M. Ryan Academic Decathlon

2005-06

Architecture

• The art and science of designing and constructing buildings

Architecture

Architects: specialists in designing structures

Architecture

ArchitectureOne of the early architectural developments was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method

A beam is placed horizontally across upright posts.

ArchitectureAncient Greek “Orders” (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base. (click me)

http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html

ArchitectureEntablature: the top of an order; includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html

ArchitectureOther key developments include the arch,

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architecturethe vault,

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architectureand the dome (my personal favorite).

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

ArchitectureThe arch was a purely Roman invention. An arch is often made up of small stones called voussoir and a large central stone called a keystone.

ArchitectureA series of columns is called a colonnade.

A series of arches is called an arcade.

Architecture

The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.

ArchitectureThe Romans were great engineers. They developed concrete as a building material, which was used in building aqueducts, baths, and other public works projects.

Architecture

http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm

Flying Buttress: external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.

ArchitectureDuring the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)

http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm

Architecture

and wrought iron:

The Eiffel Tower

Modern ArchitectureAntonio Gaudi: Spanish architect– no flat surface or straight lines (organic)

http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html

Antonio Gaudi’s most famous building: “La Sagrada Familia”

Modern Architecture

Modern ArchitectureThe 1st skyscraper was made in St. Louis, MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the expression “form follows function”.

Modern ArchitectureFrank Lloyd Wright: American architect; carefully considered the environment where the building was to be constructed.

“Falling Water”More Wright

Modern ArchitectureSteel and concrete are the favored materials for commercial type construction.

Wood and brick are the favored materials for residential construction.