Upload
sherilyn-gardner
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Power Systems Consulting and Software
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
Integration of Offshore Wind Farms into the Local Distribution Network
Charles A. [email protected]
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
2 Power Systems Consulting and Software
DTI Project K/EL/0272
• Final Reporthttp://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/renewables/publications/pdfs/kel00272.pdf
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
3 Power Systems Consulting and Software
Partners
• IPSA Power Ltd.
• EEPS Group, UMIST
• Innogy/National Wind Power
• Powergen
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
4 Power Systems Consulting and Software
Objectives
• Establish viability of 100MW+ of wind generation connected to 132kV
• Establish validity of analysis tools for systems with doubly fed generators
• Compare the behaviour of the different types of wind generator
• Investigate using converter controls to assist is local area voltage control
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
5 Power Systems Consulting and Software
Project Phases
• DFIG Model Development• Steady State and Dynamic
• Connections Studies
• Optimal Power Flow Development• DFIG model
• Voltage Control Studies
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
6 Power Systems Consulting and Software
Generation Alternatives
• ‘Fixed Speed’ Induction Generator
• Variable Speed Synchronous or Induction Generation via Static Converters
• Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
7 Power Systems Consulting and Software
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
8 Power Systems Consulting and Software
Double Fed Induction Generator
• What is a DFIG?• Wound rotor Induction Machine• Variable frequency voltage applied to the rotor
windings
• Why is it needed?• Variable speed, from about 0.7 to 1.3 per unit• Optimise performance over a range of wind
speeds
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
9 Power Systems Consulting and Software
Typical configuration of DFIG wind turbine
• As
rvri
sv
si aigi
PowerSystem
Controller
ac / dc dc / ac
C1 C2
av
gg jQP
Crowbarprotection
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
10
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Modelling Requirements
• Load Flow Studies• Voltage Stability and Control• Variation of real and reactive power over
operating regimes
• Fault Analysis Studies
• Dynamic Analysis Studies• Transient and Dynamic stability
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
11
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Modelling Detail
• Control Modes• Speed Control• plus Power Factor control • Associated AC/DC Converters
• Two Points of Power Injection• May not be explicitly modelled• Rotor reactive power is not provided by the
network
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
12
Power Systems Consulting and Software
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
13
Power Systems Consulting and Software
DFIG Performance Characteristic
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
14
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Connection Studies
• Collaborators• Scottish Power, Manweb• United Utilities
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
15
Power Systems Consulting and Software
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
16
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Variable speed synchronous generation
DEES A1
CC C
DEES A1
SCHP C1SCHP C2SCHP C2
OFSFARM1
HOLY C2
CONQ C4
CONQ C2
CONQ C3
CONQ C1
DEES S1
SHOT C2SHOT C1
HOLY C1
SASA C2SASA C1
COLB C2
SHOT F2SHOT F3
SHOT F1
DEPK C1
HOLY C2
SASA C4
SASA C3
DEES S4
DEPK BN8
SCHP C1 SCHP C2
SCHP G1SCHP G2SCHP G3
OFSFARM1
OFSW12
J2
OFSW33OFSH1
OFSHHOLYWF
DC3 DC4 CON-HO
DC5
DC6
CON-RH
SYN-rh
SYN-HOL
Title: IPSA 132 kV Study 2 Farms Synch. Model IPSA 22DC<0032> 03 Jun 2003 12:13:35
NETWORK DIAGRAM DRAWING AND MODIFYINGType <H> if you need any help
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
17
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Steady State Studies
• Fixed Speed Induction Machines• Higher reactive power flows• Increased voltage regulation• Higher make duty fault levels
• DFIG• Lower increase in make duty fault levels
• Variable Speed Synchronous Machines• Least impact
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
18
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Dynamic Analysis
• All three generation types modelled
• Fault clearance studies for faults at the wind farm and on the 132kV network
• Further development of controller modelling by User Defined Modelling
• DTI Project: K/EL/0321• Facilitating the modelling of embedded
generation
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
19
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Fault at 132kV, example 1
IPSA 22.0b
Graph 1: BUSBAR VOLTAGE - PU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Graph 2: IM POWER (S) - MVA
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Graph 3: IM MOTOR TORQ. - MJ
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Graph 4: BUSBAR ANGLE - degrees
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
-180
-135
-90
-45
45
90
135
180
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Title: 132 DFIG network for TS-1 DC<0032> 16 Sep 2003 15:24:55
132 DFIG network for TS-1
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
20
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Fault at 132kV, example 2
IPSA 22.0b
Graph 1: BUSBAR VOLTAGE - PU
0.5 1.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW12 OFSH1 OFSH2
Graph 2: IM POWER (Q) - MVAR
0.5 1.0
-100
-50
50
100
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Graph 3: IM MOTOR TORQ. - MJ
0.5 1.0
-100
-50
50
100
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Graph 4: BUSBAR ANGLE - degrees
0.5 1.0
-180
-135
-90
-45
45
90
135
180
0.0
OFSW11 OFSW12 OFSW13 OFSH1 OFSH2
Title: 132 DFIG network for TS-1 DC<0032> 06 Oct 2003 16:49:12
132 DFIG network for TS-1
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
21
Power Systems Consulting and Software
User Defined Modelling
In(1)
In(2)
A
B
In(6)
In(3)
In(4)
A
B
F(12)
F(15)In(5) F(17)F(18)
A
B
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
In(7)
Ka+Tas
Kb+Tbs
A
B
B
A x
xA
xB xy
y
OU(1)
IPSA 22DC<0032> 01 Ju l 2003 16 :19 :07
B L O C K D IAG R AM D R AW IN G U T IL IT Y - H F O R H E L P
WIND INC IDENT M O DELLING
G O VERNO R AND TURBINE
FREQ UENC YREF
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
22
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Voltage Control Studies
• Load Flow and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) studies
• Compare fixed speed and variable speed machines
• Determine optimal control strategy over a range of network conditions
• Coordinated area based voltage control
• Maximise generation penetration
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
23
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Voltage Control Results
• Significant improvement operating wind farm under voltage control compared with constant power factor control (DFIG)
• Increased generation penetration possible
• Fixed speed machine power factor correction is an additional constraint
• OPF very helpful in addressing a wide range of issues
4 March 2004
BWEA Conference: UK Offshore Wind 2004
24
Power Systems Consulting and Software
Conclusions
• Alternative generation types successfully modelled in system wide studies
• Connection of 100+ MW of offshore generation is possible at 132kV
• More generation can be connected if it participates in voltage control
• Full report:http://www.dti.gov.uk
/energy/renewables/publications/pdfs/kel00272.pdf