Powerpoint Hybrid Vehicles

8/11/2019 Powerpoint Hybrid Vehicles

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Aims and Objectives

Aim

To be able to describe the operation of a vehicles hybrid system

Objectives

To recognize the need for alternative fuels

To be able to describe the operation of a hybrid system

To be able to comment on the use of hybrid systems

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Question

In pairs discuss some other reasons why we might benefit from alternative fuels.

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Alternative Fuels

Ethanol

Reduces the green house gases produced by vehicles, is commonly mixed with petrol to run

motor vehicles:-

E10 10% Ethanol 90% Petrol

E85 85% Ethanol 15% Petrol

(no difference in performance to the two)

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Alternative Fuels

Ethanol Plus points

Lower Emissions

More resistance to engine knock

Added vehicle cost is minimal

Ethanol Negative points

Flex fuel vehicle

Lower energy content

Limited Availability

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Alternative Fuels

Bio Diesel

Is made up of crops, or even old restaurant oil

Can be used on its own or blended with petrol

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Alternative Fuels

Bio Diesel Plus points

Can be utilised in most diesel engines

Less air pollutants

Biodegradable

Non-toxic

Safer to handle

Bio Diesel Negative points

May not be approved by the

manufacture

Lower fuel economy More nitrogen oxide

Not suitable in lower temperature

Concerns over engine durability

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Alternative Fuels

Natural Gas

Can be used to fuel the car as a gas or a liquid

Can be utilised within duel fuel vehicles

Stored in high pressure tanks (therefore two fuelling systems are required within the vehicle)

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Alternative Fuels

Natural Gas Plus points

60-90% less smoke producing emissions

30-40% less Green House gasses emitted

Less expensive

Natural Gas Negative points

Fewer miles per tank

Less available

Limited to the type of vehicles it isavailable on

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Alternative Fuels

Propane LPG

Clean burning fossil fuel

Contains fewer toxins

Must have a separate fuelling system for the two fuels (petrol and LPG)

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Alternative Fuels

Propane Plus points

Fewer toxins and smog emitting

pollutants

Less expensive

Propane Negative points

Not currently readily available on

newer models

Fewer miles available per tank of fuel

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Alternative Fuels

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is been readily looked at as an alternative for petrol/diesel.

Environmentally friendly fuel, however, there are challenges that stop this fuel being

currently widely used.

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Alternative Fuels

Hydrogen Plus points

Produced from several sources

No air pollutants produced

Produces only NOX

Hydrogen Negative points

Expensive

Fuel cells can be expensive

Lower energy density then fuel

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Alternative Fuels

Questions

Give two advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel?

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Hybrid Vehicles

Can be split into two sections:-

Series and Parallel

Series

The vehicles Engine will drive the generator which in turn powers the vehicle.

Parallel

Engine and motor can be used to drive the vehicle, this system employs brake energy

regeneration.

This is the most favoured amongst manufactures.

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Question

What are the two sections that hybrid vehicles can be split into?

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Hybrid Vehicles

The main components include:-

Motor

High Voltage Battery

Power drive UnitDC converter (direct current)

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Hybrid Vehicles

Toyota Prius

Uses a Power Split system

1) the high voltage battery provides power to the motor to drive the wheels

2)Wheels are driven by engine to power splitting device. The generator is driven by planetary

gears to provide the motor with electricity to drive the wheels

3)During de-acceleration energy is recovered at the wheels, the energy in converted to

mechanical energy to charge the vehicles high voltage battery

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Hybrid Vehicles

Toyota Prius

Power Splitter

Is a epicycle gear box, that transmits energy in main components.

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Toyota Prius

5 Operating Modes

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Question

Name one of the five modes that hybrid vehicles use.

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Hybrid Vehicles

Toyota Prius

Start up

Under normal conditions the motor will start the engineUnder poor start up conditions the 12v starting system will start the vehicle

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Hybrid Vehicles

Toyota Prius

Acceleration

DC is converted to AC via the power drive unitThis is used as supply to the motor

It is also used to supplement engine output

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Hybrid Vehicles

Toyota Prius

Cruise

Engine drives the motor (which acts as a generator)The output current drives the motor

Converted to 12v DC supplies the vehicles charging system

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Hybrid Vehicles

Toyota Prius

Idle

The flow of energy is similar to that of cruisingIf the charge of the battery is low, the ECU will raise the vehicles idle speed to compensate

for this.

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Summary - have we ?

Recognized the need for alternative fuels ?

Can we describe the operation of a hybrid system ?

Are we able to comment on the use of hybrid system ?

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Any Questions ?

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Documents

Powerpoint Hybrid Vehicles