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The process of forcing ink through a porous fabric and the open areas of a stencil to produce an image.
Two terms commonly used: Serigraphy (in the field of fine arts) and Screen Printing used in the graphic communications industry.
Applications for Screen Printing:
PostersPlastic bottlesDrinking glassesSoda bottlesMirrors, metal surfacesWoodTextilesPrinted circuit boardsProduct displaysVinyl binders
Advantages of Screen Printing
Images can be printed on a wide variety of substratesThe production process is relatively easy.Capital expenditures are low compared to other printing processesImages can be printed with glitter, flock, and other decorative finishes.The ink film is very resilient due to the extreme thickness of the ink deposit
Disadvantages of Screen Printing
The process is usually limited to flat, relatively thin substrates, such as paper, metal, or plastic.Rate of production is slow.Ink mileage is poor.Excessive drying times may be necessary.Details and fine line images may be difficult to print.
Squeegee blades
Square edged: flat surfaces and general purpose printingSquare-edge with round corners: Gives extra-heavy ink deposits on flat substrates. Used when a light color will be printed on a dark substrate.Round-edge: Used primarily in textile printing where an extra-heavy ink film is required.Single-sided beveled edge: Used for printing on glass.
Squeegee Blade Shapes (con’t.)
Double-sided beveled edge with flat point. Used for printing on ceramicsDouble-sided beveled edge. Used for printing on cylindrical objects such as bottles and containers.
Screen Fabrics
Filaments are threadsMultifilament – sewing thread exampleMonofilament – fishing line exampleMesh count = number of threads per linear inchThe higher the mesh count, the better the reproduction of fine details.
Mesh Count (con’t.)
Multifilament ranges from 5 to 25. Multiply the digit by 10 to get an approximate number of threads per linear inch.
Monofilament are specified by actual number of threads per linear inch.
Types of Fabric
Silk - most expensiveOrgandy - cheapestPolyester - middle of the roadNylon - used for non-flat substratesMetal Mesh - most durable, but expensiveMetalized Polyester - durable but not too expensive
Fabric Attaching and Tensioning
StaplingCord and GrooveMechanical ClampingAdhesive Bonding
Measuring Fabric Tension - tensiometerFabric Treatment - abrading
Stencils
Knife-cut stencils – Paper stencils, water-soluble stencils,lacquer-soluble stencils
Photographic Stencils – indirect, direct, direct/indirect