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BREF

Name Expert


Content

• Content BREF – LCP

• Procedure BREF- LCP

• Important to know

• BAT for combustion of coal and lignite


Content of the BREF-LCP (1)

• Chapter 1General information

• Chapter 2 Common techniques for energy generation

• Chapter 3Common processes and techniques to reduce emissions from large combustion plants

• Chapter 4Combustion techniques for coal and lignite


• Chapter 5Combustion techniques for biomass and peat

• Chapter 6 Combustion techniques for liquid fuels

• Chapter 7Combustion techniques for gaseous fuels



• Chapter 8Combustion techniques for co-combustion of waste and recovered fuels

• Chapter 9Concluding remarks

• Chapter 10Annexes



Procedure of the BREF - LCP

• Kick off meeting Feb 2000

• Final draft May 2005

• Commission will adopt BREF-LCP in spring 2006


Important to know

• BATAEL is not ELV

• Lot of split view

• Interface IPPC and LCPD


BAT for the combustion of coal and lignite

• Unloading, storage and handling• Thermal efficiency• Dust emissions and heavy metals• SO2 emissions• NOx emissions• HF and HCl emissions• NH3 emissions• Water contamination• Waste and residues


Unloading, storage and handling of fuel and additives

Reduce fugitive dust emissions of coal and lignite by:

• Effective loading/unloading equipment and closed transport systems

• Covered stockpiles• Water or other surface spray systems• Cleaning roads • Maintenance


Reduce water emissions of stockpile by:

• Collecting and treatment of rainwater

Reduce fugitive emissions of lime and limestone by:

• Enclosed storage and transport systems

Reduce safety risk of NH3 for DeNOx by:

• Use of ammonia-water solution

Unloading, storage and handling of fuel and additives


Thermal efficiency

Reduction of CO2 by:

• Optimisation of energy utilisation

• Optimisation of generating process

Cogeneration most effective option when local heat demand is high enough


Unit thermal efficiency (net) in % for coal plants

Combined technique new plants existing plantsCogeneration 75 – 90 75 - 90PC 43 – 47 *FBC > 41 *PFBC > 42 *

*improvement is plant specific, indication 36 – 40 %

PC = pulverised combustionFBC = fluidised bed combustionPFBC = pressurised fluidised bed combustion

Thermal efficiency


Dust emission levels coal and lignite combustion in mg/Nm3 (6 % O2) daily average

MWth new plants existing plants BAT50 – 100 5 - 20 5 – 30 ESP or FF100 – 300 5 – 20 5 - 25 ESP or FF

comb. with FGD > 300 5 – 10 5 – 10 ESP or FF

comb. with FGD

split views on all levels

Heavy metals reduced with dust.Hg (volatile) reduction less, more with SCR. ESP = electrostatic precipitatorFF = fabric filterFGD = flue gas desulphurisationSCR = selective catalytic reduction of NOx


SO2 emission levels coal and lignite combustion in mg/Nm3 (6 % O2) daily average

MWth new plants existing plants BAT

50 – 100 200 - 400 200 – 400 *

150 – 400 150 - 400

(FBC) (FBC)

100 – 300 100 – 200 100 –250 *

> 300 20 – 150 20 – 200

100 – 200 100 - 200

(FBC) (FBC)

* BAT is low sulphur fuel or/and Flue gas desulphurisation FGD depending on plant size. Low sulphur fuel for plants > 100 MWth only supplementary measure in combination with FGD. FGD wet scrubbing reduction 92-98% or dry scrubbing 85-92%

• split views on all levels FBC = fluidised bed combustion


NOx emission levels associated with BAT for coal

combustion in mg/Nm3 (6 % O2) daily average MWth combust. techn. new plants exist. plants BAT 50 – 100 GF 200 - 300 200 – 300 Pm and/or SNCR PC 90 – 300 90 – 300 Pm/SNCR//SCR CFBC/PFBC 200 –300 200 – 300 Comb of Pm 100 – 300 PC 90 – 200 90 –200 Pm and SCR * FBC 100 – 200 100 – 200 Pm and SNCR > 300 PC 90 – 150 90 – 200 Pm and SCR*

FBC 50 – 150 50 - 200 Comb of Pm *or combined techniques split views on all levels GF = grate firing PC = pulvirised combustion FBC = fluidised bed combustion CFBC = circulating fluidised bed combustion PFBC = pressurised fluidised bed combustion BFBC = bubbling fluidised bed combustion Pm = primary measures SCR = selective catalytic reduction of NOx SNCR = selective non catalytic reduction of NOx


HF and HCl emissions

• With a wet flue gas desulphurisation system reduction of HF and HCl emissions are 98 – 99%.

• Emission levels HF 1 –5 mg/Nm3 and HCl 1 –10 mg/Nm3

• In practice leakages in the rotating gas-gas heat-exchanger.

• BAT is a modern type of gas-gas heat-exchanger, more possibilities.

• Replacement only when heat exchanger needs to be changed or replaced anyway.


NH3 emissions

Ammonia slip when SNCR or SCR systems are installed.

BAT is an emission of < 5 mg/Nm3


Water contamination

• Rainwater from storage areas collected and treated

• Waste water treatment plant with wet scrubbing– Remove heavy metals– Decrease amount of solid matter

• In BREF more detailed information


Waste en residues

• BAT is utilisation and re-use of combustion residues and by-products

• Many utilisation possibilities for by-products as ashes with different criteria and plant specific

• End-product gypsum of wet scrubbing is utilised in the plasterboard industry


Annex VII dust ELV in mg/Nm3 (6% O2 solid, 3% liquid and gas)

A – plants MWth

< 500 100 Solid fuels >500 50*

Liquid fuels all 50 Gaseous fuels all 5

(10/50) B – plants

MWth 50 – 100 50 Solid fuels >100 30

50 – 100 50 Liquid fuels > 100 30

Gaseous fuels all 5 (10/30)


LCPD Recital 8

• Compliance with the ELV laid down by LCPD should be regarded as a necessary but not sufficient condition for compliance with the requirements of IPPC regarding the use of BAT.

• Such compliance may involve more stringent ELV’s, ELV for other substances and other media and other appropriate conditions.

NEC National emission ceilings

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