • ••

Georgia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Israel NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Lithuania NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Romania NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Slovenia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Yemen, Rep. 0.1 • LMarshall Islands 1.1 • LEstonia 1.3 • LVietnam 1.6 • LBangladesh 1.7 • LPeru 2.1 • LSierra Leone 2.1 • LKiribati 2.4 • LGuinea 3.5 • LPalau 3.8 • LDominican Republic 4.0 • LTuvalu 4.0 • LFinland 4.5 • LOman 5.7 • LTunisia 5.8 • LMorocco 6.3 • LKorea, Rep. 7.0 • LCroatia 7.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 7.5 • LChina 8.6 • LTimor-Leste 9.2 • LEritrea 10.7 • LAngola 10.9 • LHaiti 12.0 • LNamibia 12.3 • LIndia 12.4 • LMalta 12.5 • LMaldives 12.5 • LNorway 12.8 • LColombia 12.8 • LNigeria 13.4 • LEquatorial Guinea 13.7 • LMadagascar 14.2 • LMauritania 15.7 • LTanzania 16.4 • LLiberia 17.6 • LGuatemala 18.1 • LSri Lanka 18.2 • LNauru 18.3 • LFrance 19.6 • LMyanmar 19.7 • LMozambique 20.0 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 20.3 • LUnited Kingdom 20.5 • LIreland 21.6 • LIndonesia 21.7 • LHonduras 21.7 • LPhilippines 23.4 • LMalaysia 23.5 • L

Comoros 24.0 • LFiji 24.2 • LSomalia 25.4 • LCosta Rica 25.5 • pSenegal 25.6 • LSaudi Arabia 26.5 • LCabo Verde 26.8 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 27.4 • LEcuador 28.2 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 28.4 • LSolomon Islands 28.7 • pMauritius 28.9 • LThe Bahamas 29.1 • pUnited Arab Emirates 29.4 • pSuriname 29.9 • pUnited States 30.1 • pUkraine 30.1 • LTrinidad and Tobago 31.4 • pKenya 32.4 • LSamoa 33.7 • pBrazil 33.7 • LSouth Africa 33.8 • pMexico 34.4 • pNicaragua 35.0 • pGuyana 35.1 • DSpain 35.3 • LVanuatu 37.1 • pUruguay 37.5 • LAntigua and Barbuda 38.3 • LNew Zealand 38.3 • LGhana 39.0 • LSudan 39.2 • DPakistan 39.3 • pChile 40.1 • DPanama 40.6 • LTonga 42.0 • pCanada 44.0 • DDenmark 44.0 • LCambodia 44.9 • pSweden 45.8 • pGabon 47.2 • pNetherlands 48.4 • pGreece 48.6 • pBarbados 52.2 • 5Latvia 54.5 • pGuinea-Bissau 54.6 • pRussian Federation 55.4 • pThailand 55.6 • pSeychelles 56.0 • L



*Imputed data point



The percentage of a country’s total fish catch, in tonnes, caught by trawling, a method of fishing in which industrial fishing vessels drag large nets (trawls) along the seabed.Source: Sea around Us (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)

Fish caught by trawling (%)

Cambodia 61.4 • pMorocco 62.0 • 5Vietnam 64.0 • pIceland 70.3 • pRomania 70.3 • LDenmark 71.2 • 5United Kingdom 71.2 • pBelize 78.2 • pSweden 79.3 • 5Finland 79.3 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 80.2 • ••Germany 80.6 • 5Ireland 85.9 • 5Albania 86.3 • 5Namibia 88.1 • 5Slovenia 89.7 • ••Ukraine 90.0 • pDominica 92.1 • 5Malta 93.6 • 5Belgium 97.1 • 5Netherlands 97.4 • 5Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Eswatini NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Fiji NA • ••

Grenada NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Palau NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Maldives 0.0 • ••Oman 0.4 • LPapua New Guinea 0.6 • LVanuatu 1.0 • LGuinea-Bissau 1.2 • ••The Gambia 1.4 • LBenin 1.5 • LSudan 2.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 2.1 • LPeru 2.2 • LChile 2.3 • LTanzania 2.8 • LCuba 2.9 • LColombia 4.0 • LLithuania 4.2 • LCôte d’Ivoire 4.3 • LPhilippines 4.5 • LVenezuela, RB 5.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 5.1 • LUnited Arab Emirates 5.6 • LEcuador 5.9 • LLiberia 6.1 • ••Georgia 6.4 • LMauritius 6.5 • ••Ghana 7.8 • LCameroon 7.9 • LKenya 8.0 • 5Congo, Rep. 8.0 • 5Yemen, Rep. 8.2 • LPanama 9.3 • LLebanon 10.0 • ••India 10.2 • 5Somalia 10.4 • 5Portugal 11.3 • pEl Salvador 11.5 • LBahrain 11.7 • DMexico 12.4 • LMadagascar 13.6 • 5Mozambique 14.1 • LSenegal 15.2 • LTogo 15.4 • pBangladesh 15.6 • pCosta Rica 16.3 • DGuinea 17.4 • DBrazil 17.5 • pThailand 17.7 • pCroatia 17.9 • LSaudi Arabia 17.9 • LHonduras 18.3 • p

Libya 19.9 • pBulgaria 20.6 • LNicaragua 21.7 • LGreece 21.8 • DSyrian Arab Republic 22.0 • LSuriname 22.5 • LTrinidad and Tobago 23.0 • pMauritania 23.0 • LEquatorial Guinea 23.2 • pPakistan 23.9 • 5Japan 24.2 • pSouth Africa 26.6 • pFrance 27.8 • 5Tunisia 28.1 • pAustralia 28.3 • pNigeria 28.5 • 5Angola 28.9 • DEstonia 29.6 • pSierra Leone 29.6 • pAlgeria 29.6 • pIraq 30.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 30.0 • pGuatemala 30.9 • LCanada 30.9 • 5Brunei Darussalam 33.3 • DSpain 33.6 • LCabo Verde 33.7 • ••Turkey 33.8 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 34.5 • LSri Lanka 35.8 • pIndonesia 36.9 • pGabon 39.6 • pNorway 40.3 • pNew Zealand 43.1 • pUnited States 44.4 • pKorea, Rep. 45.1 • 5Uruguay 46.8 • DMyanmar 46.9 • 5Malaysia 47.4 • 5Kuwait 48.4 • pItaly 51.8 • DIsrael 52.3 • DMontenegro 52.8 • pGuyana 54.8 • pPoland 56.5 • pRussian Federation 60.0 • DChina 60.0 • pArgentina 60.5 • 5Latvia 61.2 • L



*Imputed data point



The mean percentage area of terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%)

Azerbaijan 39.4 • 5Panama 38.8 • 5Algeria 38.8 • 5Timor-Leste 38.7 • 5Colombia 38.0 • 5South Africa 37.7 • DKenya 37.5 • 5Pakistan 36.6 • 5Korea, Rep. 36.6 • 5Palau 36.6 • 5Samoa 36.5 • DCameroon 36.3 • 5Chile 35.7 • 5Switzerland 35.2 • 5The Gambia 34.6 • 5Mali 33.8 • 5South Sudan 33.6 • 5Mexico 33.4 • DArgentina 33.2 • 5Mozambique 31.3 • 5Yemen, Rep. 31.1 • 5United Arab Emirates 30.8 • LGuatemala 30.8 • 5Armenia 30.5 • 5Eswatini 30.3 • 5Serbia 30.2 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 29.2 • 5Ecuador 29.0 • 5Georgia 28.4 • 5Angola 28.4 • 5Bahrain 27.5 • 5Russian Federation 26.9 • 5El Salvador 26.6 • 5India 26.1 • 5Andorra 26.1 • DCanada 25.7 • 5Marshall Islands 25.4 • 5Sudan 25.0 • DThe Bahamas 24.7 • LMadagascar 24.3 • 5Ukraine 23.7 • 5Moldova 23.6 • 5Indonesia 23.5 • 5Paraguay 23.3 • 5Myanmar 22.9 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 22.6 • 5Jamaica 22.0 • 5Singapore 21.1 • 5North Macedonia 21.1 • 5

Tajikistan 21.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 21.0 • 5Uruguay 20.8 • 5Ethiopia 19.8 • 5Seychelles 19.7 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 18.4 • 5Iceland 18.0 • 5Liberia 16.4 • 5Kazakhstan 16.3 • 5Uzbekistan 15.9 • 5Israel 15.7 • 5Lesotho 15.3 • 5Cabo Verde 15.1 • 5Mauritania 14.6 • 5Turkmenistan 14.6 • 5Eritrea 13.3 • 5Lebanon 13.1 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.0 • 5Montenegro 11.9 • 5Oman 11.5 • 5Haiti 10.5 • 5Comoros 10.4 • 5Mauritius 10.4 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 10.2 • 5Solomon Islands 9.5 • 5Tonga 9.3 • 5Papua New Guinea 7.3 • 5Vanuatu 6.4 • 5Afghanistan 6.1 • 5Iraq 5.1 • 5Fiji 4.9 • 5Libya 4.6 • 5Turkey 2.3 • 5Barbados 2.1 • 5Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1.3 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 1.1 • 5Djibouti 0.9 • 5Maldives 0.0 • 5Nauru 0.0 • 5Somalia 0.0 • 5Guyana NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Peru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United States NA • ••

Equatorial Guinea 100.0 • LMalta 99.4 • LLatvia 97.3 • LTogo 97.0 • LBulgaria 95.6 • LEstonia 94.9 • LCzech Republic 92.3 • LLithuania 91.6 • LNetherlands 91.4 • LIreland 89.9 • LDenmark 89.7 • LSlovenia 88.7 • LPoland 88.1 • LZimbabwe 85.9 • LNamibia 85.4 • LGhana 85.0 • LUnited Kingdom 84.4 • LSlovak Republic 83.6 • LHungary 82.9 • LMalawi 81.6 • LFrance 81.2 • LBelgium 80.8 • LSierra Leone 80.3 • LNigeria 79.6 • LCôte d’Ivoire 79.1 • LLuxembourg 78.7 • LGermany 78.6 • LItaly 78.0 • LBenin 77.4 • LRomania 77.3 • LGuinea 76.4 • LDominican Republic 76.2 • LLiechtenstein 75.8 • LCentral African Republic 74.4 • LPortugal 73.9 • LNicaragua 73.7 • LCuba 73.4 • LGreece 73.2 • LFinland 72.6 • LCongo, Rep. 72.1 • LUganda 72.0 • LCroatia 72.0 • LBurkina Faso 71.8 • LThailand 71.7 • LChad 70.6 • LJapan 68.5 • LVenezuela, RB 67.4 • LAlbania 67.0 • LAustria 66.3 • L

Honduras 65.0 • LBrunei Darussalam 62.9 • LGabon 61.7 • LKuwait 59.0 • LSweden 58.8 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 58.0 • LCyprus 57.8 • LTanzania 57.0 • LSpain 56.3 • LBolivia 56.2 • LNorway 55.9 • LNepal 54.6 • LAustralia 54.3 • LGuinea-Bissau 52.6 • LKiribati 52.5 • LSuriname 51.2 • LBurundi 51.2 • LQatar 50.0 • 5Sri Lanka 49.8 • LBelarus 49.1 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 48.6 • 5Zambia 48.3 • 5Bangladesh 48.0 • 5China 47.6 • 5Brazil 47.6 • 5Botswana 47.1 • 5St. Lucia 46.0 • 5Belize 46.0 • 5Rwanda 45.7 • 5Lao PDR 45.5 • 5Costa Rica 45.3 • 5New Zealand 44.3 • 5Dominica 44.3 • 5Mongolia 43.7 • DMorocco 43.0 • 5Bhutan 42.9 • DNiger 42.7 • 5


42.7 • 5

Grenada 42.7 • 5Philippines 41.7 • 5Senegal 41.2 • 5Vietnam 40.9 • LTunisia 40.8 • DTrinidad and Tobago 40.7 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 40.1 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 39.6 • 5Cambodia 39.5 • 5Malaysia 39.5 • 5



*Imputed data point



The mean percentage area of freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%)

Georgia 27.3 • 5Armenia 26.9 • 5New Zealand 26.7 • 5Israel 26.1 • 5Azerbaijan 24.5 • 5Paraguay 24.5 • 5Lebanon 21.1 • 5Bangladesh 20.8 • 5Canada 20.6 • 5Lao PDR 19.9 • 5Myanmar 18.5 • 5Belize 18.3 • 5Saudi Arabia 17.7 • 5Ukraine 17.5 • 5Kazakhstan 17.4 • 5Ethiopia 16.0 • 5Brazil 15.6 • 5India 15.2 • 5Turkmenistan 13.1 • 5Moldova 10.8 • 5Uzbekistan 10.4 • 5Mexico 9.2 • 5Yemen, Rep. 7.7 • 5Iraq 5.1 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 4.3 • 5Turkey 4.1 • 5Uruguay 2.3 • 5Fiji 0.1 • 5Afghanistan 0.1 • 5Eritrea 0.0 • 5Djibouti 0.0 • 5Haiti 0.0 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • 5Montenegro 0.0 • 5Somalia 0.0 • 5Sudan 0.0 • 5Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Benin NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Costa Rica NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••

Eswatini NA • ••The Gambia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Honduras NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Panama NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Peru NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Senegal NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••United States NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Congo, Rep. 100.0 • LGuinea 100.0 • LDenmark 100.0 • LBulgaria 98.6 • LDominican Republic 97.9 • LIreland 97.7 • LLatvia 97.5 • LCentral African Republic 95.9 • LLithuania 95.2 • LGabon 93.6 • LEstonia 93.6 • LSlovenia 93.1 • LCzech Republic 92.1 • LBelgium 91.9 • LPoland 91.8 • LNetherlands 91.1 • LAlbania 89.5 • LGreece 88.4 • LCôte d’Ivoire 87.4 • LUnited Kingdom 87.3 • LNorth Macedonia 86.0 • LVenezuela, RB 85.8 • LNamibia 85.4 • LHungary 84.9 • LItaly 84.7 • LEl Salvador 81.6 • LSlovak Republic 81.3 • LGermany 81.1 • LMorocco 80.8 • LCroatia 80.2 • LSri Lanka 79.9 • LZimbabwe 79.0 • LFrance 78.0 • LMalaysia 76.6 • LMozambique 74.1 • LFinland 74.0 • LBolivia 73.8 • LSierra Leone 72.5 • LEcuador 70.9 • LChad 70.2 • LAustria 68.9 • LJapan 67.0 • LRomania 65.9 • LNicaragua 65.8 • LPortugal 64.0 • LCameroon 63.6 • LBurkina Faso 63.0 • LSweden 61.9 • LUganda 60.8 • L

Switzerland 60.1 • LNigeria 59.1 • LSouth Sudan 58.8 • LMadagascar 56.4 • LZambia 56.2 • LNorway 55.9 • LBelarus 52.9 • LBurundi 52.3 • LBrunei Darussalam 50.0 • LGuatemala 49.6 • 5Suriname 49.4 • 5Algeria 49.0 • 5Liberia 48.6 • 5Philippines 48.1 • 5Rwanda 47.8 • 5Botswana 46.0 • 5Niger 45.3 • 5Spain 44.8 • 5Mali 43.7 • 5Thailand 43.6 • 5Argentina 43.5 • 5Tunisia 43.4 • LMongolia 42.1 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 40.4 • 5Bosnia and Herzegovina 40.0 • 5South Africa 39.9 • LIndonesia 39.3 • 5Chile 38.7 • 5Kenya 38.4 • 5Luxembourg 37.1 • 5Pakistan 37.0 • 5Korea, Rep. 36.8 • 5Nepal 36.5 • 5China 36.1 • 5Malawi 35.9 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 35.6 • 5Australia 35.1 • DTajikistan 34.6 • 5Bhutan 34.3 • DTanzania 33.9 • 5Iceland 33.9 • 5Angola 33.3 • 5Vietnam 33.2 • DCambodia 33.0 • 5Colombia 31.6 • 5Serbia 31.5 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 31.1 • 5Egypt, Arab Rep. 28.5 • 5Russian Federation 27.4 • 5



*Imputed data point



The change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. The index is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Source: IUCN and Birdlife International (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Red List Index of species survival (0–1)

Argentina 0.9 • 5Singapore 0.9 • pPakistan 0.9 • pPortugal 0.9 • pTogo 0.9 • 5Albania 0.9 • 5Nicaragua 0.9 • 5Rwanda 0.8 • 5Greece 0.8 • 5Bahrain 0.8 • pSpain 0.8 • pArmenia 0.8 • pGhana 0.8 • pSt. Lucia 0.8 • pMaldives 0.8 • pEthiopia 0.8 • 5United States 0.8 • pAfghanistan 0.8 • pMarshall Islands 0.8 • pCameroon 0.8 • pPapua New Guinea 0.8 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 0.8 • pUruguay 0.8 • pQatar 0.8 • pMozambique 0.8 • pTuvalu 0.8 • pEl Salvador 0.8 • pBrunei Darussalam 0.8 • pVenezuela, RB 0.8 • pNepal 0.8 • 5Australia 0.8 • pDjibouti 0.8 • pCambodia 0.8 • pEswatini 0.8 • pCosta Rica 0.8 • pIraq 0.8 • pSamoa 0.8 • pTrinidad and Tobago 0.8 • pMontenegro 0.8 • pEquatorial Guinea 0.8 • pLao PDR 0.8 • pMalawi 0.8 • pMyanmar 0.8 • pBhutan 0.8 • pKenya 0.8 • pThailand 0.8 • pMadagascar 0.8 • pZimbabwe 0.8 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.8 • p

United Kingdom 0.8 • pJapan 0.8 • pKorea, Rep. 0.8 • pSouth Africa 0.8 • p


Nauru 0.8 • pKiribati 0.8 • pSolomon Islands 0.8 • pBangladesh 0.8 • pChile 0.8 • pGrenada 0.8 • pComoros 0.8 • pIndonesia 0.8 • pMonaco 0.8 • pUganda 0.7 • pIsrael 0.7 • pHonduras 0.7 • pBelize 0.7 • pChina 0.7 • pPalau 0.7 • pColombia 0.7 • pVietnam 0.7 • pDominican Republic 0.7 • pPanama 0.7 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 0.7 • pPeru 0.7 • pJamaica 0.7 • pGuatemala 0.7 • pHaiti 0.7 • pTonga 0.7 • pThe Bahamas 0.7 • pMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.7 • pTanzania 0.7 • pEcuador 0.7 • pMalaysia 0.7 • pIndia 0.7 • pMexico 0.7 • pFiji 0.7 • pSeychelles 0.7 • pDominica 0.7 • pVanuatu 0.7 • pCuba 0.7 • pPhilippines 0.6 • pNew Zealand 0.6 • pSri Lanka 0.6 • pMauritius 0.4 • p

Liechtenstein 1.0 • LSan Marino 1.0 • LSweden 1.0 • LFinland 1.0 • LBurkina Faso 1.0 • LLithuania 1.0 • LLatvia 1.0 • LLuxembourg 1.0 • LBelgium 1.0 • LSuriname 1.0 • LTajikistan 1.0 • LCongo, Rep. 1.0 • LEstonia 1.0 • LKyrgyz Republic 1.0 • LCyprus 1.0 • LGermany 1.0 • LSwitzerland 1.0 • LMali 1.0 • LThe Gambia 1.0 • LBotswana 1.0 • LMauritania 1.0 • LTunisia 1.0 • LTurkmenistan 1.0 • LDenmark 1.0 • LLibya 1.0 • LCanada 1.0 • LNorth Macedonia 1.0 • LCzech Republic 1.0 • LPoland 1.0 • LBelarus 1.0 • LUzbekistan 1.0 • LMoldova 1.0 • LNamibia 1.0 • LLesotho 1.0 • LSlovak Republic 1.0 • LGabon 1.0 • LGuinea-Bissau 1.0 • LJordan 1.0 • LSerbia 1.0 • LRussian Federation 1.0 • LSyrian Arab Republic 1.0 • LParaguay 0.9 • LRomania 0.9 • LMongolia 0.9 • LUkraine 0.9 • LCentral African Republic 0.9 • LSenegal 0.9 • LNorway 0.9 • LBulgaria 0.9 • L

Netherlands 0.9 • LNiger 0.9 • LSlovenia 0.9 • LAngola 0.9 • LSudan 0.9 • LSouth Sudan 0.9 • LHungary 0.9 • LGuyana 0.9 • LBurundi 0.9 • LChad 0.9 • LAndorra 0.9 • LLebanon 0.9 • LItaly 0.9 • LIreland 0.9 • LBarbados 0.9 • LSierra Leone 0.9 • LKorea, Dem. Rep. 0.9 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 0.9 • LAzerbaijan 0.9 • LBenin 0.9 • LEritrea 0.9 • LSaudi Arabia 0.9 • LAlgeria 0.9 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 0.9 • LBrazil 0.9 • LCroatia 0.9 • 5Somalia 0.9 • LAustria 0.9 • 5Guinea 0.9 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.9 • 5Liberia 0.9 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 0.9 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 0.9 • pMorocco 0.9 • 5Timor-Leste 0.9 • pMalta 0.9 • 5Cabo Verde 0.9 • DOman 0.9 • 5Zambia 0.9 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.9 • pTurkey 0.9 • 5Nigeria 0.9 • 5Kazakhstan 0.9 • 5France 0.9 • pIceland 0.9 • pBolivia 0.9 • 5Kuwait 0.9 • pUnited Arab Emirates 0.9 • pGeorgia 0.9 • 5



*Imputed data point



The mean annual percentage of permanent deforestation over the period 2011 to 2015. Permanent deforestation refers to tree cover removal for urbanization, commodity production and certain types of small-scale agriculture. It does not include temporary forest loss due to the forestry sector or wildfires.Source: Curtis et al (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Permanent Deforestation (5 year average annual %)

Cameroon 0.2 • ••Peru 0.2 • ••Benin 0.2 • ••Togo 0.2 • ••Jamaica 0.2 • ••Mauritius 0.2 • ••Angola 0.2 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.2 • ••Mexico 0.2 • ••Chad 0.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.2 • ••Solomon Islands 0.2 • ••South Africa 0.2 • ••Rwanda 0.3 • ••Haiti 0.3 • ••Zambia 0.3 • ••Philippines 0.3 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.3 • ••Thailand 0.3 • ••Mali 0.3 • ••Zimbabwe 0.3 • ••Comoros 0.3 • ••Kenya 0.3 • ••Senegal 0.4 • ••Dominican Republic 0.4 • ••Tanzania 0.4 • ••Mozambique 0.4 • ••Nicaragua 0.4 • ••Myanmar 0.4 • ••Bolivia 0.4 • ••Brazil 0.4 • ••Honduras 0.4 • ••Uganda 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.5 • ••Guatemala 0.5 • ••Tunisia 0.6 • ••Algeria 0.6 • ••Ghana 0.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.7 • ••Lao PDR 0.7 • ••Belize 0.8 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.9 • ••Guinea 0.9 • ••Vietnam 0.9 • ••Liberia 0.9 • ••Argentina 1.0 • ••Madagascar 1.1 • ••Indonesia 1.3 • ••Sierra Leone 1.5 • ••

Malaysia 2.0 • ••Paraguay 2.3 • ••Cambodia 2.9 • ••Andorra NA* • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA* • ••Bahrain NA* • ••Barbados NA* • ••Burkina Faso NA* • ••Cabo Verde NA* • ••Djibouti NA* • ••Eritrea NA* • ••The Gambia NA* • ••Iceland NA* • ••Iraq NA* • ••Jordan NA* • ••Kiribati NA* • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA* • ••Kuwait NA* • ••Lesotho NA* • ••Libya NA* • ••Liechtenstein NA* • ••Maldives NA* • ••Malta NA* • ••Marshall Islands NA* • ••Mauritania NA* • ••Monaco NA* • ••Namibia NA* • ••Nauru NA* • ••Nigeria NA* • ••Oman NA* • ••Palau NA* • ••Qatar NA* • ••Samoa NA* • ••San Marino NA* • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA* • ••Saudi Arabia NA* • ••Seychelles NA* • ••Singapore NA* • ••Somalia NA* • ••South Sudan NA* • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA* • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA* • ••Tonga NA* • ••Turkmenistan NA* • ••Tuvalu NA* • ••United Arab Emirates NA* • ••Yemen, Rep. NA* • ••

Afghanistan 0.0* • ••Armenia 0.0 • ••Austria 0.0* • ••Belarus 0.0* • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0* • ••Croatia 0.0* • ••Czech Republic 0.0* • ••Denmark 0.0* • ••Estonia 0.0* • ••Finland 0.0* • ••Germany 0.0* • ••Hungary 0.0* • ••Lithuania 0.0* • ••Luxembourg 0.0* • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0* • ••Moldova 0.0* • ••Montenegro 0.0* • ••Netherlands 0.0* • ••Niger 0.0* • ••Norway 0.0* • ••Pakistan 0.0* • ••Poland 0.0* • ••Serbia 0.0* • ••Slovak Republic 0.0* • ••Slovenia 0.0* • ••Sweden 0.0* • ••Switzerland 0.0* • ••Tajikistan 0.0* • ••Ukraine 0.0* • ••United Kingdom 0.0* • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 • ••North Macedonia 0.0 • ••Bulgaria 0.0 • ••Ireland 0.0 • ••Latvia 0.0 • ••Greece 0.0 • ••Italy 0.0 • ••Kazakhstan 0.0 • ••Georgia 0.0 • ••Belgium 0.0 • ••Romania 0.0 • ••Mongolia 0.0 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.0 • ••France 0.0 • ••Japan 0.0 • ••Russian Federation 0.0 • ••Spain 0.0 • ••Portugal 0.0 • ••Azerbaijan 0.0 • ••

Albania 0.0 • ••Canada 0.0 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 • ••Nepal 0.0 • ••Cyprus 0.0 • ••China 0.0 • ••Uzbekistan 0.0 • ••India 0.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.0 • ••Bhutan 0.0 • ••Turkey 0.0 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0 • ••Botswana 0.0 • ••Dominica 0.0 • ••Vanuatu 0.0 • ••New Zealand 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Guyana 0.0 • ••Bangladesh 0.0 • ••Israel 0.0 • ••United States 0.0 • ••St. Lucia 0.0 • ••Fiji 0.0 • ••Suriname 0.1 • ••Central African Republic 0.1 • ••Australia 0.1 • ••Eswatini 0.1 • ••Gabon 0.1 • ••Uruguay 0.1 • ••Grenada 0.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 0.1 • ••Cuba 0.1 • ••Sri Lanka 0.1 • ••Chile 0.1 • ••Congo, Rep. 0.1 • ••Papua New Guinea 0.1 • ••Timor-Leste 0.1 • ••Costa Rica 0.1 • ••Ethiopia 0.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.1 • ••Ecuador 0.1 • ••Colombia 0.2 • ••Lebanon 0.2 • ••Burundi 0.2 • ••El Salvador 0.2 • ••Panama 0.2 • ••The Bahamas 0.2 • ••Morocco 0.2 • ••



*Imputed data point



The number of species threatened as a result of international trade expressed per 1,000,000 people.Source: Lenzen et al. (2012) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Imported biodiversity threats (per million population)

Uruguay 4.0 • ••Georgia 4.0 • ••Lebanon 4.2 • ••Lesotho 4.4 • ••Cabo Verde 4.7 • ••Albania 4.8 • ••Malaysia 4.8 • ••Israel 5.1 • ••Namibia 5.2 • ••Costa Rica 5.4 • ••Slovak Republic 5.5 • ••El Salvador 5.6 • ••Bahrain 5.7 • ••Fiji 5.7 • ••Czech Republic 5.8 • ••Belize 5.9 • ••Saudi Arabia 6.0 • ••Oman 6.0 • ••Eswatini 6.2 • ••Botswana 6.8 • ••Italy 7.0 • ••United States 7.0 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 7.0 • ••Qatar 7.0 • ••Korea, Rep. 7.3 • ••Panama 7.5 • ••Greece 7.6 • ••Bhutan 7.9 • ••Japan 7.9 • ••Croatia 7.9 • ••Latvia 8.1 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 8.2 • ••Lithuania 8.4 • ••Canada 8.4 • ••Estonia 8.4 • ••Finland 8.5 • ••Spain 8.8 • ••Portugal 8.9 • ••The Bahamas 8.9 • ••Vanuatu 8.9 • ••Suriname 9.1 • ••New Zealand 10.2 • ••Samoa 10.8 • ••Sweden 10.8 • ••Cyprus 10.9 • ••Germany 11.1 • ••France 11.3 • ••Belgium 11.5 • ••Barbados 12.1 • ••

Denmark 12.2 • ••Maldives 12.3 • ••United Kingdom 12.8 • ••Austria 13.4 • ••Netherlands 13.6 • ••Slovenia 14.0 • ••Ireland 14.3 • ••United Arab Emirates 15.1 • ••Malta 15.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 18.8 • ••Iceland 20.5 • ••Norway 21.0 • ••Andorra 26.0 • ••Mauritius 26.1 • ••Switzerland 26.1 • ••Serbia 26.4 • ••Brunei Darussalam 26.7 • ••Australia 30.6 • ••Kuwait 30.8 • ••Seychelles 40.3 • ••Montenegro 41.2 • ••Liechtenstein 47.8 • ••Singapore 53.0 • ••Monaco 53.7 • ••Luxembourg 61.1 • ••Guyana 140.2 • ••San Marino 236.9 • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Palau NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Myanmar 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.1 • ••South Sudan 0.1 • ••Pakistan 0.1 • ••Ethiopia 0.2 • ••Bangladesh 0.2 • ••Chad 0.2 • ••Tanzania 0.2 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.2 • ••Mozambique 0.3 • ••Afghanistan 0.3 • ••Haiti 0.3 • ••Burundi 0.3 • ••India 0.3 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.3 • ••Eritrea 0.3 • ••Cameroon 0.3 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.3 • ••Niger 0.3 • ••Nigeria 0.3 • ••Ghana 0.4 • ••Nepal 0.4 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.4 • ••Uganda 0.4 • ••Madagascar 0.4 • ••Mali 0.4 • ••Guinea 0.4 • ••Senegal 0.5 • ••Belarus 0.5 • ••Malawi 0.5 • ••Central African Republic 0.5 • ••Liberia 0.6 • ••Sierra Leone 0.6 • ••Benin 0.6 • ••The Gambia 0.6 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.7 • ••Iraq 0.7 • ••Uzbekistan 0.7 • ••Lao PDR 0.7 • ••Togo 0.7 • ••Morocco 0.7 • ••Cambodia 0.7 • ••China 0.7 • ••Moldova 0.7 • ••Burkina Faso 0.7 • ••Algeria 0.7 • ••Zambia 0.8 • ••Philippines 0.8 • ••

Kenya 0.8 • ••Brazil 0.9 • ••Angola 1.1 • ••Vietnam 1.1 • ••Zimbabwe 1.1 • ••Bolivia 1.1 • ••Sri Lanka 1.1 • ••Rwanda 1.2 • ••Congo, Rep. 1.2 • ••Azerbaijan 1.2 • ••Papua New Guinea 1.2 • ••Indonesia 1.3 • ••Peru 1.3 • ••Mexico 1.3 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.3 • ••Kazakhstan 1.4 • ••Cuba 1.4 • ••Tajikistan 1.4 • ••Turkey 1.5 • ••Dominican Republic 1.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 1.6 • ••Tunisia 1.6 • ••Ukraine 1.7 • ••Nicaragua 1.8 • ••Djibouti 1.9 • ••South Africa 1.9 • ••Argentina 2.0 • ••Guatemala 2.0 • ••Ecuador 2.0 • ••Mauritania 2.0 • ••Libya 2.1 • ••Venezuela, RB 2.1 • ••Romania 2.1 • ••Paraguay 2.1 • ••Mongolia 2.2 • ••Chile 2.3 • ••Colombia 2.3 • ••Russian Federation 2.4 • ••Armenia 2.5 • ••Jordan 2.5 • ••Honduras 2.6 • ••Thailand 2.6 • ••Gabon 3.0 • ••Poland 3.3 • ••Hungary 3.4 • ••Jamaica 3.4 • ••Bulgaria 3.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.8 • ••Turkmenistan 4.0 • ••



*Imputed data point



The number of intentional homicides per 100,000 people. Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; e.g. killing in armed conflict.Source: UNODC (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Homicides (per 100,000 population)

Timor-Leste 3.9 • 5Lebanon 4.0 • 5Cameroon 4.2 • ••Turkmenistan 4.2 • ••Somalia 4.3 • DTurkey 4.3 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.4 • 5Pakistan 4.4 • LNiger 4.4 • ••Montenegro 4.5 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 4.5 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 4.7 • 5Kazakhstan 4.8 • LAngola 4.8 • ••Kenya 4.9 • 5Cuba 5.0 • 5Sudan 5.2 • ••Lithuania 5.2 • DZambia 5.3 • 5United States 5.4 • pMongolia 5.7 • LEcuador 5.9 • LArgentina 5.9 • ••Burundi 6.0 • 5Benin 6.2 • 5Bolivia 6.3 • LUkraine 6.3 • 5Afghanistan 6.3 • ••Djibouti 6.5 • DYemen, Rep. 6.7 • ••Zimbabwe 6.7 • ••Tanzania 7.0 • DLao PDR 7.0 • DNicaragua 7.4 • LSenegal 7.4 • DKiribati 7.5 • ••Ethiopia 7.6 • 5Peru 7.7 • 5Madagascar 7.7 • DUruguay 7.7 • 5Comoros 7.7 • 5Papua New Guinea 7.8 • ••Gabon 8.0 • 5Eritrea 8.0 • 5Suriname 8.3 • ••Dominica 8.4 • ••Guinea 8.8 • 5Togo 9.0 • 5Chad 9.0 • 5

The Gambia 9.1 • 5Paraguay 9.3 • DCongo, Rep. 9.3 • 5Guinea-Bissau 9.5 • 5Panama 9.7 • 5Nigeria 9.8 • 5Iraq 9.9 • ••Mauritania 9.9 • 5Haiti 10.0 • ••Grenada 10.2 • LAntigua and Barbuda 10.3 • ••Russian Federation 10.8 • DMali 10.9 • 5Barbados 10.9 • 5Philippines 11.0 • 5Cabo Verde 11.5 • 5Uganda 11.5 • pCôte d’Ivoire 11.6 • 5Costa Rica 11.9 • 5Seychelles 12.7 • DCongo, Dem. Rep. 13.5 • 5South Sudan 13.9 • ••Botswana 15.0 • ••Dominican Republic 15.2 • LNamibia 17.1 • ••Eswatini 17.3 • ••Guyana 18.4 • pTuvalu 18.6 • ••Mexico 19.3 • DSt. Lucia 19.3 • LCentral African Republic 19.8 • ••Colombia 25.5 • DGuatemala 27.3 • DThe Bahamas 28.4 • pBrazil 29.5 • pTrinidad and Tobago 30.9 • 5South Africa 34.0 • pSt. Kitts and Nevis 34.2 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 36.5 • p

Belize 37.6 • DLesotho 41.2 • pJamaica 47.0 • DVenezuela, RB 56.3 • pHonduras 56.5 • DEl Salvador 82.8 • pMarshall Islands NA • ••

Andorra 0.0 • LLiechtenstein 0.0 • LMonaco 0.0 • LNauru 0.0 • ••San Marino 0.0 • ••Japan 0.3 • LIceland 0.3 • LSingapore 0.3 • LBurkina Faso 0.4 • LQatar 0.4 • LSlovenia 0.5 • LBrunei Darussalam 0.5 • ••Indonesia 0.5 • LNorway 0.5 • LBahrain 0.5 • LSwitzerland 0.5 • LNetherlands 0.6 • LCzech Republic 0.6 • LChina 0.6 • LSpain 0.6 • LPortugal 0.6 • LAustria 0.7 • LOman 0.7 • LPoland 0.7 • LItaly 0.7 • LKorea, Rep. 0.7 • LLuxembourg 0.7 • LGreece 0.8 • LMaldives 0.8 • ••Ireland 0.8 • LUnited Arab Emirates 0.9 • LMalta 0.9 • LAustralia 0.9 • LTonga 1.0 • ••Denmark 1.0 • LNew Zealand 1.0 • LGeorgia 1.0 • LCroatia 1.0 • LSlovak Republic 1.0 • LSweden 1.1 • LCyprus 1.1 • LBhutan 1.1 • LBulgaria 1.1 • LGermany 1.2 • LUnited Kingdom 1.2 • LMorocco 1.2 • LRomania 1.2 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 1.3 • LFrance 1.4 • L

Algeria 1.4 • LIsrael 1.4 • LSerbia 1.4 • LFinland 1.4 • LSaudi Arabia 1.5 • ••Vietnam 1.5 • ••Jordan 1.5 • 5North Macedonia 1.6 • LTajikistan 1.6 • ••Ghana 1.7 • ••Canada 1.7 • 5Sierra Leone 1.7 • LMalawi 1.7 • ••Kuwait 1.8 • ••Mauritius 1.8 • LCambodia 1.8 • ••Belgium 1.9 • 5Hungary 2.1 • pMalaysia 2.1 • ••Vanuatu 2.1 • DAzerbaijan 2.1 • DNepal 2.2 • LSyrian Arab Republic 2.2 • ••Fiji 2.3 • 5Myanmar 2.3 • 5Equatorial Guinea 2.3 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 2.5 • LBangladesh 2.5 • 5Libya 2.5 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 2.5 • ••Rwanda 2.5 • DSri Lanka 2.5 • LAlbania 2.7 • LArmenia 3.0 • 5Uzbekistan 3.0 • ••Tunisia 3.0 • ••Palau 3.1 • ••Samoa 3.1 • ••Estonia 3.2 • LMoldova 3.2 • LIndia 3.2 • DLiberia 3.2 • ••Thailand 3.2 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 3.4 • ••Latvia 3.4 • 5Mozambique 3.4 • ••Chile 3.5 • 5Belarus 3.6 • LSolomon Islands 3.8 • ••



*Imputed data point



Unsentenced prisoners, as a proportion of overall prison population. Persons held unsentenced or pre-trial refers to persons held in prisons, penal institutions or correctional institutions who are untried, pre-trial or awaiting a first instance decision on their case from a competent authority regarding their conviction or acquittal.Source: UNODC (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Unsentenced detainees (%)

Latvia 0.3 • pColombia 0.3 • 5Mozambique 0.3 • LEcuador 0.3 • ••Indonesia 0.4 • LMonaco 0.4 • pKorea, Rep. 0.4 • pCanada 0.4 • pGuyana 0.4 • LPapua New Guinea 0.4 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.4 • ••Mauritius 0.4 • 5Côte d’Ivoire 0.4 • ••Kenya 0.4 • 5Brazil 0.4 • LMauritania 0.4 • DMorocco 0.4 • LMexico 0.4 • pAndorra 0.4 • LSenegal 0.4 • DSwitzerland 0.4 • 5Peru 0.4 • LQatar 0.4 • ••Jordan 0.4 • 5Burkina Faso 0.4 • 5Lebanon 0.5 • pAntigua and Barbuda 0.5 • ••Angola 0.5 • 5Luxembourg 0.5 • 5Argentina 0.5 • 5Albania 0.5 • 5Tunisia 0.5 • ••Tanzania 0.5 • ••Burundi 0.5 • DGuatemala 0.5 • ••Mali 0.5 • 5Sri Lanka 0.5 • 5Honduras 0.5 • 5St. Lucia 0.5 • 5Madagascar 0.5 • 5Uganda 0.5 • 5Sierra Leone 0.5 • ••Barbados 0.5 • 5Panama 0.6 • DBelize 0.6 • 5The Bahamas 0.6 • ••Cambodia 0.6 • 5Cameroon 0.6 • 5Bolivia 0.6 • L

Congo, Rep. 0.6 • ••Niger 0.6 • 5Solomon Islands 0.6 • 5Togo 0.6 • ••Chad 0.6 • ••Venezuela, RB 0.6 • DDominican Republic 0.7 • 5Gabon 0.7 • ••India 0.7 • 5Guinea 0.7 • ••Liberia 0.7 • DPhilippines 0.7 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 0.7 • 5Nigeria 0.7 • ••Pakistan 0.7 • 5Uruguay 0.7 • 5Yemen, Rep. 0.7 • ••Haiti 0.7 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.7 • DBenin 0.7 • ••Bangladesh 0.8 • 5Paraguay 0.8 • 5Timor-Leste 0.8 • 5Libya 0.9 • 5San Marino 1.0 • ••Bhutan NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••China NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Somalia NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••

Tuvalu 0.0 • LSão Tomé and Príncipe 0.0 • LKiribati 0.1 • LRomania 0.1 • LNamibia 0.1 • LRwanda 0.1 • ••Brunei Darussalam 0.1 • LTonga 0.1 • ••Poland 0.1 • LBulgaria 0.1 • LCzech Republic 0.1 • LAlgeria 0.1 • LRussian Federation 0.1 • LLithuania 0.1 • LSingapore 0.1 • LNorth Macedonia 0.1 • LSlovenia 0.1 • LKuwait 0.1 • ••Myanmar 0.1 • ••Japan 0.1 • LMarshall Islands 0.1 • ••Nicaragua 0.1 • ••Georgia 0.1 • LVanuatu 0.1 • ••Ghana 0.1 • LSpain 0.1 • LKazakhstan 0.1 • LBelarus 0.1 • LSlovak Republic 0.1 • LTurkey 0.1 • LEthiopia 0.1 • ••Tajikistan 0.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.2 • LPortugal 0.2 • LMalawi 0.2 • LSeychelles 0.2 • LSerbia 0.2 • LLiechtenstein 0.2 • LZimbabwe 0.2 • LIreland 0.2 • LItaly 0.2 • LVietnam 0.2 • ••The Gambia 0.2 • LEswatini 0.2 • ••New Zealand 0.2 • LIceland 0.2 • LThailand 0.2 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.2 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.2 • ••

Finland 0.2 • LGrenada 0.2 • LAzerbaijan 0.2 • LLesotho 0.2 • LCosta Rica 0.2 • LMongolia 0.2 • LDjibouti 0.2 • LCyprus 0.2 • LSudan 0.2 • ••Austria 0.2 • LHungary 0.2 • LMoldova 0.2 • LMalta 0.2 • LUnited States 0.2 • LMalaysia 0.2 • ••Germany 0.2 • LDominica 0.2 • ••Fiji 0.2 • L


Suriname 0.2 • ••Botswana 0.2 • LNorway 0.2 • LEstonia 0.2 • LCroatia 0.2 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 0.3 • ••Netherlands 0.3 • LIsrael 0.3 • LJamaica 0.3 • LIraq 0.3 • ••Ukraine 0.3 • LEl Salvador 0.3 • LDenmark 0.3 • LBelgium 0.3 • LBahrain 0.3 • ••Montenegro 0.3 • LZambia 0.3 • ••South Africa 0.3 • LSweden 0.3 • LFrance 0.3 • LSouth Sudan 0.3 • ••Comoros 0.3 • ••Chile 0.3 • LGreece 0.3 • LCabo Verde 0.3 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0.3 • pAustralia 0.3 • LAfghanistan 0.3 • pArmenia 0.3 • L



*Imputed data point



The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “Yes” to the question “Do you feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where you live?”Source: Gallup (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Proportion of the population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%)

Lebanon 55.3 • pNigeria 54.3 • pKenya 54.3 • 5Libya 54.1 • ••Belarus 53.9 • pSenegal 53.3 • 5El Salvador 52.8 • LUganda 52.3 • pYemen, Rep. 52.2 • pCentral African Republic 52.1 • LEcuador 51.8 • 5Trinidad and Tobago 51.7 • ••Sierra Leone 51.0 • pCuba 50.8 • ••Benin 50.4 • DBelize 50.2 • ••Paraguay 49.9 • LHaiti 49.5 • 5Panama 49.3 • pMongolia 49.0 • pZimbabwe 48.7 • pGuinea 48.7 • pUruguay 48.4 • DColombia 48.2 • 5Togo 48.1 • pUkraine 47.9 • DChile 47.4 • pMozambique 47.4 • pPeru 47.4 • DMalawi 47.0 • LGuyana 46.7 • ••The Gambia 46.6 • ••Cameroon 46.2 • pAngola 46.2 • ••Nicaragua 46.2 • pBolivia 46.1 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 45.2 • DCosta Rica 43.5 • pCongo, Rep. 43.4 • pChad 42.9 • pMauritania 42.6 • pLesotho 42.6 • pMoldova 42.1 • pSouth Sudan 42.0 • pZambia 41.4 • pEswatini 40.6 • ••Madagascar 40.6 • pLiberia 40.3 • pCôte d’Ivoire 39.7 • p

Mexico 39.7 • pNamibia 39.6 • pArgentina 39.3 • pDominican Republic 36.8 • 5Gabon 34.7 • pBotswana 33.8 • pBrazil 33.6 • pSyrian Arab Republic 32.2 • ••South Africa 31.5 • pVenezuela, RB 16.9 • 5Afghanistan 12.5 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines


Singapore 94.2 • LNorway 93.0 • LQatar 92.1 • ••Slovenia 90.4 • LUnited Arab Emirates 90.0 • ••Turkmenistan 89.9 • LSwitzerland 89.2 • LArmenia 89.1 • LTajikistan 87.9 • LFinland 87.6 • LRwanda 87.1 • LDenmark 87.1 • LEgypt, Arab Rep. 87.0 • LChina 86.4 • ••Kuwait 85.8 • ••Uzbekistan 85.8 • LSomalia 85.4 • ••Netherlands 84.6 • LSpain 84.1 • LIceland 84.0 • LAustria 83.6 • LLuxembourg 83.5 • LCanada 82.1 • LJordan 81.4 • LUnited Kingdom 79.3 • LIndonesia 79.3 • LGeorgia 78.3 • LSerbia 77.8 • LIreland 77.8 • LSweden 77.1 • 5Saudi Arabia 76.8 • ••Malta 75.9 • 5Portugal 75.8 • LJapan 75.7 • LIsrael 75.1 • LCroatia 75.1 • LEstonia 74.9 • LAzerbaijan 74.7 • pGermany 74.5 • pCyprus 73.6 • LFrance 73.5 • LIndia 73.1 • LKorea, Rep. 72.9 • LMyanmar 72.8 • pCzech Republic 72.4 • LUnited States 72.4 • pDjibouti 71.6 • ••North Macedonia 71.5 • LSudan 71.3 • ••

Thailand 71.1 • DIran, Islamic Rep. 71.0 • LComoros 70.8 • ••Bangladesh 70.4 • pNew Zealand 69.1 • LLao PDR 68.6 • ••Pakistan 68.5 • LMontenegro 68.4 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 67.1 • pSlovak Republic 66.7 • LGhana 66.2 • pPoland 66.1 • 5Albania 65.9 • LBurundi 65.7 • LAustralia 64.9 • DBelgium 64.8 • pAlgeria 64.3 • ••Morocco 63.8 • pItaly 63.7 • LEthiopia 63.6 • pHungary 63.5 • LSri Lanka 63.3 • pRomania 63.2 • LBhutan 63.1 • ••Tunisia 62.9 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 62.9 • LTanzania 62.8 • pMauritius 62.5 • LVietnam 62.5 • 5Niger 62.2 • pJamaica 62.1 • pBurkina Faso 61.9 • LLatvia 61.7 • 5Philippines 61.6 • pLithuania 61.1 • LMali 60.8 • pKazakhstan 60.4 • pIraq 60.4 • pSuriname 60.2 • ••Bahrain 59.9 • ••Honduras 58.8 • LBulgaria 58.7 • 5Cambodia 58.5 • LGreece 57.5 • pRussian Federation 57.5 • DNepal 57.2 • pTurkey 56.8 • pMalaysia 56.4 • LGuatemala 55.6 • D



*Imputed data point



Survey-based assessment of protection of property rights, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 7 (best). The indicator reports respondents’ qualitative assessment of government efficiency, an aggregate measure based on respondents answers to several questions on the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights protection.Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Property rights 1 (worst) to 7 (best)

Uganda 3.8 • ••Honduras 3.8 • ••Algeria 3.8 • ••Bangladesh 3.8 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 3.7 • ••Malawi 3.7 • ••Croatia 3.7 • ••Liberia 3.7 • ••Belize 3.6 • ••Mali 3.6 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.6 • ••Russian Federation 3.6 • ••Peru 3.6 • ••Argentina 3.6 • ••Lesotho 3.6 • ••Pakistan 3.6 • ••Albania 3.6 • ••Paraguay 3.6 • ••Eswatini 3.6 • ••Nigeria 3.6 • ••Guyana 3.6 • ••Cambodia 3.5 • ••Hungary 3.5 • ••Mozambique 3.5 • ••Mongolia 3.5 • ••Sierra Leone 3.5 • ••Burkina Faso 3.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 3.4 • ••El Salvador 3.4 • ••Bulgaria 3.4 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 3.4 • ••Moldova 3.4 • ••Nicaragua 3.4 • ••Serbia 3.4 • ••Ecuador 3.3 • ••Ukraine 3.3 • ••Madagascar 3.2 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.1 • ••Burundi 3.1 • ••Suriname 3.1 • ••Myanmar 3.0 • ••Bolivia 2.9 • ••Chad 2.9 • ••Zimbabwe 2.8 • ••Yemen, Rep. 2.8 • ••Mauritania 2.7 • ••Timor-Leste 2.7 • ••Libya 2.6 • ••Haiti 2.5 • ••

Angola 2.4 • ••Venezuela, RB 1.8 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo, Rep. NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Switzerland 6.6 • ••Finland 6.5 • ••Singapore 6.3 • ••Luxembourg 6.3 • ••New Zealand 6.3 • ••United Kingdom 6.3 • ••Netherlands 6.2 • ••Norway 6.0 • ••Japan 6.0 • ••Canada 6.0 • ••Ireland 5.9 • ••Sweden 5.9 • ••Austria 5.9 • ••United Arab Emirates 5.9 • ••Belgium 5.8 • ••Iceland 5.8 • ••Denmark 5.8 • ••Australia 5.8 • ••United States 5.8 • ••Israel 5.7 • ••Qatar 5.6 • ••Germany 5.6 • ••France 5.5 • ••Estonia 5.4 • ••Rwanda 5.4 • ••Malaysia 5.3 • ••Bahrain 5.3 • ••Oman 5.2 • ••Malta 5.1 • ••Namibia 5.0 • ••Saudi Arabia 5.0 • ••Chile 5.0 • ••Bhutan 4.9 • ••Jordan 4.8 • ••Uruguay 4.8 • ••Costa Rica 4.8 • ••Panama 4.8 • ••Botswana 4.8 • ••Portugal 4.8 • ••Azerbaijan 4.8 • ••Korea, Rep. 4.8 • ••Czech Republic 4.8 • ••Barbados 4.7 • ••Mauritius 4.7 • ••South Africa 4.6 • ••Spain 4.6 • ••Morocco 4.6 • ••Indonesia 4.6 • ••China 4.6 • ••

Cyprus 4.5 • ••Jamaica 4.5 • ••Kenya 4.5 • ••Slovenia 4.5 • ••Romania 4.5 • ••Brunei Darussalam 4.4 • ••India 4.4 • ••Tajikistan 4.4 • ••Guinea 4.4 • ••Kuwait 4.4 • ••Georgia 4.3 • ••Lithuania 4.3 • ••Tunisia 4.3 • ••Brazil 4.3 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 4.3 • ••Senegal 4.3 • ••Armenia 4.3 • ••The Gambia 4.3 • ••Ghana 4.2 • ••Zambia 4.2 • ••Cameroon 4.2 • ••Philippines 4.2 • ••Slovak Republic 4.2 • ••Italy 4.2 • ••Sri Lanka 4.2 • ••Turkey 4.1 • ••Seychelles 4.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 4.1 • ••Cabo Verde 4.1 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 4.1 • ••Ethiopia 4.1 • ••Poland 4.1 • ••Latvia 4.0 • ••Kazakhstan 4.0 • ••North Macedonia 4.0 • ••Greece 4.0 • ••Mexico 4.0 • ••Nepal 4.0 • ••Tanzania 4.0 • ••Guatemala 3.9 • ••Colombia 3.9 • ••Gabon 3.9 • ••Thailand 3.9 • ••Benin 3.9 • ••Dominican Republic 3.9 • ••Lebanon 3.9 • ••Montenegro 3.9 • ••Lao PDR 3.9 • ••Vietnam 3.8 • ••



*Imputed data point



The percentage of children under the age of five whose births are reported as being registered with the relevant national civil authorities.Source: UNICEF (2017) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Birth registrations with civil authority, children under 5 years of age (%)

St. Lucia 92.0 • ••Djibouti 91.7 • ••Cabo Verde 91.0 • ••Philippines 90.2 • ••Gabon 89.6 • ••Guyana 88.7 • ••Tajikistan 88.4 • ••Dominican Republic 88.0 • ••Solomon Islands 88.0 • ••Comoros 87.3 • ••Mali 87.2 • ••Namibia 87.1 • ••South Africa 85.0 • ••Benin 84.8 • ••Nicaragua 84.7 • ••Paraguay 84.5 • ••Botswana 83.2 • ••Madagascar 83.0 • ••Nauru 82.6 • ••Myanmar 81.3 • ••Venezuela, RB 80.8 • ••Haiti 79.7 • ••Togo 78.1 • ••Burkina Faso 76.9 • ••Sierra Leone 76.7 • ••Bolivia 75.8 • ••Burundi 75.2 • ••Lao PDR 74.8 • ••Cambodia 73.3 • ••Indonesia 72.5 • ••The Gambia 72.0 • ••India 71.9 • ••Ghana 70.5 • ••Senegal 68.3 • ••Sudan 67.3 • ••Malawi 67.2 • ••Kenya 66.9 • ••Cameroon 66.1 • ••Mauritania 65.6 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 65.0 • ••Niger 63.9 • ••Central African Republic 61.0 • ••Samoa 58.6 • ••Nepal 58.1 • ••Guinea 57.9 • ••Rwanda 56.0 • ••Timor-Leste 55.2 • ••Equatorial Guinea 53.5 • ••Eswatini 53.5 • ••

Tuvalu 49.9 • ••Mozambique 47.9 • ••Zimbabwe 43.5 • ••Vanuatu 43.4 • ••Lesotho 43.3 • ••Afghanistan 42.3 • ••South Sudan 35.4 • ••Pakistan 33.6 • ••Yemen, Rep. 30.7 • ••Uganda 29.9 • ••Nigeria 29.8 • ••Tanzania 26.4 • ••Angola 25.0 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 24.6 • ••Liberia 24.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau 23.7 • ••Bangladesh 20.2 • ••Chad 12.0 • ••Zambia 11.3 • ••Somalia 3.0 • ••Ethiopia 2.7 • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••China NA • ••Croatia NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Malaysia NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Romania NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••

Andorra 100.0 • ••Australia 100.0 • ••Austria 100.0 • ••Belarus 100.0 • ••Belgium 100.0 • ••Bulgaria 100.0 • ••Canada 100.0 • ••Cuba 100.0 • ••Cyprus 100.0 • ••Czech Republic 100.0 • ••Denmark 100.0 • ••Estonia 100.0 • ••Finland 100.0 • ••France 100.0 • ••Germany 100.0 • ••Greece 100.0 • ••Hungary 100.0 • ••Iceland 100.0 • ••Ireland 100.0 • ••Israel 100.0 • ••Italy 100.0 • ••Japan 100.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 100.0 • ••Latvia 100.0 • ••Liechtenstein 100.0 • ••Lithuania 100.0 • ••Luxembourg 100.0 • ••Malta 100.0 • ••Monaco 100.0 • ••Netherlands 100.0 • ••New Zealand 100.0 • ••Norway 100.0 • ••Poland 100.0 • ••Portugal 100.0 • ••Qatar 100.0 • ••Russian Federation 100.0 • ••San Marino 100.0 • ••Slovak Republic 100.0 • ••Slovenia 100.0 • ••Spain 100.0 • ••Sweden 100.0 • ••Switzerland 100.0 • ••United Arab Emirates 100.0 • ••United Kingdom 100.0 • ••United States 100.0 • ••Bhutan 99.9 • ••Uzbekistan 99.9 • ••Ukraine 99.8 • ••Uruguay 99.8 • ••

Kazakhstan 99.7 • ••North Macedonia 99.7 • ••Algeria 99.6 • ••Costa Rica 99.6 • ••Georgia 99.6 • ••Moldova 99.6 • ••Turkmenistan 99.6 • ••Argentina 99.5 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 99.5 • ••Jamaica 99.5 • ••Lebanon 99.5 • ••Thailand 99.5 • ••Chile 99.4 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 99.4 • ••Montenegro 99.4 • ••Serbia 99.4 • ••Mongolia 99.3 • ••Iraq 99.2 • ••Tunisia 99.2 • ••Jordan 99.1 • ••Suriname 98.9 • ••Turkey 98.8 • ••Armenia 98.7 • ••Barbados 98.7 • ••Albania 98.6 • ••Colombia 98.6 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 98.6 • ••El Salvador 98.5 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 97.7 • ••Peru 97.7 • ••Sri Lanka 97.2 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 96.6 • ••Brazil 96.4 • ••Guatemala 96.4 • ••Vietnam 96.1 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 96.0 • ••Congo, Rep. 95.9 • ••Marshall Islands 95.9 • ••Belize 95.7 • ••Panama 95.6 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 95.2 • ••Mexico 95.0 • ••Ecuador 94.0 • ••Morocco 94.0 • ••Azerbaijan 93.6 • ••Honduras 93.6 • ••Kiribati 93.5 • ••Tonga 93.4 • ••Maldives 92.5 • ••



*Imputed data point



The perceived levels of public sector corruption, on a scale from 0 (highest level of perceived corruption) to 100 (lowest level of perceived corruption). The CPI aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country experts.Source: Transparency International (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Corruption Perception Index (0–100)

Colombia 36 • pPhilippines 36 • 5Tanzania 36 • LThailand 36 • pAlgeria 35 • pArmenia 35 • 5Brazil 35 • pCôte d’Ivoire 35 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 35 • pEl Salvador 35 • pPeru 35 • pTimor-Leste 35 • LZambia 35 • pEcuador 34 • 5Ethiopia 34 • 5Niger 34 • 5Moldova 33 • 5Pakistan 33 • DVietnam 33 • 5Liberia 32 • pMalawi 32 • 5Mali 32 • pUkraine 32 • DDjibouti 31 • pGabon 31 • pKazakhstan 31 • DMaldives 31 • pNepal 31 • DDominican Republic 30 • pSierra Leone 30 • 5Togo 30 • pBolivia 29 • pHonduras 29 • pKyrgyz Republic 29 • 5Lao PDR 29 • DMyanmar 29 • LParaguay 29 • 5Guinea 28 • 5Iran, Islamic Rep. 28 • 5Lebanon 28 • 5Mexico 28 • pPapua New Guinea 28 • 5Russian Federation 28 • pComoros 27 • 5Guatemala 27 • pKenya 27 • 5Mauritania 27 • pNigeria 27 • 5Bangladesh 26 • 5

Central African Republic 26 • 5Uganda 26 • 5Azerbaijan 25 • pCameroon 25 • pMadagascar 25 • pNicaragua 25 • pTajikistan 25 • pEritrea 24 • DMozambique 23 • pUzbekistan 23 • DZimbabwe 22 • 5Cambodia 20 • pCongo, Dem. Rep. 20 • pHaiti 20 • 5Turkmenistan 20 • 5Angola 19 • DChad 19 • pCongo, Rep. 19 • pIraq 18 • 5Venezuela, RB 18 • 5Burundi 17 • pLibya 17 • 5Afghanistan 16 • DEquatorial Guinea 16 • ••Guinea-Bissau 16 • pSudan 16 • 5Korea, Dem. Rep. 14 • DYemen, Rep. 14 • pSouth Sudan 13 • pSyrian Arab Republic 13 • pSomalia 10 • 5Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Belize NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••

Denmark 88 • LNew Zealand 87 • LFinland 85 • LSingapore 85 • LSweden 85 • LSwitzerland 85 • LNorway 84 • LNetherlands 82 • LCanada 81 • LLuxembourg 81 • LGermany 80 • LUnited Kingdom 80 • LAustralia 77 • LAustria 76 • LIceland 76 • LBelgium 75 • LEstonia 73 • LIreland 73 • LJapan 73 • LFrance 72 • LUnited States 71 • LUnited Arab Emirates 70 • LUruguay 70 • LBarbados 68 • LBhutan 68 • LChile 67 • LSeychelles 66 • LThe Bahamas 65 • LPortugal 64 • LBrunei Darussalam 63 • LQatar 62 • LBotswana 61 • LIsrael 61 • LPoland 60 • LSlovenia 60 • LCyprus 59 • pCzech Republic 59 • LLithuania 59 • 5Georgia 58 • LLatvia 58 • LSpain 58 • 5


58 • p

Cabo Verde 57 • LDominica 57 • pKorea, Rep. 57 • LCosta Rica 56 • LRwanda 56 • LSt. Lucia 55 • p

Malta 54 • pNamibia 53 • 5Grenada 52 • pItaly 52 • LOman 52 • LMauritius 51 • pSlovak Republic 50 • pJordan 49 • pSaudi Arabia 49 • pCroatia 48 • pCuba 47 • 5Malaysia 47 • pRomania 47 • 5Hungary 46 • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 46 • LVanuatu 46 • ••Greece 45 • pMontenegro 45 • 5Senegal 45 • 5Belarus 44 • LJamaica 44 • DSolomon Islands 44 • DMorocco 43 • LSouth Africa 43 • pSuriname 43 • LTunisia 43 • LBulgaria 42 • 5Burkina Faso 41 • DGhana 41 • pIndia 41 • DKuwait 41 • pLesotho 41 • pTrinidad and Tobago 41 • DTurkey 41 • pArgentina 40 • LBenin 40 • DChina 39 • 5Serbia 39 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 38 • 5Eswatini 38 • pIndonesia 38 • 5Sri Lanka 38 • 5The Gambia 37 • LGuyana 37 • LMongolia 37 • pNorth Macedonia 37 • pPanama 37 • pAlbania 36 • 5Bahrain 36 • p



*Imputed data point



The percentage of children, between the age of 5-14 years old, involved in child labour at the time of the survey. A child is considered to be involved in child labour under the following conditions: (a) children 5–11 years old who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or (b) children 12–14 years old who, during the reference week, did at least 14 hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores. We assumed 0% child labour for high-income countries for which no data was reported.Source: UNICEF (2017) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Children 5–14 years old involved in child labour (%)

Guyana 18.3 • ••The Gambia 19.2 • ••Cambodia 19.3 • ••Liberia 20.8 • ••Ghana 21.8 • ••Peru 21.8 • ••Comoros 22.0 • ••Mozambique 22.2 • ••Yemen, Rep. 22.7 • ••Lesotho 22.9 • ••Madagascar 22.9 • ••Senegal 23.0 • ••Congo, Rep. 23.3 • ••Angola 23.4 • ••Haiti 24.4 • ••Nigeria 24.7 • ••Sudan 24.9 • ••Guatemala 25.8 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 25.8 • ••Kenya 25.9 • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 26.0 • ••Burundi 26.3 • ••Bolivia 26.4 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 26.4 • ••Ethiopia 27.4 • ••Paraguay 27.6 • ••Equatorial Guinea 27.8 • ••Togo 27.9 • ••Guinea 28.3 • ••Central African Republic 28.5 • ••Rwanda 28.5 • ••Tanzania 28.8 • ••Afghanistan 29.4 • ••Niger 30.5 • ••Nepal 37.4 • ••Sierra Leone 37.4 • ••Mauritania 37.6 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 38.4 • ••Burkina Faso 39.2 • ••Malawi 39.3 • ••Zambia 40.6 • ••Cameroon 47.0 • ••Solomon Islands 47.8 • ••Somalia 49.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 51.1 • ••Chad 51.5 • ••Benin 52.5 • ••Mali 55.8 • ••Andorra NA • ••

Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Bulgaria NA • ••China NA • ••Croatia NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Malaysia NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Namibia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Pakistan NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Russian Federation NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••South Africa NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••

Australia 0.0* • ••Austria 0.0* • ••Belgium 0.0* • ••Canada 0.0* • ••Czech Republic 0.0* • ••Denmark 0.0* • ••Estonia 0.0* • ••Finland 0.0* • ••France 0.0* • ••Germany 0.0* • ••Greece 0.0* • ••Hungary 0.0* • ••Iceland 0.0* • ••Ireland 0.0* • ••Israel 0.0* • ••Italy 0.0* • ••Japan 0.0* • ••Korea, Rep. 0.0* • ••Latvia 0.0* • ••Lithuania 0.0* • ••Luxembourg 0.0* • ••Netherlands 0.0* • ••New Zealand 0.0* • ••Norway 0.0* • ••Poland 0.0* • ••Slovak Republic 0.0* • ••Slovenia 0.0* • ••Spain 0.0* • ••Sweden 0.0* • ••Switzerland 0.0* • ••United Kingdom 0.0* • ••United States 0.0* • ••Turkmenistan 0.3 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.7 • ••Romania 0.9 • ••Sri Lanka 1.0 • ••Belarus 1.4 • ••Jordan 1.7 • ••Barbados 1.9 • ••Lebanon 1.9 • ••Tunisia 2.1 • ••Kazakhstan 2.2 • ••Ukraine 2.4 • ••Panama 2.5 • ••Bhutan 2.9 • ••Belize 3.2 • ••Jamaica 3.3 • ••Portugal 3.4 • ••St. Lucia 3.9 • ••

Syrian Arab Republic 4.0 • ••Costa Rica 4.1 • ••Suriname 4.1 • ••Georgia 4.2 • ••Timor-Leste 4.2 • ••Bangladesh 4.3 • ••Argentina 4.4 • ••Bahrain 4.6 • ••Iraq 4.7 • ••Ecuador 4.9 • ••Algeria 5.0 • ••Albania 5.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.3 • ••Turkey 5.9 • ••Cabo Verde 6.4 • ••Azerbaijan 6.5 • ••Brazil 6.6 • ••Chile 6.6 • ••Indonesia 6.9 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 7.0 • ••Eswatini 7.3 • ••Djibouti 7.7 • ••Venezuela, RB 7.7 • ••Colombia 7.8 • ••Uruguay 7.9 • ••Morocco 8.3 • ••Thailand 8.3 • ••Armenia 8.7 • ••El Salvador 8.9 • ••Botswana 9.0 • ••Myanmar 9.3 • ••Serbia 9.5 • ••Tajikistan 10.0 • ••Lao PDR 10.1 • ••Philippines 11.1 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 11.4 • ••India 11.8 • ••Mexico 12.4 • ••Montenegro 12.5 • ••North Macedonia 12.5 • ••Dominican Republic 12.8 • ••Gabon 13.4 • ••Honduras 14.1 • ••Nicaragua 14.5 • ••Vanuatu 15.2 • ••Moldova 16.3 • ••Uganda 16.3 • ••Vietnam 16.4 • ••Mongolia 17.3 • ••



*Imputed data point



The volume of major conventional weapons exported, expressed in constant 1990 US$ millions per 100 000 people. It is calculated based on the trend-indicator value, which is based on the known unit production cost of a core set of weapons, and does not reflect the financial value of the exports. Small arms, light weapons, ammunition and other support material are not included.Source: Stockholm Peace Research Institute (2019) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

Transfers of major conventional weapons (exports) (constant 1990 US$ million per 100,000 population)

Samoa 0.0* • ••San Marino 0.0* • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0* • ••Saudi Arabia 0.0* • ••Senegal 0.0* • ••Seychelles 0.0* • ••Sierra Leone 0.0* • ••Slovenia 0.0 • ••Solomon Islands 0.0* • ••Somalia 0.0* • ••South Sudan 0.0* • ••Sri Lanka 0.0* • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0* • ••St. Lucia 0.0* • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0* • ••Suriname 0.0* • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0* • ••Tajikistan 0.0* • ••Tanzania 0.0* • ••Timor-Leste 0.0* • ••Togo 0.0* • ••Tonga 0.0* • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0.0* • ••Tunisia 0.0* • ••Turkmenistan 0.0* • ••Tuvalu 0.0* • ••Uganda 0.0* • ••Uruguay 0.0* • ••Vanuatu 0.0* • ••Venezuela, RB 0.0* • ••Vietnam 0.0* • ••Yemen, Rep. 0.0* • ••Zambia 0.0* • ••Zimbabwe 0.0* • ••Pakistan 0.0 • ••Japan 0.0 • ••India 0.0 • ••Thailand 0.0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.0 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.0 • ••Colombia 0.0 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.0 • ••Brazil 0.0 • ••Sudan 0.0 • ••Ecuador 0.0 • ••Indonesia 0.0 • ••Dominican Republic 0.0 • ••Chile 0.1 • ••

Croatia 0.1 • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0.1 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • ••Poland 0.1 • ••China 0.1 • ••New Zealand 0.1 • ••South Africa 0.1 • ••Oman 0.2 • ••Uzbekistan 0.2 • ••Belgium 0.2 • ••Botswana 0.2 • ••Georgia 0.2 • ••Serbia 0.2 • ••Slovak Republic 0.2 • ••Austria 0.2 • ••Greece 0.3 • ••Turkey 0.3 • ••Denmark 0.3 • ••Australia 0.4 • ••Ireland 0.4 • ••Hungary 0.4 • ••Singapore 0.4 • ••Jordan 0.5 • ••Romania 0.5 • ••Bulgaria 0.6 • ••Canada 0.6 • ••Portugal 0.6 • ••United Arab Emirates 0.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 0.7 • ••Czech Republic 0.8 • ••Ukraine 1.1 • ••Finland 1.1 • ••Malta 1.2 • ••Italy 1.2 • ••Belarus 1.4 • ••Spain 1.8 • ••Germany 2.1 • ••United Kingdom 2.1 • ••Sweden 2.5 • ••Brunei Darussalam 2.8 • ••France 3.0 • ••United States 3.1 • ••Switzerland 3.1 • ••Norway 3.3 • ••Netherlands 3.6 • ••Russian Federation 4.4 • ••Israel 10.2 • ••

Afghanistan 0.0* • ••Albania 0.0* • ••Algeria 0.0 • ••Andorra 0.0* • ••Angola 0.0* • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0.0* • ••Argentina 0.0* • ••Armenia 0.0* • ••Azerbaijan 0.0* • ••The Bahamas 0.0 • ••Bahrain 0.0* • ••Bangladesh 0.0* • ••Barbados 0.0* • ••Belize 0.0* • ••Benin 0.0* • ••Bhutan 0.0* • ••Bolivia 0.0* • ••Burkina Faso 0.0* • ••Burundi 0.0* • ••Cabo Verde 0.0* • ••Cambodia 0.0* • ••Cameroon 0.0* • ••Central African Republic 0.0* • ••Chad 0.0* • ••Comoros 0.0* • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.0* • ••Congo, Rep. 0.0* • ••Costa Rica 0.0* • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0.0* • ••Cuba 0.0* • ••Cyprus 0.0* • ••Djibouti 0.0* • ••Dominica 0.0* • ••El Salvador 0.0* • ••Equatorial Guinea 0.0* • ••Eritrea 0.0* • ••Estonia 0.0 • ••Eswatini 0.0* • ••Ethiopia 0.0* • ••Fiji 0.0* • ••Gabon 0.0* • ••The Gambia 0.0* • ••Ghana 0.0* • ••Grenada 0.0* • ••Guatemala 0.0* • ••Guinea 0.0* • ••Guinea-Bissau 0.0* • ••Guyana 0.0* • ••Haiti 0.0* • ••

Honduras 0.0* • ••Iceland 0.0* • ••Iraq 0.0* • ••Jamaica 0.0* • ••Kazakhstan 0.0* • ••Kenya 0.0* • ••Kiribati 0.0* • ••Kuwait 0.0* • ••Lao PDR 0.0* • ••Latvia 0.0* • ••Lebanon 0.0* • ••Lesotho 0.0* • ••Liberia 0.0* • ••Libya 0.0* • ••Liechtenstein 0.0* • ••Lithuania 0.0* • ••Luxembourg 0.0* • ••Madagascar 0.0* • ••Malawi 0.0* • ••Malaysia 0.0* • ••Maldives 0.0* • ••Mali 0.0* • ••Marshall Islands 0.0* • ••Mauritania 0.0* • ••Mauritius 0.0* • ••Mexico 0.0* • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0* • ••Moldova 0.0* • ••Monaco 0.0* • ••Mongolia 0.0* • ••Montenegro 0.0 • ••Morocco 0.0* • ••Mozambique 0.0* • ••Myanmar 0.0* • ••Namibia 0.0* • ••Nauru 0.0* • ••Nepal 0.0* • ••Nicaragua 0.0* • ••Niger 0.0* • ••Nigeria 0.0* • ••North Macedonia 0.0* • ••Palau 0.0* • ••Panama 0.0* • ••Papua New Guinea 0.0* • ••Paraguay 0.0* • ••Peru 0.0* • ••Philippines 0.0* • ••Qatar 0.0* • ••Rwanda 0.0* • ••



*Imputed data point



The degree of freedom available to journalists in 180 countries and regions, determined by pooling the responses of experts to a questionnaire devised by RSF.Source: Reporters sans frontières (2019) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Freedom of Press Index 0 (best) to 100 (worst)

Guinea 31.9 • DKuwait 31.9 • DNepal 32.1 • 5Paraguay 32.3 • DGabon 32.4 • pNorth Macedonia 32.4 • LBolivia 32.5 • pBulgaria 35.2 • pCentral African Republic 35.3 • pZambia 35.4 • pCongo, Rep. 35.4 • 5Mali 36.2 • LGuatemala 36.2 • DUganda 36.8 • pAfghanistan 37.3 • 5Nigeria 37.4 • pMaldives 38.0 • pAngola 38.4 • DThe Gambia 38.4 • LChad 38.5 • DIndonesia 39.7 • DQatar 40.2 • pZimbabwe 40.5 • pOman 40.7 • pUnited Arab Emirates 40.9 • pCameroon 40.9 • pColombia 41.0 • DSri Lanka 41.4 • LJordan 41.7 • DPhilippines 42.5 • DAlgeria 43.1 • pMorocco 43.1 • pMyanmar 43.2 • DIndia 43.2 • pPakistan 43.2 • LThailand 44.3 • 5Honduras 45.2 • pCambodia 45.9 • pVenezuela, RB 46.0 • pSouth Sudan 46.9 • pMalaysia 47.4 • pBangladesh 48.6 • pMexico 48.9 • 5Russian Federation 50.0 • pTajikistan 50.1 • 5Ethiopia 50.2 • pSingapore 51.0 • 5Eswatini 51.5 • 5Brunei Darussalam 51.5 • 5

Congo, Dem. Rep. 51.6 • pBelarus 52.6 • 5Rwanda 52.9 • 5Turkey 53.5 • pKazakhstan 54.4 • 5Burundi 55.3 • pIraq 56.6 • pEgypt, Arab Rep. 56.7 • pLibya 56.8 • 5Azerbaijan 59.7 • pIran, Islamic Rep. 60.7 • DUzbekistan 60.8 • 5Bahrain 60.9 • pYemen, Rep. 62.2 • DSomalia 63.0 • 5Saudi Arabia 63.1 • pLao PDR 66.4 • DEquatorial Guinea 66.5 • 5Cuba 68.9 • 5Djibouti 70.8 • 5Sudan 71.1 • 5Vietnam 75.1 • pChina 78.3 • 5Syrian Arab Republic 79.2 • 5Turkmenistan 84.2 • pEritrea 84.2 • pKorea, Dem. Rep. 88.9 • pAntigua and Barbuda NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••

Norway 7.6 • LSweden 8.3 • LNetherlands 10.0 • LFinland 10.3 • LSwitzerland 11.3 • LJamaica 11.3 • LBelgium 13.2 • LNew Zealand 13.6 • LDenmark 14.0 • LCosta Rica 14.0 • LAustria 14.0 • LEstonia 14.1 • LIceland 14.1 • LPortugal 14.2 • LGermany 14.4 • LIreland 14.6 • LLuxembourg 14.7 • LCanada 15.3 • LAustralia 15.5 • LUruguay 15.6 • LSuriname 16.4 • LSamoa 16.7 • LGhana 18.4 • LLatvia 19.6 • LCyprus 19.9 • LNamibia 20.2 • LSlovak Republic 20.3 • LCabo Verde 20.4 • LSouth Africa 20.4 • LLiechtenstein 20.5 • LSpain 20.5 • LSlovenia 21.7 • LFrance 21.9 • LCzech Republic 21.9 • LLithuania 22.2 • LAndorra 22.2 • LChile 22.7 • LTrinidad and Tobago 22.8 • LUnited Kingdom 23.3 • LBurkina Faso 23.3 • LKorea, Rep. 23.5 • LRomania 23.7 • LUnited States 23.7 • LItaly 24.1 • LBelize 24.6 • LBotswana 25.3 • pComoros 25.3 • pSenegal 25.6 • LTonga 25.7 • p

Argentina 26.1 • pPapua New Guinea 26.2 • 5Madagascar 26.2 • LGuyana 26.3 • LMauritius 26.5 • LFiji 26.6 • LPoland 26.6 • pDominican Republic 26.8 • LHaiti 26.8 • pGeorgia 27.3 • LBosnia and Herzegovina 27.4 • LNiger 27.4 • pMalawi 27.4 • LMalta 27.4 • pEl Salvador 27.8 • 5Japan 28.6 • 5Lesotho 28.8 • 5Croatia 28.9 • pMongolia 29.1 • pMauritania 29.1 • pHungary 29.1 • pGreece 29.2 • LAlbania 29.5 • 5Serbia 29.6 • pSierra Leone 30.0 • 5Armenia 30.0 • pMoldova 30.0 • pCôte d’Ivoire 30.1 • 5Guinea-Bissau 30.1 • pBenin 30.2 • pSeychelles 30.2 • 5Togo 30.2 • 5Israel 30.3 • LPeru 30.3 • 5Liberia 30.3 • 5Nicaragua 30.4 • pEcuador 30.6 • LPanama 30.6 • 5Tanzania 30.7 • pBhutan 30.7 • 5Timor-Leste 30.8 • DKenya 30.8 • 5Tunisia 30.9 • DKyrgyz Republic 31.0 • 5Mozambique 31.1 • 5Lebanon 31.2 • DUkraine 31.2 • LBrazil 31.2 • LMontenegro 31.2 • L



*Imputed data point



The prison population is composed of Persons Held in Prisons, Penal Institutions or Correctional Institutions. It refers to persons held on a specified day and it should exclude non-criminal prisoners held for administrative purposes.Source: UNODC (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Prison population (per 100,000 population)(OECD Member States)

Iceland 37.3 • LJapan 43.8 • LFinland 57.4 • LDenmark 59.7 • LSweden 60.1 • LSlovenia 63.0 • LNetherlands 64.1 • LSwitzerland 78.0 • LIreland 78.4 • LGermany 78.5 • LNorway 78.9 • LGreece 85.4 • LItaly 89.8 • LBelgium 97.4 • LAustria 99.1 • LCanada 104.4 • 5France 105.8 • pKorea, Rep. 113.6 • p

Luxembourg 126.1 • LSpain 128.4 • LPortugal 134.1 • pMexico 149.2 • pAustralia 161.1 • pHungary 181.1 • pSlovak Republic 183.7 • 5Poland 187.2 • DCzech Republic 211.9 • 5New Zealand 213.3 • pEstonia 214.6 • DLatvia 221.3 • LTurkey 226.5 • pLithuania 233.7 • DIsrael 261.7 • 5Chile 273.2 • LUnited States 671.1 • 5United Kingdom NA • ••



*Imputed data point



Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure on health and education (current, capital, and transfers), expressed as a percentage of GDP.Source: UNESCO (2019); WHO (2019) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)

Government health and education spending (% GDP)

Saudi Arabia 7.0 • ••Turkey 7.0* • pKenya 7.0 • pRomania 7.0 • pSt. Lucia 6.9 • DPanama 6.9 • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 6.9 • DThailand 6.8 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 6.7 • ••Yemen, Rep. 6.6 • ••Albania 6.3 • ••Mongolia 6.2 • pLebanon 6.2 • ••Bahrain 6.1 • ••Congo, Rep. 6.0 • pCôte d’Ivoire 6.0 • 5Fiji 5.9 • ••Ethiopia 5.8 • 5Antigua and Barbuda 5.8 • ••Qatar 5.7 • pBurkina Faso 5.7 • 5The Gambia 5.7 • pRwanda 5.4 • pComoros 5.4 • pTanzania 5.4 • pBrunei Darussalam 5.4 • DEgypt, Arab Rep. 5.4 • ••Liberia 5.2 • ••Angola 5.2 • ••Benin 5.2 • pKazakhstan 5.1 • pMadagascar 4.9 • 5St. Kitts and Nevis 4.9 • ••Indonesia 4.9 • DNepal 4.8 • 5Guatemala 4.8 • pMali 4.8 • 5Chad 4.7 • ••India 4.7 • ••Singapore 4.7 • ••Sudan 4.6 • ••Armenia 4.4 • pTurkmenistan 4.3 • ••Azerbaijan 4.3 • 5Mauritania 4.3 • ••Timor-Leste 4.2 • DGabon 4.2 • pSierra Leone 4.0 • 5Philippines 4.0 • ••

Haiti 3.9 • ••Guinea-Bissau 3.9 • ••Sri Lanka 3.8 • 5Afghanistan 3.8 • pUganda 3.8 • pLao PDR 3.7 • DGeorgia 3.5 • ••Cameroon 3.5 • pPakistan 3.4 • 5Guinea 3.3 • 5Cambodia 3.1 • 5Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.9 • 5Monaco 2.7 • pBangladesh 2.4 • ••Guyana 2.3 • pZambia 2.0 • ••South Sudan 1.9 • ••Central African Republic 1.9 • ••Myanmar 1.0 • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••China NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••North Macedonia NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Somalia NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••

United States 17.9* • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 15.9 • ••Lesotho 15.6 • ••Norway 14.9* • LDenmark 14.8* • LSweden 14.2* • LSolomon Islands 14.2 • ••Botswana 14.1 • ••Maldives 13.9 • LFrance 13.3* • LBelgium 13.3* • LCosta Rica 13.3 • LGermany 13.0* • LFinland 12.9* • LNetherlands 12.8* • LMoldova 12.5 • LAustria 12.3* • LIceland 12.3* • LJapan 12.1* • LSwitzerland 12.0* • LUnited Kingdom 12.0* • LNew Zealand 12.0* • LCanada 11.7* • LEswatini 11.4 • LMalta 11.1 • LBolivia 11.0 • LBelize 10.8 • LArgentina 10.7 • LCroatia 10.4 • ••Uzbekistan 10.4 • ••Tunisia 10.4 • LSouth Africa 10.3 • LAustralia 10.3* • LPortugal 10.1* • LBrazil 10.1 • LItaly 10.1* • LSpain 10.0* • LSlovenia 9.9* • pAndorra 9.9 • LBhutan 9.9 • LBarbados 9.8 • 5Kyrgyz Republic 9.7 • LUruguay 9.7 • ••Burundi 9.6 • LIsrael 9.5* • LSerbia 9.5 • pZimbabwe 9.4 • LHonduras 9.4 • ••Slovak Republic 9.3* • L

Cyprus 9.3 • pEcuador 9.2 • LCzech Republic 9.1* • 5Paraguay 9.0 • ••Jamaica 8.9 • pEstonia 8.9* • pVenezuela, RB 8.9 • ••Chile 8.8* • LUkraine 8.8 • pVietnam 8.6 • ••Colombia 8.6 • pSamoa 8.6 • ••Belarus 8.6 • pCabo Verde 8.6 • 5Nicaragua 8.5 • LVanuatu 8.5 • LPoland 8.5* • pIreland 8.4* • pEl Salvador 8.4 • DSenegal 8.4 • DLuxembourg 8.3* • ••Namibia 8.3 • p

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 8.3 • ••Malawi 8.3 • LKorea, Rep. 8.3* • DGreece 8.2* • pBulgaria 8.1 • ••Ghana 8.0 • pHungary 8.0* • pMorocco 7.8 • ••Lithuania 7.7* • pSan Marino 7.7 • ••Latvia 7.6* • pSão Tomé and Príncipe 7.6 • pMozambique 7.5 • ••Niger 7.5 • LMauritius 7.4 • LOman 7.4 • ••Algeria 7.4 • ••Seychelles 7.4 • LRussian Federation 7.2 • ••Peru 7.2 • LMexico 7.2* • 5Tajikistan 7.2 • LDjibouti 7.1 • ••Togo 7.1 • DDominica 7.1 • ••Malaysia 7.1 • 5



*Imputed data point



The amount of official development assistance (ODA) as a share of the provider country’s gross national income (GNI), in US$ constant prices. It includes grants, “soft” loans (where the grant element is at least 25% of the total) and the provision of technical assistance, and excludes grants and loans for military purposes.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)

High-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% GNI)

United Arab Emirates 1.0 • LSweden 1.0 • LLuxembourg 1.0 • LNorway 1.0 • LDenmark 0.7 • LUnited Kingdom 0.7 • LGermany 0.7 • LNetherlands 0.6 • LLiechtenstein 0.5 • pSwitzerland 0.5 • LBelgium 0.4 • pFrance 0.4 • pFinland 0.4 • 5Ireland 0.3 • pItaly 0.3 • 5Austria 0.3 • 5Iceland 0.3 • pCanada 0.3 • pAustralia 0.2 • p

New Zealand 0.2 • 5Japan 0.2 • 5Malta 0.2 • pSpain 0.2 • pPortugal 0.2 • pUnited States 0.2 • pEstonia 0.2 • 5Slovenia 0.2 • 5Greece 0.2 • pCzech Republic 0.2 • pKorea, Rep. 0.1 • 5Poland 0.1 • 5Slovak Republic 0.1 • 5Lithuania 0.1 • 5Israel 0.1 • 5Hungary 0.1 • 5Latvia 0.1 • 5Cyprus 0.1 • p



*Imputed data point



The percentage share of tax revenues in a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Tax revenues are seen as compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes, excluding certain transfers such as fines, penalties and most social security contributions. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.Source: IMF (2019) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Countries other than high-income and OECD DAC: Government Revenue excluding Grants (% GDP)

Pakistan 12.2 • ••Guatemala 11.0 • pCentral African Republic 10.8 • ••Ethiopia 10.4 • ••Bangladesh 10.2 • 5Afghanistan 10.1 • pSierra Leone 9.8 • pMadagascar 8.0 • ••Nigeria 5.0 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Argentina NA • ••The Bahamas NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••Chad NA • ••Chile NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Croatia NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Ecuador NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Gabon NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••India NA • ••Italy NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Panama NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Sudan NA • ••

Tajikistan NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uruguay NA • ••Venezuela, RB NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••

Kiribati 100.5 • LCongo, Rep. 43.8 • ••Lesotho 42.4 • LAlgeria 40.4 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 38.1 • LSerbia 34.9 • ••Azerbaijan 34.2 • LMorocco 32.7 • ••Solomon Islands 32.7 • LUkraine 32.6 • LMarshall Islands 32.5 • LMoldova 32.2 • LBulgaria 32.1 • LTunisia 31.4 • ••Botswana 31.1 • LSouth Africa 30.9 • LTimor-Leste 30.7 • LNamibia 30.6 • LTurkey 29.7 • ••Belarus 29.6 • DEswatini 29.2 • ••Romania 28.7 • LKyrgyz Republic 28.5 • ••Jamaica 28.4 • 5Fiji 27.6 • LMicronesia, Fed. Sts. 27.3 • LBrazil 27.2 • 5Samoa 27.0 • DIraq 26.9 • ••Belize 26.8 • pEquatorial Guinea 26.7 • 5


North Macedonia 26.4 • pDominica 26.3 • pAlbania 25.7 • DSuriname 25.7 • ••Maldives 25.7 • LIran, Islamic Rep. 25.4 • ••El Salvador 25.3 • pMozambique 25.1 • LGeorgia 25.0 • 5Costa Rica 24.7 • DRussian Federation 24.4 • pColombia 23.9 • DJordan 23.8 • ••Honduras 23.4 • LBolivia 23.3 • ••Nepal 23.2 • D

Vanuatu 23.0 • DSyrian Arab Republic 22.7 • ••Armenia 22.5 • 5Mauritius 22.3 • pSt. Lucia 22.0 • DUzbekistan 21.8 • pVietnam 21.5 • ••Mongolia 21.1 • pCabo Verde 21.0 • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 21.0 • pRwanda 20.5 • ••Grenada 20.4 • 5Zimbabwe 20.4 • ••Kenya 20.1 • ••Mexico 19.8 • ••Lebanon 19.8 • pThailand 19.2 • 5Burkina Faso 19.2 • 5Togo 18.8 • DBhutan 18.8 • pMalawi 18.5 • pZambia 18.1 • DNicaragua 17.8 • 5Ghana 17.5 • ••Mali 17.4 • pCambodia 17.4 • DParaguay 17.3 • DMalaysia 17.3 • pSenegal 17.2 • DTanzania 17.0 • ••Peru 17.0 • pBenin 16.7 • ••Kazakhstan 16.5 • pAngola 16.4 • pThe Gambia 16.2 • ••Côte d’Ivoire 16.1 • 5São Tomé and Príncipe 16.0 • ••Dominican Republic 16.0 • DMyanmar 15.8 • ••China 15.7 • DLiberia 15.7 • ••Philippines 15.6 • 5Papua New Guinea 15.4 • ••Burundi 14.5 • ••Lao PDR 14.5 • 5Uganda 14.5 • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 14.3 • ••Sri Lanka 13.8 • 5Indonesia 12.5 • p



*Imputed data point



Ranking of countries’ contribution to global corporate tax avoidance and evasion, on a scale from 0 (best) to 5 (worst). Calculated by first identifying a set of tax havens from various credible bodies, and then assessing three key elements for corporate tax dodging; corporate tax rates, the tax incentives offered, and lack of cooperation with international efforts against tax avoidance. The scale and global significance of the tax avoidance structures were taken into account.Source: Oxfam (2016) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)

Tax Haven Score 0 (best) to 5 (worst)

Maldives 0* • ••Mali 0* • ••Malta 0* • ••Marshall Islands 0* • ••Mauritania 0* • ••Mauritius 0* • ••Mexico 0* • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0* • ••Moldova 0* • ••Monaco 0* • ••Mongolia 0* • ••Montenegro 0* • ••Morocco 0* • ••Mozambique 0* • ••Myanmar 0* • ••Namibia 0* • ••Nauru 0* • ••Nepal 0* • ••New Zealand 0* • ••Nicaragua 0* • ••Niger 0* • ••Nigeria 0* • ••North Macedonia 0* • ••Norway 0* • ••Oman 0* • ••Pakistan 0* • ••Palau 0* • ••Papua New Guinea 0* • ••Paraguay 0* • ••Peru 0* • ••Philippines 0* • ••Poland 0* • ••Portugal 0* • ••Qatar 0* • ••Romania 0* • ••Russian Federation 0* • ••Rwanda 0* • ••Samoa 0* • ••San Marino 0* • ••São Tomé and Príncipe 0* • ••Saudi Arabia 0* • ••Senegal 0* • ••Serbia 0* • ••Seychelles 0* • ••Sierra Leone 0* • ••Slovak Republic 0* • ••Slovenia 0* • ••Solomon Islands 0* • ••Somalia 0* • ••

South Africa 0* • ••South Sudan 0* • ••Spain 0* • ••Sri Lanka 0* • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 0* • ••St. Lucia 0* • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0* • ••Sudan 0* • ••Suriname 0* • ••Sweden 0* • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0* • ••Tajikistan 0* • ••Tanzania 0* • ••Thailand 0* • ••Timor-Leste 0* • ••Togo 0* • ••Tonga 0* • ••Trinidad and Tobago 0* • ••Tunisia 0* • ••Turkey 0* • ••Turkmenistan 0* • ••Tuvalu 0* • ••Uganda 0* • ••Ukraine 0* • ••United Arab Emirates 0* • ••Uruguay 0* • ••Uzbekistan 0* • ••Vanuatu 0* • ••Venezuela, RB 0* • ••Vietnam 0* • ••Yemen, Rep. 0* • ••Zambia 0* • ••Zimbabwe 0* • ••Bahrain 1 • ••China 1 • ••Barbados 2 • ••Belgium 2 • ••United States 2 • ••Singapore 3 • ••Switzerland 3 • ••Cyprus 4 • ••Ireland 4 • ••Luxembourg 4 • ••Netherlands 4 • ••Panama 4 • ••United Kingdom 5 • ••

Afghanistan 0* • ••Albania 0* • ••Algeria 0* • ••Andorra 0* • ••Angola 0* • ••Antigua and Barbuda 0* • ••Argentina 0* • ••Armenia 0* • ••Australia 0* • ••Austria 0* • ••Azerbaijan 0* • ••The Bahamas 0* • ••Bangladesh 0* • ••Belarus 0* • ••Belize 0* • ••Benin 0* • ••Bhutan 0* • ••Bolivia 0* • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0* • ••Botswana 0* • ••Brazil 0* • ••Brunei Darussalam 0* • ••Bulgaria 0* • ••Burkina Faso 0* • ••Burundi 0* • ••Cabo Verde 0* • ••Cambodia 0* • ••Cameroon 0* • ••Canada 0* • ••Central African Republic 0* • ••Chad 0* • ••Chile 0* • ••Colombia 0* • ••Comoros 0* • ••Congo, Dem. Rep. 0* • ••Congo, Rep. 0* • ••Costa Rica 0* • ••Côte d’Ivoire 0* • ••Croatia 0* • ••Cuba 0* • ••Czech Republic 0* • ••Denmark 0* • ••Djibouti 0* • ••Dominica 0* • ••Dominican Republic 0* • ••Ecuador 0* • ••Egypt, Arab Rep. 0* • ••El Salvador 0* • ••Equatorial Guinea 0* • ••

Eritrea 0* • ••Estonia 0* • ••Eswatini 0* • ••Ethiopia 0* • ••Fiji 0* • ••Finland 0* • ••France 0* • ••Gabon 0* • ••The Gambia 0* • ••Georgia 0* • ••Germany 0* • ••Ghana 0* • ••Greece 0* • ••Grenada 0* • ••Guatemala 0* • ••Guinea 0* • ••Guinea-Bissau 0* • ••Guyana 0* • ••Haiti 0* • ••Honduras 0* • ••Hungary 0* • ••Iceland 0* • ••India 0* • ••Indonesia 0* • ••Iran, Islamic Rep. 0* • ••Iraq 0* • ••Israel 0* • ••Italy 0* • ••Jamaica 0* • ••Japan 0* • ••Jordan 0* • ••Kazakhstan 0* • ••Kenya 0* • ••Kiribati 0* • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0* • ••Korea, Rep. 0* • ••Kuwait 0* • ••Kyrgyz Republic 0* • ••Lao PDR 0* • ••Latvia 0* • ••Lebanon 0* • ••Lesotho 0* • ••Liberia 0* • ••Libya 0* • ••Liechtenstein 0* • ••Lithuania 0* • ••Madagascar 0* • ••Malawi 0* • ••Malaysia 0* • ••



*Imputed data point



The Index measures the contribution of each jurisdiction to financial secrecy, on a scale from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). It is calculated using qualitative data to prepare a secrecy score for each jurisdiction and quantitative data to create a global scale weighting for each jurisdiction according to its share of offshore financial services activity in the global total.Source: Tax Justice Network (2018) Year of reference: 2018 (or closest available)

Financial Secrecy Score 0 (best) to 100 (worst)(OECD Member States)

Slovenia 41.8 • ••Belgium 44.0 • ••Sweden 45.5 • ••Lithuania 46.8 • ••Spain 47.7 • ••Italy 49.5 • ••Ireland 50.7 • ••Estonia 50.9 • ••Australia 51.2 • ••Norway 51.6 • ••France 51.7 • ••Denmark 52.5 • ••Finland 52.7 • ••Czech Republic 52.9 • ••Mexico 54.4 • ••Portugal 54.7 • ••Hungary 54.7 • ••Canada 54.8 • ••

Slovak Republic 54.9 • ••Austria 55.9 • ••Poland 57.4 • ••Latvia 57.4 • ••Greece 57.9 • ••Luxembourg 58.2 • ••Korea, Rep. 59.0 • ••Germany 59.1 • ••Iceland 59.9 • ••Japan 60.5 • ••Chile 61.6 • ••Israel 63.3 • ••New Zealand 65.4 • ••Turkey 68.0 • ••United Kingdom 69.1 • ••United States 70.0 • ••Netherlands 72.3 • ••Switzerland 76.5 • ••

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