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POWERING REMOTE POWERING REMOTE NORTHERN VILLAGES WITH NORTHERN VILLAGES WITH THE MIDNIGHT SUNTHE MIDNIGHT SUN
Lance Whitwell, Lance Whitwell, Tribal Energy ManagerTribal Energy Manager
Marjorie John, Marjorie John, Assistant Energy ManagerAssistant Energy Manager
Joshua Roberts, Joshua Roberts, Energy InternEnergy Intern
Myles O’KellyMyles O’Kelly, , Independence Power & Energy ConsultingIndependence Power & Energy Consulting
November 19, 2003
Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
TRIBAL ENERGY PROGRAMFY2003 Program and Project Review Meeting
Golden, Colorado
Powering Remote Northern Villages with the Midnight Sun
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Project LocationProject Location
Alaska Native Gwich’incommunities of Arctic Village and Venetie are in northeast Alaska.
There are no roads to our communities.
We are north of the Arctic Circle.
Arctic VillageArctic VillageVenetieVenetie
Powering Remote Northern Villages with the Midnight Sun
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Project Location (cont.)Project Location (cont.)
Our backyard is...
Arctic VillageArctic Village
VenetieVenetie
ANWR
... the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, home
to the Porcupine Caribou Herd.
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Project OverviewProject Overview
The Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, is the governing body of the 1.8 million acre Venetie Indian Reserve,our tribal homeland, part of the Gwich’in Nation.
Our culture, tradition, and subsistence depend upon
the Porcupine Caribou Herd.
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Project Overview (cont.)Project Overview (cont.)
Our remote communities are dependent on diesel fuel for most of our energy needs.
We want to reduce our dependency, and increase our self-sufficiency.
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During the summer...
we use much less electricity
and we have sunlight 24/7.
Project Overview (cont.)Project Overview (cont.)
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kWh
dem
and
per m
onth
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
solar kWh per m
onth per kW capacity
Electricity needs Solar energy output
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We believe solar electricity, together with better energy efficiency, can:
- teach our young people new skills
- maintain our subsistence ways
- save fuel and money in our villages
- lessen environmental risks of fuel use
Project Overview (cont.)Project Overview (cont.)
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Project TeamProject Team NVVTG
Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government
Arctic Village Electric Utility Venetie Electric Utility EES
Earth Energy Systems
IPEC Independence Power & Energy Consulting
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
Develop new skills among our young people to help maintain our subsistence way of life.
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Project Objectives (cont.)Project Objectives (cont.)
Assess our current energy use and growth to better know how and where we use our fuel.
Evaluate our existing PV systems’ fuel savings and integration with our village electricity grids.
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Project Objectives (cont.)Project Objectives (cont.)
Identify & implement energy conservation measures to reduce our electricity and heating fuel use.
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Project Objectives (cont.)Project Objectives (cont.)
Determinecosts & benefits for solar electric & energy storage systems that can greatly displace our diesel power during summer.
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Project Objectives (cont.)Project Objectives (cont.)
Identify best sustainable systems for our villages.
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Project Objectives (cont.)Project Objectives (cont.)
Develop a business plan to implement the projects.
Pass our knowledge on to our young people and to other villages.
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Project BackgroundProject Background
Our village electric power systems are separate.
Each village has its own diesel-fired generators.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
All our diesel fuel is delivered by air tankers. There are great risks and costs involved.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
Our energy costs are very high:
$0.51 per kWh electricity
$4.25 per gallon gasoline
$3.25 per gallon heating fuel
$110 per 100 lb propane
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
In year 2000 we began an examination of our renewable energy resources.
Airport weather histories indicated our wind resources were low quality.
Better wind resources may exist, but not near to our village power systems.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
Our Chandalar river is powerful, but hydropower potential cannot be developed easily due to extreme climate and remote locations.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
In 2001 we installed several small photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Identical 1.2 kW arrays atop our village washeteria buildings are tied to our electric grids.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
Initially we had limited ability to monitor our PV performance.
We did find our small electric grids had unstable power, making integration of PV power output difficult.
Nevertheless our energy programs have reduced our diesel fuel consumption.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
In summer 2002,we installed our 3rd PV system.
2.2 kW on a 360o tracking-arrayin Venetie.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
Now we can get 24-hour summer solar power.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
We also installed a PV performance monitoring system.
We learned how to avoid most of our earlier power system integration problems.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
In fall 2002, we upgraded our fixed-array PV system components after a manufacturer’s recall.
We integrated the upgraded components with our performance monitoring system.
Upgrades helped to solve earlier power system integration problems.
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
In summer 2003, we enabled internet viewing of our PV system performance in near-realtime.http://www.rusg.com/educational/nrthrnsol/stations/stations.shtml
We hope to develop a local school curriculum around it.
Venetie Washeteria Solar Arrays Venetie, AK
RUSG Home Project Home Villages Contacts Educational Resources Links
Station Name: Venetie Washeteria Location: Venetie, AK Coordinates: 67°0.7N 146°23.9 W Elevation: 600 ft above sea level
Notes: Elevation measured from mean sea level Datum Used: WGS 84
Current Conditions Historical Data Photo Gallery Station History
Conditions at the Washeteria as of September 20, 3: 10 pm
Provisional Data
System Summary Data Solar Insolation Output Power Heat Sink Temperature
[14] W/m2 [1] kW [15] Deg F
2 DAY PLOT 7 DAY PLOT
PLOT PLOT
Rooftop Solar Array Data Array Output
Voltage Array Output
Current Array Output
Power Inverter Output
Voltage Inverter Output
Current Inverter Output
Power
255 Vdc 4000 mA 1005 W 228 Vac 4350 mA 992 W
PLOT PLOT PLOT PLOT PLOT PLOT
2-Axis Tracker Solar Array Data
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Project Background (cont.)Project Background (cont.)
Our fixed-array PV systems have been working well since our upgrades, but our tracker really delivers.
In summer 2004, we will install an identical 2.2 kW tracking-array in Arctic Village.
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Requested Technical SupportRequested Technical Support
Input into developing models of- our power consumption,
especially during summer- hybrid power generation with PV,
energy storage, & diesel to meet our needs all year long
Input into designs and costs of hybrid power systems
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Requested Technical Support Requested Technical Support (cont.)(cont.)Help finding ways to reduce our
summertime power consumption for refrigeration
Ideas for non-hazmat energy storage technologies we might use
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Questions?Questions?
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No more of this!No more of this!