Power generators.. - ALKHORAYEF GROUPalkhorayef.com/en/common/viewfile?FilePath=~/Uploads...Gulf and uAe has a higher demand than other markets in Western europe and north America

ww

w.a

lkh

ora

ye

f.co

m

Issue 532015 - 1436

Business Technology Steam injection technology

helping to release heavy crude

ReportColombia.. charming country

and multi-resource economy

Academic ArticleProactive influence tactics

Power generators..the perfect solution for a lack of electricity

Quarterly Issue by Alkhorayef Group | 32015 | 1436

Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

When we began our journey in the Alkhorayef group more than half a century ago, we were committed to continuous research and development of contemporary patterns of technology, inspired by new ideas to keep pace with the developments and needs of the market, and to contribute to an easier life for people. Today, nearly 200 years on from the discovery of electric power, one of the most important pillars of human civilization in our contemporary world, traditional power production has become a global problem affecting even large and rich countries. This led to greater investments to meet the growing demand for energy. Global demand for energy is increasing due to continuing population growth and economic growth in developing countries. According to recent World Bank statistics, there is an urgent need to expand annual global investments in the energy field threefold to reach $1.25 trillion. Achieving these results require $40 billion to $100 billion of investment annually. With this in mind, we started in 2000 our journey in the production of power generators (Gulf Power). The administra-tion, represented by the Chairman of Alkhorayef Commercial, Engineer Mohammed bin Abdullah Alkhorayef, was keen on the development and optimal use of competencies to benefit from the experience accumulated in previous years, to inte-grate the efforts of successful Alkhorayef Commercial partners in Volvo Penta and John Deere, and take advantage of the infrastructure in the group. The significant market opportu-nity in the world of generators has given us great ambition and motivation for the manufacturing of power generators. To achieve this great dream, we started simple but with honest determination. After several trials, we gained great experience, conducted developmental studies and used advanced tech-nology in our product manufacturing, stemming from Alkhorayef Commercial’s keenness on providing a high quality product and maintaining its status. We achieved excellence in the provision of marketing studies as well as research and development, with both being closely tied to the competitiveness of any company and maintaining its strength in the market compared with other competitors. Our dream came true and we were able to produce power

generators because we set up a specialized department to manufacture generators in different sizes and capacities, with the ability to work under all circumstances and in order to suit work sites and conditions. One of the pillars of this department is the ability to develop, manufacture and market the products locally and globally and provide better aftersales maintenance as well as spare parts services, handled by qualified and trained personnel eligible to work on this great product. Alkhorayef is walking on the right path it planned, God willing, to expand from the agricultural market, which we excelled in, and reach out to the field of manufacturing and producing power generators in order to reach the largest segment of customers. We also succeeded in providing power equip-ment sufficient to meet customer requirements and to replace alternative and traditional methods such as power plants. It is worth mentioning that recent years of active mobility in the application of these innovative solutions glob-ally highlight the huge success of Alkhorayef equipment in their ability to meet the needs of all customer segments. Alkhorayef’s keenness to provide after-sales services confirms the confidence in our success, such as the success story with Savola (Azizia Panda United).We contracted with APU to provide the best solutions for electric power generators, including the replacement of old generators with new ones from our manufacturing. Another success story is our partnership with Arasco to provide solutions for the company’s poultry farm. Aware of the impor-tance of this project, Alkhorayef provides Arasco with technical support around the clock as well as back-up generators and spare parts at the site.We continue our journey to provide the coming generations with solutions for a safer life and sustained growth at a lower cost. Alkhorayef and its partners around the world look forward to 2016, hoping it will be a promising year full of opportunities, as estimates reveal a booming demand for power equipment due to the growing need in areas that need developing, including rural and less devel-oped regions. This sets the stage for a truly outstanding year.

alkhorayef’s success story of Power generators

abdullah bin ibrahim alkhorayef

| Quarterly Issue by Alkhorayef Group4 2015 | 1436

7 20news

Prince Faisal bin

Bandar bin Abdulaziz,

Governor of Riyadh

Region, patronized a

forum and exhibition

on the saudization of

desalination industries

under the slogan,

“Industrialization

- security and

Investment”..

report

As a country

that boasts a

charming nature

and lies on top

of towering

mountains

and sparkling

shores..

cover story

A question that always prevails is

how are remote villages and rural

areas supplied with energy?..

10

InsIde

Issue 53 2015 - 1436

All our dealings with our customers and partners are based on the principle of trust, so our customers put their trust in us as well as in the high professionalism and ethics of all our employees.

We seek excellence in all that we do in terms of our products and services, and we are known for our excellent skills in using technology.

A full commitment to our approach in every project we perform in every partnership. This is reflected by our commitment towards our customers, partners and employees, where we focus on building their skills and enriching their knowledge through training and development programs.

vision

As a family company, friendliness and warmth prevail in all our dealings, and this extends to our customers and partners, where we share ideas and problems and decision-making processes as much as possible.

commitment excellence trust containment


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

17

22

occupational safety

Occupational safety

and health is the top

priority in different

business sectors,

especially in oil

installations that are

considered home to

some of the most

dangerous work sites..

academic article

For the past two

decades, researchers

have examined the

specific types of

behavior used to

exercise influence..

Business etiquette

napoleon Bonaparte, the

late emperor of France,

was once quoted as saying:

“An army of rabbits led by a

lion is better than an army

of lions led by a rabbit.”..

26

supervision:

Communications and public relations management at Alkhorayef group

[email protected]

www.alkhorayef.com

general manager: kingdom of saudi arabia/Partner

Abdallah Bin Abdulrahman Al-Akil

[email protected]

Publisher

28Business technology

Oilfields around

the world

have entered

a new stage

of production

processes thanks

to a long-awaited

technology

known as steam

injection..


Mr. Bandar

Alkhorayef has

been selected

as a member

of the board of

directors of the

saudi economic

Association

(seA). He joined

the association

in 1990 while he

was studying for

his master’s. seA

is a prominent

science association

that has been recognized by government

authorities, business and financial sectors and

the economic and financial media in general.

mr. Bandar alkhorayef, memBer of the Board of directors of the saudi economic association (sea)

sPc Branch gets new identity

gamBia amBassador visits alkhorayef factories

alkhorayef commercial ParticiPates in saudi transPort exhiBition

A new branding campaign

for the sPC branch in the

Owaidah industrial area in

Riyadh was recently launched

by Mr. Fahad Alkhorayef,

General Manager, sPC.

The launch ceremony was

one of the Company’s

initiatives to promote its

branches carrying the new

identity and branding.

Omar

Gabriel sala,

Ambassador

extraordinary

and

Plenipotentiary

of the Gambian

Republic,

recently visited

Alkhorayef Group’s

factories producing

pipes, pumps, coaxial

irrigation systems and

power generators.

He was received by

eng. Mohammed bin

Abdullah Alkhorayef,

CeO of the Group, who

welcomed the guest

and his accompanying

delegation. Both

sides discussed

the possibilities

of industrial

and agricultural

cooperation and

exchanging expertise

in the field of power

and agriculture

solutions.

Alkhorayef Commercial

recently participated in the

saudi Transport exhibition

at the Riyadh International

Convention & exhibition

Center (RICeC).

The Company exhibited

products including handling

equipment (Lindy), power

equipment (Gulf Power) and

water pumps. The Company’s

stand attracted substantial

attention from visitors.

Abdullah Bin Ibrahim Alkhorayef

sons Co. (AIA) signed recently a

contract with shapoorji Pallonji

Company to build the Alkhorayef

tower project in Alkhobar. The

execution period will be two years.

The contract was signed by sheikh

saad bin Abdullah Alkhorayef, the

company’s Chairman of the Board

of directors, and the president

of shapoorji Pallonji Company.

A celebration that was attended

by members of the Alkhorayef

Group’s Board of directors and

department managers was also

held on the occasion.

alkhorayef tower contract signed


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

alodhaiB Balance comPany honors castrol

alkhorayef commercial joins kicP Program

riyadh governor sPonsors forum on saudization of desalination industries

Alkhorayef Commercial has

joined the Kavli Institute

for Cosmological Physics

(KICP) program that

incorporates a network

of leading international

companies working

with the King Abdullah

university for science and

Technology (KAusT). This

program allows Alkhorayef

Petroleum Company to

participate in enhancing

the development and

innovation efforts led

by university professors,

researchers and graduates

for developing products.

alkhorayef commercial ParticiPates in wetex 2015Alkhorayef Commercial participated in

WeTeX 2015, the international exhibition

for the latest technology applications in

the fields of water and electricity. The

exhibition was organized by the dubai

electricity and Water Authority from

April 21-24 at the dubai International

Convention & exhibition Centre.

HH sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al

Maktoom, Vice Ruler of dubai and

Minister of Finance, opened the

exhibition that was attended by

dr. saleh Alawaji, saudi electricity

Company’s Chairman of the Board of

directors; saiid bin Mohammed Altayer,

Managing director and CeO of dubai

electricity and Water Authority; Ahmed

Alhaqabani, secretary General of sAudI

eXPORTs; and many other officials from

both countries.

Alkhorayef Commercial participated in its

capacity as one of the major exporters of

power systems in the region.

Prince Faisal bin

Bandar bin Abdulaziz,

Governor of Riyadh

Region, patronized a

forum and exhibition

on the saudization of

desalination industries

under the slogan,

“Industrialization

- security and

Investment”. The

three-day forum was

organized by the saline

Water Conversion

Corporation at the Ritz

Carlton Hotel.

upon arrival, the

prince cut the ribbon

to open the exhibition.

Representatives from

Alkhorayef Industries

and other companies

in the field of

desalination and heavy

industry attended the

exhibition.

Alodhaib Balance

Company honored

employees of

Alkhorayef Lubricants

(Castrol) for their

efforts after both

sides signed an

exclusive cooperation

agreement. Alodhaib

Balance Company is a

distributor and service

center for Toyota and

Lexus in the Kingdom.

The ceremony was held

at the Intercontinental

Hotel, Riyadh.

Mr. Musaid bin

Mohammed Alodhaib,

Chairman of the

Board of directors

of Alodhaib Balance

Company, thanked all

Alkhorayef Lubricants

employees who made

a positive contribution

towards increasing

sales of lubricants at

the service centers

of Alodhaib Balance

Company.

The ceremony was

attended by eng.

Abdulaziz bin Hamad

Alkhorayef, Mr.

Mohammed Alshorbaji,

Hussam Almaghazi

from Castrol and

members of Alodhaib

Balance Company’s

Board of directors.

NEWS


An executive at a printing

company has stated that

the printing market in the

Gulf and uAe has a higher

demand than other markets

in Western europe and

north America. According to

IdC, the growth rate of the

printing industry in the region

is estimated at 6-8 percent.

dan smith, Head of

the Regional Marketing

department, Xerox, said

PIRA International estimated

the value of the Middle

east market to reach usd

20 billion by 2016. He was

citing PIRA’s report entitled,

“International Printing Markets

until 2016”.

He noted that the

international printing ink

market is growing at an

annual compound rate of 4.4

percent until 2018. He expects

the market for inkjet printers

to grow by 21 percent in 2015.

Responding to a question

about the value of the market

for equipment and ink, smith

said: “The international market

for printing ink is focused, to

a large extent, on consumers

and applications. Analysts

expect the international

market for printing ink to

grow at an annual compound

rate of 4.24 percent from

2013 to 2018. Other specialists

expect the same market to

reach usd 19 billion by 2017.”

According to market

research, the ink jet

production printers market

is expected to grow by 21

percent annually in 2015.

alkhorayef Petroleum ParticiPatesin esP international workshoP

diesel Power generators market ‘raPidly growing’

Alkhorayef Petroleum

participated in the esP

International Workshop

that was held in us city

of Houston, Texas, in

May 2015.

The Company had

also participated in an

exhibition that aimed

to exhibit advanced

products in the field

of petroleum and

facilitate the exchange

of expertise among

international companies

specialized in oil pumps.

As part of the

workshop activities,

a team of engineers

working at Alkhorayef

Petroleum in Colombia

gave a lecture about

submerged electric

pumps.

The diesel power generators market in

KsA is worth more than sAR 1.5 billion

and the local market is experiencing

high rates of demand because suppliers

cannot meet the increasing growth rate

of 15-20 percent annually, according to

the estimations of samy Aquil, vice CeO

of sawary energy.

He said the Kingdom is achieving

economic growth rates that are faster

than international rates. The saudi

market is experiencing increasing

economic growth due to its stability,

increasing rates of economic activities

and increasing local and foreign

investments, he said. He noted the

Kingdom is putting forward strong

investments in developing infrastructure

and diversifying economic performance.

This will support the growth of the

diesel power generators market in KsA,

he said.

He mentioned the diesel power

generators market in KsA has

witnessed remarkable development

because of government support.

He explained social and industrial

development all over the Kingdom

would support the capabilities of power

generators market and help it cope with

the increasing demand rate.

Aquil assured the diesel power

generators industry in KsA has

witnessed remarkable development due

to its high quality.

middle east Printing market ‘worth $20B’


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

German carmaker BMW is seeking to

reduce fuel consumption in its M3 and

M4 models by using a new technology

of injecting water drizzle to cool the

compressed charge air.

In this technology, the water evaporates in

the accumulator behind the turbo charger.

eventually, the temperature of the turbo

is reduced, leading to increasing charger

pressure without any side effects.

A spokesman for BMW said the company

is seeking to put cars with this technology

on the roads within two years, and plans

have already been made for producing a

series of cars of this type. This technology

has already been implemented in safety

cars used in motor racing.

BMW explained the same technology

can be used to reduce fuel consumption

and increase efficiency and activity by

8 percent approximately. Water drizzle

injection raises the power of the M4’s

six-cylinder turbo engine (431 hp) by

approximately 10 percent (50 hp) and the

torque by 50 nm without increasing fuel

consumption rates.

NEWS

water injection the Basis of new fuel efficiency technology

almost 6,800 Productive Plantsin ksa worth sar 992 BillionThere are currently

6,789 productive

plants in saudi

Arabia worth a total

investment of sAR

992 billion, according

to government

statistics. A total of

931,133 employees

work at these

facilities, said the

report by the Ministry

of Commerce and

Industry. The number

of plants that have

not yet started

production is 1,123

worth a total sAR 37.5

billion.

According to the

report, by the end

of the first quarter

of 2015 Riyadh

region had the most

productive plants

(2,911), worth a

total investment of

sAR 117 billion. The

eastern Province

came second with

1,560 plants worth

sAR 607.6 billion, and

Makkah region came

third with 1,270 plants

worth sAR 135.7

billion in investments.

Asir was fourth with

1,246 productive

plants worth a total

investment of sAR

4.3 billion, then

Al-Madinah with 209


sAR 89.7 billion.

This was followed

by Jazan (66 plants

worth sAR 4.6

billion), Tabuk (60

plants worth sAR

2.5 billion), Hail (56

plants worth sAR 11.5

billion) and Al-Jouf

(53 plants worth sAR

939 million).

The number of najran

plants is 34 worth

a total investment

of sAR 2.8 billion,

while the northern

Borders region

had 29 productive

plants worth sAR

2.8 billion, and finally

Al-Baha came last

with 16 productive


investment of sAR 63

million.

In this up-to-date list

issued by the Ministry

of Commerce and

Industry, non-metallic

products plants

accounted for the

most productive

plants - 1,384 in total

- as of the end of

the first quarter of

this year, followed

by forged metallic

products plants

(excluding machinery

and equipment) with

918 plants, while there

were 850 rubber and

plastic plants and 719

food products plants.

a question that always prevails is how are remote villages and rural areas supplied with energy? what happens to hospitals and patients in case of shortages or power cuts? do they resort to emergency solutions or pre-empt and search for solutions?these complexities led several giant companies to create the most convenient solution.

Power generators..the Perfect solution for a lack of electricity

10 | Quarterly Issue by Alkhorayef Group 2015 | 1436

long-suffering problemThe issue of power

disruptions is as old as the

invention of electricity itself

and before the invention of

the electricity networks. Thus,

generators were the obvious

solution to power outages.

But now, despite the

tremendous progress in

modern technology, united

nations figures show that

more than 1.3 billion people

are forced to live in the

darkness due to the lack

of electricity and a similar

number of people only have

power available to them

intermittently.

In this regard, the

International energy Agency

warned that the future does

not hold a lot of hope for

the so-called “energy poor”

unless there is a significant

improvement in the ongoing

efforts to provide electricity.

It warned that 1.4 billion

people in the world will

still not be able to take

advantage of electric power

in 2030.

COVEr STOry

engineer abdullah bin mohammed alkhorayef

general managerof energy systems solutions

11

Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

Quarterly Issue by Alkhorayef Group |2015 | 1436


as refrigerators and air

conditioners remain active.

In rural areas or

underdeveloped regions,

generators of all types

became a prerequisite

to feed remote areas,

whether they are used to

power homes, government

agencies, communication

towers and shops, especially

since there are countries

where power outages can

last up to 18 hours a day.

even when carrying out

road works or training

camps for officers and

soldiers, having a power

generator as a backup is

necessary, and in this case

it is usually carried on a

vehicle or a mobile truck.

In companies, institutions,

workplaces and critical

government departments,

power generators are used

to ensure the servers are

working at all times, even in

the event of a power failure

from the energy source,

and to maintain the basic

equipment of the building.

such generators work on

diesel, fuel or batteries.

Hospitals, medical cities,

therapeutic centers and

other medical services

facilities rely on generators

to maintain the power

supply in the operating

rooms, and to make sure

that the equipment and

medical devices needed

for patients are constantly

working.

criteria selectionexperts and specialists have

set criteria for the selection

of generators to ensure their

longevity and save costs,

time and effort.

On the criteria for

selecting the best power

generator, experts say

the first step is to specify

the reasons and motive

for use, the amount of

energy required to run

the hardware, the cost of

operation and maintenance,

the nature of the tasks

and future need. some

power generation systems

are not compatible with

the environment they

are operating in, while

some generators require

a mechanism to work

automatically in case of a

power shortage.

The power generator

should preferably be

connected to the power

supply of the building or the

desired location to facilitate

the flow of an electric

current through the wire or

cable. It is also important

that the generator is easy

to carry so that only one

person can connect and run

it within minutes.

Cost and quality are

no less important when

selecting a power generator

so it runs for the longest

possible period. Maintenance

costs increase with time

and it is often the case that

cheaper devices carry higher

maintenance costs that may

exceed the purchasing cost

of the unit in the first place.

typeselectric power generators

vary depending on the fuel

source or kind of energy

supplied. In Japan, for

example, Mitsui announced

it is testing the first turbo

hybrid system to generate

electric power from wind

and water. The company

said the new system

could produce twice as

much energy produced

by conventional wind

turbines, as it incorporates

the solution seems simpleAt first glance the solution

seems simple - using power

generators of all kinds. But

this solution has evolved

over the years, overcoming

problem after the other

since it was invented by the

english scientist Michael

Faraday in 1831.

The electric generator is a

device that converts kinetic

energy into electrical energy

in an existing magnetic

field, and is classified as a

mechanical device.

It is worth mentioning

that the generator does

not create energy, since

this energy is present in the

form of mechanical energy.

The generator converts

mechanical into electrical

energy, so we find that each

generator is connected to

a diesel motor, for example,

to provide the mechanical

energy. The tool that

provides the mechanical

energy of the generator is

called the basic engine in

the words of engineers.

when do we need the electric generator?Portable energy generators

are necessary in several

places, especially in work

environments of critical

importance such as

hospitals, clinics, pharmacies

and even retail stores and

universities, all of which

use power generators in

case of a shortage, outage

or any error in the main

power source, power plants

or electricity networks

connecting regions.

In several cases,

individuals have power

generators in their homes

as a backup in case of a

power outage so that some

electrical appliances such

The generator is a device that works on converting kinetic energy into electrical energy

energy generators of all kinds have become a prerequisite to power remote areas


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

vertical wind turbines and

traditional paddles along

with turbines that generate

energy from underwater

ocean currents.

The length of the vertical

wind turbines is 154 feet

(about 45 meters), while

the turbine for the tidal

section is up to 49 feet

(about 15 meters). Both

sections are connected

to the power generator,

which allows the device

to generate double the

energy produced by

conventional wind turbines,

which is similar to hybrid

systems used in space.

scientists overseeing the

manufacturing of the new

system expect that the unit

could generate enough

energy to provide about

300 homes with electricity.

Although wind

power generators are

theoretically beneficial,

since wind is available day

and night, they require

many years of work and

research. Wind is not a

steady source because it

changes direction from

time to time and such

generators need to be

located in places where

wind speed is high, such as

towers and high buildings,

desert or coastal areas, or

near highways to exploit

the energy generated from

speeding cars.

solar-powered generators

are also another kind that

could provide electricity

by harnessing the energy

provided through sunlight.

One of the advantages

of solar energy is that

sunlight is abundant in

the summer and on sunny

days. However, this means

that the generator cannot

work at night or in cloudy

or rainy weather, as well as

the fact that solar panels are

expensive compared to wind

turbines and other energy

source.

Interestingly, sweden

has recently been using

waste to run large energy

generators as it is one

of the countries that is

advanced in this field. It

even began to import waste

from norway since it does

not have enough.

energy production from

solid waste is apparently

an encouraging option

for large cities due to the

lack of space dedicated to

bridging and because of the

cost of garbage transfer.

But such energy production

techniques require years of

development before they

can be officially adopted

and also need a unified

mechanism, especially as

some methods emit metric

tons of carbon dioxide into

the air, thus threatening

the environment and

contributing to global

warming.

diesel generators…best global option despite the various fuel

sources, the diesel generator

has proven its efficiency

in power generation.

These generators can

bear maximum electrical

loads and do not suffer

disruptions or problems.

They are also considered

the best generators in terms

of ease of operation and

productivity and can interact

the best with different

environments.

domestically, specialists

have estimated the value

of the market for diesel

generators in KsA at more

than sR1.5 billion. They

believe the market will

continue to grow due to

the growing demand for

electricity facilities and

because saudi economic

growth exceeds global

averages.

The diesel generator has proven its efficiency in the world of power generation and does not suffer from problems or errors

COVEr STOry


If electric power generators

depend on several types of

engines (according to the type

of fuel), then what is the best

engine for producing power?

Modern studies and

research show that diesel

engines are the best. This

was also the opinion of

Mikael Block, president of the

International Alliance of engine

Manufacturers, as mentioned

in his paper “Future of diesel

in the 21st century”; Professor

Mozaffer sha’aban, professor

of electric engineering at

Aleppo university, in his study

“diesel engine and the Future

of electric Power Generation”;

and engineer Ghayath Al-Ali

in his paper “diesel Generators

and engines”.

In a desert environment

that requires the generation

of electric power, diesel

engines are the best due

to their efficiency and low

consumption of water. This

gives them an advantage

when using towing units and

emergency electric generators.

In KsA, modern societies

are increasingly depending

on electric power and

manufacturers are competing

with each other to improve

diesel engines with different

capacities and volumes to

satisfy multiple requirements.

Practically, Gulf Power diesel

generators that operate with

a diesel engine and electric

generator, which work at the

same time, are fixed together

on a steel base and provided

with an advanced cooling

system, proved their high

efficiency in performance by

providing electrical energy of

up to 3,100 kVA, depending on

the purpose of use, especially

in the oil, gas and construction

sectors.

On the reasons that directed

Alkhorayef Commercial

Company to manufacture Gulf

In a desert environment that needs electric power, the diesel engine is the best due to its efficiency and low consumption of water.

diesel operated power generators.. the best alternative The power generator was

invented in 1831 by the english

chemistry/physics scientist

Michael Faraday (1791-1867).

It is an apparatus that coverts

mechanical power into

electricity. The generator

obtains this mechanical power

from an engine operated by

diesel, petrol, steam or any

other source of power.

electric power is generated

via electromagnetic induction.

In this mechanism, a group of

metal or magnetic coils rotate

around a similar, but stationary,

group of coils. A magnetic

field is generated in between

and with steady rotation it

turns into electric power in the

form of waves. For example,

a bicycle generator uses the

rotation power of the wheel

to produce electric power for

operating a bicycle lamp.


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

Power generators, engineer

Abdullah bin Mohammed

Alkhorayef, General Manager

of energy systems solutions,

said: “Alkhorayef began

generator assembling

operations locally, stemming

from the idea upon which the

company was established,

which is the necessity of

localizing the industry and

the transfer of expertise to

the local market. We aimed

to create a competitive

environment to attract the

saudi labor force to develop

such products. The company

has benefited from its contacts

and expertise of more than

40 years in the field of diesel

equipment to start generator-

assembling operations at the

beginning of the 20th century.

Today, Alkhorayef performs

assembly operations within

the highest international

standards that ensure the

quality of the final product

through the application of

quality certification (IsO9001)

during the various assembly

operations to ensure the user

receives the highest quality

and efficiency standards.”

engineer Abdullah

Alkhorayef said the brand,

which the company began

working on to produce more

than 10 years ago, now enjoys

a worldwide reputation for

high quality and provides

its customers with excellent

services, notably the provision

of integrated solutions and

after-sales service; thus

achieving high growth rates in

the saudi market, especially in

government facilities, hospitals

and factories.

He said, “These generators

are characterized as matching

the climatic conditions of

the Kingdom in terms of

high temperature and dusty

atmosphere, as well as being

designed after taking into

consideration the local market

needs, and exploring the

views of the customers who

have confirmed that many

imported energy generators

are not compatible with high

temperatures in the Kingdom,

especially during the summer

period. This cemented the

company’s realization that

the saudi market requires

solutions designed specifically

for local projects at a low

cost.”

He said that given the

importance of electric power

generators Alkhorayef was and

still is keen to develop after-

sales services to keep pace

with the growing demand for

generator units in all areas.

Alkhorayef today has over

13 branches in the Kingdom,

spreading from north to

south and from east to west

(Riyadh, Jeddah, Yanbu, Hail,

Jouf, Tabuk, Qassim, Hail,

Jazan, dammam), to serve its

customers in all areas through

maintenance centers and

sales teams and spare parts

technicians. This is based on

accumulated engineering

expertise to ensure high-

quality products with high

efficiency maintenance

for many customers, thus

ensuring the reliability and

continuity of power supply

units, he said.

He added, “The company

also provides periodic

maintenance every 200 hours

and provides guarantees of up

to two years for diesel backup

generators; because it trusts

the quality of the products it

offers to the market and has

confidence that the assembly

operations are of the highest

standards.”

He said, “In this regard

Alkhorayef Company is

cooperating with several

government and private

departments and institutions in

order to develop the required

specifications for electric

power generators in many

public and private projects, so

they are compatible with the

highest and latest international

standards through its

engineering sales team

covering various regions of the

Kingdom.”

He said Gulf Power, one

of the brands owned by

Alkhorayef, accounts for

some of the most important

industrial equipment provided

by the company, both for

the domestic or international

market, taking advantage of

the assistance of partnerships

with distinguished companies

such as the Volvo and John

deere.

He explained that Gulf

Power generators incorporate

diesel engines made by Volvo,

John deere, stamford and

Commons, the latter of which

joined forces with Alkhorayef

in 2015.

He said, “Alkhorayef also

designs and manufactures all

multiple use and applications

panels, such as low-voltage

motor control panels, running

COVEr STOry


panels for generators and

motors, speed control panels,

automatic switches transfer

panels and synchronization

panels.”

advantages and usessha’aban takes us back to

1892 to get a glimpse into the

journey of the diesel engine

and its future. He said, “The

diesel engine is an internal

combustion engine invented

by German engineer Rodolf

diesel in 1892 after five years

of research and development.

From the beginning and

during the whole 20th century,

the diesel engine was an

attractive solution for many

civil and military industrial

applications. Businessmen

were pleased to find a

practical, dependable and cost

effective power source. now,

in light of the many changes

that occurred in the power

sector all through the century,

this engine shall cross the line

between both the 20th and

21st centuries, carrying a more

optimistic future in the service

of mankind.”

diesel is more suitable for

powering vehicles such as

trucks, buses, trains and ships

as well as huge industrial

equipment.

Among the advantages of

diesel engine is safety - diesel

fuel is less flammable than

other fuels such as gasoline.

Operating efficiency stays

the same during the whole

operation period, especially if

it is maintained regularly.

In the case of power

generating plants, the diesel

engine is distinguished by

a long operational life and

provides several cost effective

solutions in many applications.

The most common use

of the diesel engine for

generating power is mobile

generators that operate in

while the air inlet is open

(suction phase). The cylinder

should be full of air and the

air inlet closes. When the

piston starts moving upwards,

air is compressed inside the

cylinder (compression phase).

Before the piston reaches

its elevation peak, the fuel is

injected through a special inlet.

When the fuel mixes with the

compressed air, the mixture

combusts due to the heat of

compression and the piston is

pushed strongly downwards

due to the combustion of the

air-fuel mixture (expansion

or power phase). The piston

moves upwards again, where

the exhaust valve is open this

time, and extrudes combustion

gases forward (vacuum

phase). The operation starts

again by bringing in new air,

and the piston starts a new

suction phase.

The two-phase diesel engine

is similar to four phase diesel

engines, except that exhaust

gases are pushed off the

cylinder via a special extrusion

device when the piston is

at his highest position. Also,

combustion in this engine

happens every cycle, while

it happens every two cycles

in the four phase type. Most

big diesel engines use the

two-phase type.

challenges and solutionsThe largest challenges

facing diesel engines are the

environmental impacts of

their usage, such as emitted

gases, large noise and high

cost of manufacturing due to

their large size and the type of

metals used to make them.

despite this, engineer

Abdullah bin Mohammed

Alkhorayef said: “Alkhorayef

Commercial Company

worked for nearly 10 years to

address these challenges. It

was successful in providing

integrated solutions through

support generators with

a special section for the

manufacture of panels. The

basic accessories supplied

for generators include

automatic converter panels,

manual conversion panels,

synchronization panels,

different sizes of fuel storage

tanks, sound-proofed and

weather-proofed containers,

mobile generators, silencers

and flexible exhaust

connections.”

scientists, engineers and

specialists are continuing

to improve the functions

of these engines in order

to provide a cleaner and

more efficient generation of

models. At the same time,

they predict that the demand

for diesel engines will not

decrease for the foreseeable

future, and they justify

this by the ever increasing

demand for electricity and

the shortcomings of other

types of fuel. Therefore, the

diesel engine is still the most

competent of all types of

internal combustion engines,

especially with the increasing

number of daily developments

and improvements it is

experiencing.

needy locations, emergency

generators in hospitals,

food refrigerators and major

generating units in villages

and factories. It is also used

in stationary power plants

by connecting it to electric

generators. Other advantages

in power plants include cost

effectiveness, the engine’s

speed in reaching full load

(less than one minute), high

output in different capabilities,

simple plant components and

less water consumption.

types of diesel enginesIn his book “diesel engine

Generators”, eng. Ahmed

Abdulmea’al classifies these

engines into two types: a

four-phase diesel engine and a

two-phase diesel engine.

According to this

classification, the mechanism

of the four-phase type starts

by moving the piston down

The diesel engine is still the most competent of all types of internal combustion engines.


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

OCCUPATIONAl SAfETy

By maya kassar

occupational safety and health is the top priority in different Business sectors, especially in oil installations that are considered home to some of the most dangerous work sites.therefore, accurate knowledge of occupational safety rules and a total commitment to health and safety is considered very crucial and necessary to ensure employees work in a safe environment and are far from any risk of accidents. however, what are the risks of non-compliance with these rules and what are the tasks of the occupational safety officer in industrial plants? we discuss this in the following..

the occuPational safetyofficial at oil installations

Profession ofthe firstand last mistake


88% of human errorsAny breach of safety rules at

oil installations constitutes a

grave mistake, especially if

the country has the largest

oil reserves in the world. In

this case, would be the first

and last time the error would

occur, as it could lead to the

death of the perpetrator and

others around him, as well as

disrupt world markets and

have a negative impact on oil

prices.

In this context, recent

statistics have shown that

88 percent of accidents are

caused by human error, 10

percent by mechanical faults,

and the remaining 2 percent

are attributed to unknown

causes.

International Labor

Organization (ILO) reports

indicate the occurrence

of one death every 15

seconds as a result of work

accidents in all sectors

and a daily average of an

estimated 6,300 deaths. up

to 2.3 million deaths result

from injuries or faulty and

unsafe practices within the

workplace annually. One

hundred and sixty workers

are exposed every 15

seconds to a work injury of

some kind, while the number

of accidents involving

workers annually reaches 317

million, most of which occur

due to the absence of safety

standards at work, with an

estimated treatment cost of

4 percent of the total global

GdP annually.

The 33rd statistical report

of the General Organization

for social Insurance in the

Kingdom said there were

75,825 work injuries among

insurance subscribers in

2012, and 1.4 percent of total

subscribers on the job. This

indicates the existence of a

extracted from beneath the

surface of the earth and is a

mixture of hydrocarbons or

derivatives, which take gas,

liquid, spray or solid forms,

means that workers in the

oil industry are exposed to

several dangers. This requires

the provision of high levels

of industrial safety measures

in the workplace in order to

avoid hazards and protect

workers and equipment and

the work environment.

such dangers are related

to petroleum materials and

how to deal with them during

loading, exchanging, trading

and storing, as well as the

risks associated with failing

to follow safety procedures

in various work activities,

starting with the operations of

exploration, drilling, supplying,

welding, construction,

extensions and wiring, and

bombing, the latter of which

is considered the most

dangerous type of work.

The losses due to lax

safety measures are not only

limited to loss of life, but may

also lead to the cessation

of production and influence

the global demand for oil.

Countries invest billions of

dollars in its oil installations

in order to protect the

investment from disasters

and accidents and to reduce

losses - if any - to a minimum

to ensure the continuity of

production and pumping.

There are many examples

of accidents that took place

in some global facilities,

leading to confusion in

oil prices and disrupted

production.

variety of injuriesOccupational injuries usually

vary from fractures, falls,

burns, etc. to injuries that

take days, months or years

to appear, such as tendonitis,

headaches and muscle

tension. In both categories,

such injuries cause real

problems for the employee

and the employer at the

same time, including low

real problem that primarily

affects the national economy,

which could incur significant

losses as a result of the

high incidence of work-

related injuries and increases

the need to concentrate

on meeting the safety

requirements of sectors

characterized by risky jobs.

risks in the oil industryThe fact that oil is typically

several tasks are performed by occupational safety officials at oil installations - mostly consisting of regular inspections of the workplace


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

productivity and morale,

pain and discomfort. The

company will also be forced

to pay medical expenses

and compensation to the

worker and the injuries can

sometimes lead to crippling

or fatal outcomes.

This has led to an

emphasized importance

of securing employees

and protecting them from

exposure to accidents,

injuries and occupational

diseases; preserving

assets such as gears and

equipment; ensuring the

implementation of all

requirements of occupational

safety to ensure a safe

environment; spreading the

feeling of safety among

workers; and reducing

anxiety and panic among

those who work with

materials and tools that may

carry life-threatening risks.

they start work. This

includes the concept of

safety, responsibilities and

rules of safety, familiarity

with the initial principles in

firefighting, optimal use of

equipment and amortization,

knowledge of the risks

of extraction processes,

knowledge of the electrical

and mechanical hazards of oil

and ways to prevent losses,

identifying the primary

principles of civil defense and

first aid procedures in case of

emergency.

These would work

alongside training courses

that teach employees on

how to adjust their behavior

to work safely and provide

information on hazardous

materials and the safety of

the business.

It is important to provide

the highest professional

safety ratings, paving the

solution: comprehensive knowledgeThe question that comes to

mind here is this: what is the

solution to ward off these

risks?

Achieving the general

objectives of any project

requires building on solid

foundations. Optimizing the

application of occupational

safety in saudi Arabia

facilities requires proper

and meaningful technical

planning as well as full

knowledge of all safety

requirements and their

application based on sound

scientific principles.

specialized training

courses in the field of

occupational safety and

health are considered the

basis for the work of oil

facilities. such courses

introduce employees to

several safety rules before

way to achieving high levels

of accident-free production.

This is done through a

variety of arrangements,

including the provision

of courses and training

programs for staff and

officials to introduce the

regulations and rules for

mitigating injury rates

and deaths in different

work environments, and

decreasing the rate of

various workplace-related

diseases, which ensures

reasonable protection from

potential hazards. It is also

important that employees

start their work only after

being sure of their ability

to perform their duties

correctly and properly and

by identifying business risks

and preventive measures

that are to be taken by

managements and clearly

explained to all workers.

OCCUPATIONAl SAfETy

Breaching safety rules in oil facilities could kill the perpetrator and others around him

» Regularly inspects the

workplace and detects any

potential sources of harm.

» Investigates accidents at work.

» Oversees the selection of

appropriate personal protective

equipment.

» Works on spreading a safety

culture.

» Collects accurate statistics on

accidents at work.

» Participates in the Occupational

safety Committee.

» Oversees the implementation of

occupational safety programs

assessed by the Commission.

Tasks of occupational safety officials at oil installations:


By lamisse farhat

as a country that Boasts a charming nature and lies on top of towering mountains and sparkling shores, colomBia proves it is not only a tourist destination But also a developing nation stepping out of the shadow of latin america’s emerging states in terms of economy and market strength and Becoming a leading country that depends on its aBundant geographical and industrial components.

colomBiacharming country andmulti-resource economy


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

between 1970 and 1998.

However, the country

returned to recession in 1999

before it was then able to

achieve growth in recent

years, reaching 8.2 percent

in 2007 and recording one

of the highest growth rates

in Latin America. At the

same time, the Colombian

stock market increased a

thousand points from the

date of its inception in 2001

to more than 7,300 points

before 2008.

rates of progressIt seems the Colombian

economic situation is getting

better, as the country

occupies second place

in growth rates amongst

Latin American countries,

according to local reports.

In 2014 the growth rate

increased to 4.7 percent,

according to government

reports of Colombia. The

country has seen a rise

in the volume of foreign

investments, as indications

show that the country

recorded the fourth largest

income from foreign

investment in Latin America

during the past year, an

estimated $17 billion and an

increase of 8 percent from

the previous year.

The Constitutional Republic

of Colombia is located in

the northwestern part of the

south American continent,

bordered by the Caribbean

sea to the north, Venezuela

and Brazil to the east, Peru

and ecuador to the south,

Panama from the northwest

and the Pacific Ocean to

the west, making it the only

country in south America

to enjoy the coasts of the

Pacific Ocean and the

Caribbean sea.

Colombia is one of the

central powers, the third

largest economy in south

America and a member of

CIVeTs, consisting of six

emerging markets countries.

Colombia’s basic industries

include food and beverages,

textiles and clothing,

footwear, chemicals, cement,

plastics, ferroalloys, coal,

nickel, gold, emeralds, oil,

coffee, sugar cane, oilseeds,

forest products, flowers and

other agricultural products.

The country is

characterized by six main

natural areas that granted

the country a prestigious

status as a tourist destination,

starting from the Andes

mountain area shared with

Panama and ecuador, the

coastal region on the Pacific

shared with Panama and

Venezuela, and the joint

meadows with Venezuela,

reaching an Amazon shared

with Venezuela, Brazil, Peru

and ecuador.

difficulties and challengesIn spite of the difficulties

caused by the internal armed

conflicts, the Colombian

market economy grew

steadily in the late 20th

century, with an increase

in GdP at an average rate

of over 4 percent a year

According to a recent

report of the World Bank,

business is easier in Manizales,

Ibagué and Pereira, but more

difficult in Cali and Cartagena.

Reforms in the field of

specialized management have

helped reduce the time taken

to prepare documentation for

business and trade.

saudi arabia’s leadership in BogotaAbout a fifth of the

Colombian workforce is

concentrated in the areas

of industrial activity, with

most of the factories

concentrated in Bogota,

Medellín and Cali. small

factories also vary in size

and most of them operate

in the fields of textiles, food

products, chemicals and

metal industries, and cement

manufacturing.

Colombia relies on coal

and oil as sources of energy.

despite its mineral wealth,

mining is a small part of

Colombian income, as it uses

its enormous stockpiles of

metals in manufacturing. Other

sources of income include

Colombia has a huge reservoir of natural gas and coal, especially because hydro plants provide 70% of the country’s electricity needs

COUNTrIES

coal, iron ore, petroleum and

natural gas. It also produces

more than 90 percent of

emeralds in the world and is a

main gold producer.

After Colombia was forced

to import oil previously, it

managed in the 1980s to

become one of the exporting

countries and enjoys a huge

reservoir of natural gas and

coal. Hydro power plants

provide 70 percent of the

electricity used in the country.

In this area, Alkhorayef

Petroleum Company in

Colombia is considered one

of the leading entities in the

country, as it is specialized in

providing excellent service in

the exploration of oil and gas

in Bogota.

The company was founded

in 2011 and is working to dig

wells and provide various

services to oil companies.

The size of its business

reached $31.2 million

annually, making it one of the

largest companies in the field

of oil and gas exploration

services in Colombia and

providing jobs to more than

82 employees.


proactive influence tactics

translated By: Baher abdelhadi

for the past two decades, researchers have examined the specific types of Behavior used to exercise influence. four general types of Behavior that can Be differentiated according to their primary purpose are impression management tactics, political tactics, proactive tactics and reactive tactics.

from “leadership in organizations”, by gary yukl


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

1- impression management tacticsThese tactics are intended

to influence people to

like the agent or to have

a favorable evaluation

of the agent. examples

include providing praise,

ingratiation and talking

about one’s achievements

or qualifications (self-

promotion). These tactics

can be used by leaders to

influence followers, or by

followers to influence a

leader.

2- Political tacticsThese tactics are used to

influence organizational

decisions or otherwise gain

benefits for an individual

or group. They are also

used to influence how

important decisions are

made and who makes

them. examples include

influencing the agenda

for meetings to include a

certain person’s issues, or

influencing decision makers

to use criteria that will

bias decisions in a certain

person’s favor, or selecting

decision makers who will

promote and defend his

interests.

Political tactics are also

used to defend against

opponents and silence

critics. some of these

tactics involve deception,

manipulation and abuse of

power.

3- reactive influence tacticsThese tactics are used to

resist an unwanted influence

attempt or to modify the

agent’s request or proposal

to be more acceptable

to the target. From the

perspective of an observer,

the agent and the target

have switched roles when

reactive tactics are being

used.

In this regard, some

specific influence tactics

can be used for more than

one purpose, but they may

not be equally effective for

different purposes.

4- Proactive influence tacticsThese tactics have an

immediate task objective,

such as getting the target

to carry out a new task,

change the procedures used

for a current task, provide

assistance on a project or

support a proposed change.

When a request is clearly

legitimate, relevant for the

work and something the

target knows how to do,

then it is often possible to

get target compliance by

using a “simple request”

based on legitimate power.

However, when a target

resistance is likely, then

the agent may need to

use a proactive influence

tactic such as rational

persuasion.

Two research programs

have used inductive and

deductive approaches to

identify distinct types of

proactive tactics. Kipnis,

schmidt and Wilkinson

developed a preliminary

taxonomy by analyzing

critical incidents that

described successful

influence attempts.

schriesheim and Hinkin

later conducted a factor

analysis of the Profile of

Organizational Influence

strategies (POIs) using

data from samples of

agents who rated their own

use of the tactics in upward

influence attempts with

their boss.

ACADEMIC ArTIClE

Researchers have identified four types of influence tactics - impression management tactics, political tactics, proactive tactics and reactive tactics.


This study found support

for six of the proposed

tactics (i.e. rationality,

exchange, ingratiation,

assertiveness, coalition and

upward appeal). A research

program on proactive

tactics was carried out by

Yukl and his colleagues.

The Influence Behavior

Questionnaire (IBQ) was

developed to provide other

influence tactics and renew

old tactics:

how to benefit from proactive influence tactics?There are many ways to

benefit from proactive

influence tactics. Rational

persuasion involves the

use of explanations, logical

arguments and factual

evidence to show that

a request or proposal is

feasible and relevant for

attaining task objectives.

Rational persuasion is

most appropriate when

the target person shares

the same task objectives

as the manager, but does

not recognize the proposal

is the best way to attain

the objectives. If the agent

and target person have

incompatible objectives,

then this tactic is unlikely to

be successful for obtaining

target commitment or even

compliance.

With appraising tactics,

the agent explains why a

request or proposal is likely

to benefit the target person

as an individual. One type of

benefit involves the target

person’s career, which could

be aided by opportunities

to learn new skills, meet

important people, or gain

more visibility and a better

reputation.

Inspirational appeal

involves two types - an

emotional appeal or

value-based appeal - in

contrast to the logical

arguments used in rational

persuasion. An inspirational

appeal is an attempt

to develop enthusiasm

and commitment by

arousing strong emotions

and linking a request or

proposal to a person’s

needs, values, hopes and

ideals. some bases for

appealing to most people

include their desire to be

important, to feel useful, to

develop and use their skills,

to accomplish something

worthwhile, to perform

an exceptional feat, to

rational Persuasion The agent uses logical arguments and factual evidence to show a proposal or

request is feasible and relevant for attaining important task objectives.

appraising The agent explains how carrying out a request or supporting a proposal will

benefit the target personally or help advance the target person’s career.

inspirational appeals The agent makes an appeal to values and ideas or seeks to arouse the target

person’s emotions to gain commitment for a request or proposal.

consultation The agent encourages the target to suggest improvements in a proposal or

to help plan an activity or change for which the target person’s support and

assistance are desired.

exchange The agent offers an incentive, suggests an exchange of favors, or indicates

willingness to reciprocate at a later time if the target will do what the agent

requests.

collaboration The agent offers to provide relevant resources and assistance if the target will

carry out a request or approve a proposed change.

Personal appeal The agent asks the target to carry out a request or support a proposal out of

friendship, or asks him for a personal favor before saying what it is.

ingratiation The agent uses praise and flattery before or during an influence attempt, or

expresses confidence in the target’s ability to carry out a difficult request.

legitimating tactics The agent seeks to establish the legitimacy of a request or to verify authority

to make it by referring to rules, policies, contracts, or precedents.

Pressure The agent uses demands, threats, frequent checking, or persistent reminders

to influence the target to carry out a request.

coalition The agent seeks the aid of others as a reason for the target to agree.

There are many ways to use proactive influence tactics. In rational persuasion, explanations and arguments are used to show that the request is feasible.


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

ACADEMIC ArTIClE

be a member of the best

team, or to participate in

an exciting effort to make

things better.

Consultation occurs

when the target person

in invited to participate in

planning how to carry out

a request or implement a

proposed change. There are

several reasons for using

consultation as a decision

procedure. In one common

form of consultation,

the manager presents a

proposed policy or plan

to a person who will be

involved in implementing

it to discover whether the

person has any doubts or

concerns.

exchanging tactics

involves the explicit or

implicit offer to provide

something the target

person wants in return for

carrying out a request. This

tactic is especially useful

when the target person

is indifferent or reluctant

about complying with a

request because it offers

no important benefits and

would involve considerable

effort and inconvenience.

An essential condition for

effective use of this tactic

is control over something

the target person

desires enough to justify

compliance. The incentive

may involve a wide range

of tangible or intangible

benefits (e.g. a pay increase

or promotion, scarce

resources, information,

assistance on another task,

assistance in advancing the

target’s career). sometimes

the promise may be implicit

rather than explicit, such

as the suggestion that the

favor will be returned in an

unspecified way at a future

time.

feasible when the target

person dislikes the agent

or is indifferent about what

happens to the agent. The

stronger the friendship or

loyalty, the more likely it

will be used when asking

for something that is not

part of the target person’s

regular job responsibilities

(e.g. provide assistance, do

a personal favor).

Ingratiation includes

giving compliments,

doing unsolicited favors

Collaboration tactics

involve an offer to provide

necessary resources

or assistance, such as

offering to show the

target person how to

do a requested task,

offering to provide the

equipment or technical

assistance needed to

perform a requested task,

and offering to help the

target person deal with

a problem that would be

caused by carrying out the

request. Collaboration may

seem similar to exchange

in that both tactics

involve an offer to do

something for the target

person. However, there

are important differences

in the underlying

motivational processes

and facilitation conditions.

exchange usually involves

an impersonal trade of

unrelated benefits, whereas

collaboration usually

involves a joint offer to

accomplish the same task

or objective.

A personal appeal

involves asking someone to

do a favor out of friendship

or loyalty to the agent.

This influence tactic is not

and acting deferential

and respectful. However,

ingratiation is likely to be

viewed as manipulative

when it is used just before

asking for something.

Therefore, ingratiation is

less useful for an immediate

influence attempt than a

longer-term strategy to

improve relationships with

people.

The Yukl study also

covered legitimating tactics

that involve attempts to

establish one’s authority or

right to make a particular

request. However, a

legitimating tactic may be

needed when a request

is unusual, or it clearly

exceeds your authority.

Pressure tactics include

threats, warnings and

assertive behavior such

as repeated demands or

frequent checking to see

whether the person has

complied with a request.

Pressure tactics are

sometimes successful in

eliciting compliance with a

request, particularly if the

target person is just lazy

or apathetic rather than

strongly opposed to it, or

it may cause resentment

and undermine working

relationships. In response,

the target person may try

to avoid, discredit or restrict

the power of the agent.

The last type in the

Yukl study is coalition.

Coalition tactics involve

getting help from other

people to influence the

target person. The coalition

partners may be peers,

subordinates, superiors, or

outsiders. When assistance

is provided by the superior

of the target person, the

tactic may be called an

“upward appeal”.

Ingratiation includes giving compliments, doing unsolicited favors as well as acting deferential and respectful. However, ingratiation is likely to be viewed as manipulative when it is used just before asking for something.


to lead others, you must apply your ideas to yourself first

how to lead your teamto successBy said al hasanieh

napoleon Bonaparte, the late emperor of france, was once quoted as saying: “an army of raBBits led By a lion is Better than an army of lions led By a raBBit.”this quote reflects the important role of leadership in achieving joBs and tasks. whenever tasks are assigned, there must Be a successful leadership to manage them. Based on napoleon’s quote, what applies to arms would definitely apply to companies and work teams running the Business. therefore, a successful leader is a must.how does a successful leader lead his team to success? how can everyone apply his plans to achieve company oBjectives?


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

a simple equationMany people often question their

position in business world, and many

people go to work every day without

knowing the real reason for being

there, other than earning money. They

probably don’t even know the role

they are playing or don’t understand

its importance within the major work

plan of their establishment. Whichever

doubts they may have, they are still

responsible for appreciating their role

and their importance before their

employer.

That’s why researchers say, “If you

want to be a leader, you have to lead

yourself first.” Proactive work means

you have to be your own leader

because your career depends on

what you do, not what others do. The

equation of success is simple: “set an

example for others; apply your ideas to

yourself first.”

skills and traitsWe often use and talk a lot about

leadership, but in most cases we don’t

comprehend all leadership traits that

we should apply, and that was the

center point of dr. William Howatt’s

book, “How to Be a successful Leader.”

The author has defined a set of skills

and traits that a successful leader must

possess, such as the following:

Leading by a leader. every operation

starts with him. The manager is a

leader; he must clearly define his

objectives and attitudes, and set small,

definite steps in order to reach the final

result that he wants to achieve, for

himself and his team.

Leaders work for people. As a leader,

he must look beyond the approved

system, machines and numbers. Real

people are doing the work. Hence, he

must apply the rule: “My men are my

most important customers. To be a

successful leader, I must communicate

with them and appreciate them.

Without them, I will never be a leader.”

Leadership means flexibility. The

leader must have a plan A and several

plan Bs. He must be creative in order

to achieve the targeted result. A good

leader bends, but never breaks. He

must secure a safe work environment

for his employees, and realize that

the objective of flexibility means

implementing a positive change.

Leadership means the leader must

be tough. It is a symbol of security.

He must not be defeated or broken

by a simple challenge. A tough leader

lives by owning an inner power to

control the situation and keeping it

under control. He knows that he is

totally responsible for his choices and

behavior. Leadership requires daily

action for building safe limits and

improving self confidence.

Leadership means understanding

that we are all different. no two people

have similar fingerprints. Likewise, no

two employees are similar to each

other. everyone has different traits.

A successful leader must realize that

each person has his own strength and

personalities. He must know how to

recognize other people’s intelligence.

If the leader tries to apply a uniform

attitude to all employees, it won’t work.

talentsome people are born leaders;

others acquire leadership gradually

by applying and practicing its basic

principles. Leadership in social

positions, business and at home all

need common basic traits for creating

independent personalities. dr. Howatt’s

book is testament to this.

lead yourselfdr. Howatt points out: “In order to

become a great leader, you must lead

yourself first. employees are actually

their own leaders; if they don’t follow

work regulations and realize the

essence of their roles, they will be

discharged or downsized. We might

not be able to control everything at

work, but we can control our own jobs.

In order to work proactively, we must

be our own leaders. Most of the time,

our futures depend on ourselves.”

dr. Howatt assures that the formula

for successful leadership is simple: “To

lead others, you must apply your ideas

to yourself first. define the level that

suits you, and be proud of it. Policies

adopted by companies represent

the minimum level expected from

the employees; therefore, we have to

upgrade ourselves to a higher level to

leave a margin for human error. We all

make mistakes, but no one wants to

make big mistakes. We can correct our

mistakes by acquiring good work habits

and by equal participation in other jobs

that we consider unimportant.

dr. Howatt: We all make mistakes, but no one wants to make big mistakes. We can correct our mistakes by acquiring good work habits,being there, other than earning money.

BUSINESSETIqUETTE

Many people go to work every day without knowing the real reason for being there, other than earning money.


steam injection technology helPing to release heavy crude


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

the story of this techniqueThis technology saw the light during the

1960s because it was new at the time

and was used by company us Chevron in

order to extract heavy oil from the Kern

River Oil Field in Bakersfield, California.

This field yielded less than 10 percent

of its oil through the use of traditional

methods. using the steam injection

method, the American company was able

to pump nearly 80 percent of its crude oil

from the field.

Later, with the growing demand for

energy and the beginning of the depletion

of light oil fields around the world, nations

and international companies decided

to switch to the more difficult source

of heavy oil in the depth of the deserts,

and extract it through steam injection

techniques.

This process begins by injecting steam

through wells to the reservoir where the

giant boilers convert water into steam,

then long pipes carry the steam at a

temperature of up to 315 degrees Celsius

(600 Fahrenheit) into the ground. This

then heats the oil underground to ease its

density and thickness, improve its ability to

move, and thus releasing it. In the vicinity

of these wells is a network of pumps to

transfer the oil to the surface for extraction.

This technique allows for the extraction

of more oil from the rocks after using the

initial methods. In the first phase between

20 and 40 percent is extracted and to

increase this amount the viscosity of the

remaining oil is reduced using heat.

Although it is difficult to extract heavy

oil, it is abundantly available. statistics

from the World energy Council based

BUSINESSTEChNOlOGy

By mustafa shihab

oilfields around the world have entered a new stage of production processes thanks to a long-awaited technology known as steam injection, which could help oil-producing countries accrue Billions of Barrels of heavy oil that they were previously unaBle to extract using traditional methods. this process, therefore, prolongs the supply of many oil-producing countries.the steam injection process is usually performed in deposits of heavy oil (very sticky and dense, similar to syrup or Black honey). this heavy oil is Better than light oil when used as fuel, despite the fact that companies are facing greater difficulty in the extraction of heavy oil.heavy oil reservoirs reside in depths exceeding a thousand meters, and the liquid is known for its high density to the extent it loses its fluidity in some wells and fields and thus Becomes non-extractaBle using traditional methods, necessitating the need to resort to new technologies such as steam injection.heavy crude oil is also more expensive than light oil Because it requires more processing operations and costs more in order to refine and extract fuel from it. however, it is regarded as the future of the oil industry around the world following the depletion of light oil production fields in oil-producing countries in the past decades.

This technique allows for the extraction of more oil from rocks after using initial methods

Wafra is the only region in the Middle east that is testing the steam injection technique on a large scale in a carbonate reservoir

on data from the body of us surveys

indicate the presence of 91 heavy oil fields

in 21 countries, including 11 nautical fields.

The total oil discovered is about 2,064

trillion barrels that would cover world

consumption at current levels for a period

of 100 years. The total reserves and

recoverable resources were estimated at

297 billion barrels.

In the Middle east alone, there are about

78 billion barrels of recoverable heavy oil;

three and half times more than the total

reserves of the united states.

wafra field experienceIn the Wafra oil field along the saudi

Arabia - Kuwait border, saudi Arabia

Chevron started experimenting with

steam injection at a small corner in order

to produce more than 500,000 barrels

of oil a day from a location considered to

be an abundant source of extractable oil,

home to more than six billion barrels.

There is no doubt that the results of this

technique were remarkable. According to

officials in Chevron, the steam injection

experience at the first eocene reservoir in

Wafra, at a cost exceeding $350 million,

increased production by 600 percent.

Officials say that the effect of steam

injection is large and enormous. Over 60

years ago, traditional methods contributed

to the extraction of about 5 percent of the

oil located in the first eocene reservoir.

note that the extraction of another 1

percent of the reservoir alone adds more

than 100 million barrels reserves to the

Wafra field, as the estimated quantity of oil

in the first eocene reservoir is about nine

billion barrels.

Wafra is the only operation zone to

test the steam injection technique on a

large scale in a carbonate reservoir in the

Middle east, in light of estimates that 60

percent, perhaps more, of hydrocarbon

reserves in the world are trapped in

carbonate reservoirs mostly in the Middle

east.

In 2007, in the sultanate of Oman as

well, Occidental began a steam injection

project in the Mukhaizna Al-Oman field.

This increased production by 15 times,

confirmed that this effective technique

will work to extract the last drop of oil in

fields around the world.


By jehad abu hashem

yOU MAy ThINk ThAT ThErE ArE PlENTy Of DIffErENT SUCCESS ThEOrIES. hOWEVEr, ThE fOllOWING POINTS OUTlINED BElOW PrESENT A COMPrEhENSIVE STrATEGy Of WhAT ONE CAN DO TO DEVElOP hIMSElf. ThE WrITEr Of ThESE POINTS IS STEVE JOBS, ThE lATE fOUNDEr Of APPlE WhO INSPIrED ThE WhOlE WOrlD AND AChIEVED GrEAT SUCCESS WhEN hE APPlIED ThESE rUlES. IN OThEr WOrDS, yOU MUST PrEPArE yOUrSElf fOr SUCCESS AND SEED WhATEVEr yOU WANT TO CUlTIVATE. yOU MUST “SEED” yOUr OBJECTIVES, MAkE PlANS TO AChIEVE ThEM AND “CUlTIVATE” SUCCESS. JOBS’ POINTS Of SUCCESS WErE AS fOllOWS:

self development to cultivate wheat, do not seed corn

Start small,think big

Be hungry and eager for

success

Thinkdifferently

follow your feelings and take

the first step

Alwayslearn

Perform your task properlyand accurately

Don’t think only in terms of tomorrow;

think also of thefuture

Don’t target quantity, but

quality

Do what youreally like to do

Consider other people’s

ideas

learn fromyour failure

Criticize your opponents, but

benefit fromtheir ideas

Innovate

Don’t leave without leaving

your mark

Say 1,000 “NO’s” to

everything that might block your thinking

fight to achieveyour dreams


Th

is mag

azin

e is p

rinte

d o

n M

an

rola

nd

70

0

the seven haBits

INfOGrAPhIC

IN hIS fAMOUS BOOk “ThE SEVEN hABITS Of hIGhly EffECTIVE PEOPlE” ThAT SOlD MOrE ThAN 15 MIllION COPIES, STEPhEN COVEy SET SEVEN PrINCIPlES fOr SElf DEVElOPMENT:

Be Proactive

(responsib

ility)

Begin with the end in mind(leadership and envision)Put first things first

(managem

ent and

priority of the most

important things)

think w

in-win

(fair treatm

ent)

seek

firs

t to

under

stan

d,

then

to b

e und

erst

ood

(pos

itive

com

mun

icatio

n)

synergize

(proactive team)

sharpen the saw

(renewal and readiness)

Documents

Power generators.. - ALKHORAYEF GROUPalkhorayef.com/en/common/viewfile?FilePath=~/Uploads...Gulf and uAe has a higher demand than other markets in Western europe and north America