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Power-Flow Optimization Alper Sinan Akyurek
What is it?
Control the flow of power by
• Generation control
• Distributed energy resource (DER) control
• Energy storage control
• Microgrid control
What is it?
To optimize
• Minimize utility cost
• Voltage regulation
• Frequency regulation
• Stability control
• Power quality regulation
• Minimize customer cost
• And more …
Generation Control
Generation Control
Generation output is controllable
Reactive compensation is controllable
Prevent frost of transmission lines
(Xin 2008)
Generation Control
Generation output is controllable
Voltage regulation is controllable
Reactive power sources are controllable
Minimize transmission line costs
(Leeton 2010)
Generation Control
Generation output is controllable
Minimize utility fuel costs
Minimize reactive power
Voltage must be within limits
Power quality must be within limits
(Dutta 2006)
DER Control
DER Control
Multiple DERs - Multiple Costs
Energy Storage available
Voltage Regulation must be satisfied
Optimize DER outputs to minimize total utility cost
Regulation must be available under islanding conditions
(Erseghe 2013)
DER Control
Multiple DERs available
Energy storage is available and controllable
Minimize Line-Losses
Minimize CO2 emission
Optimize Renewable Penetration to the desired level
(Bonfiglio 2012)
Energy Storage Control
Energy Storage Control
Pumped Storage available
Pump is controllable
Control water level, pumping time
To optimize the maximum energy possible
(Li 2011)
Energy Storage Control
• Tram lines have bad peak power requirements
An energy storage device is available
Optimize Power Flow
Optimize Storage Size
(Knoke 2006)
Extended by adding Double Layer Capacitors
(Romaus 2009)
Energy Storage Control
A hybrid of Super Capacitors and Battery is available
Minimize energy loss in Super Capacitor
Hold the variance of battery current to a limit (for lifetime)
(Choi 2012)
Energy Storage Control
Energy Storage available and controllable
Minimize total utility generation
Minimize peak utility generation (quadratic cost)
(Gayme 2013)
Energy Storage Control
Multiple generators are available, but not controllable
Energy Storage is available
Minimize total cost
Find best battery location
Optimize battery size
(Yahyaie 2012)
Microgrid Control
Microgrid Control
Within a Medium Voltage Islanded Microgrid
Renewable DERs are available and not controllable
Other controllable DERs are available
Energy storage is available
Minimize operating costs
Minimize emissions
Maximize battery lifetime (by minimizing its usage)
(Conti 2012)
Microgrid Control
• Multiple Microgrids are connected
Local utility generator is available and controllable
Local utility energy storage is available and controllable
• Microgrids are modeled as controllable loads
Minimize total operating cost
Maximize stability
(Sortomme 2009)
Open Problems
? Customers are ideal and under control. What if they are not?
? Solutions are centralized and complex. How to achieve real-time?
? How to integrate measurements and sensing into the picture?
Thank you! Questions?
