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About the PowerPoint slides These slides are provided as a resource for teachers and students using Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A Practical Guide. They are not intended to constitute prescribed lectures. It is envisaged that users will select from, add to and modify the slides to suit their own requirements. A number of the slides are animated: this feature can be turned off for individual slides or objects via Animations > Custom animation > Remove. The slides are subject to the normal copyright rules applying to the book content. The full set of slides and other support material are provided at: www.pearsoned.co.uk/veal Any feedback or comments for improvement, corrections etc. would be welcome via: Tony.Veal@uts.edu.au A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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PART I: PREPARATION Chapter 1: Introduction to Research: What, Why & Who?

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Structure 10. Questionnaires 9. Qualitative 13. Sampling 11. Experimental 8. Observation 7. Secondary data 16. Survey data 15. Qualitative 18. Research report 14. Secondary 4. Research ethics 3. Starting out 6. Reviewing lit. 5. Range of methods 2. Approaches 1. Introduction PART I PREPARATION PART II DATA COLLECTION 12. Case studies PART III ANALYSIS PART IV COMMUNICATE RESULTS 17. Statistical A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Scope What is research? Why study research? Who does research? Who pays? Outputs 25 slides A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge Content

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Sport non-organised Walking transport Physical exercise Cycling transport Physical work - employment Physical work domestic Walking leisure Cycling leisure Sport - organised Other exercise Work/domestic/ personal time Leisure time Fig. 1.1 Physical exercise and sport Scope A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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What is research? Research defined Scientific research Social science research Three types of research A. J. Veal and S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Definition: The aim, as far as I can see, is the same in all sciences. Put simply and cursorily, the aim is to make known something previously unknown to human beings. It is to advance human knowledge, to make it more certain or better fitting.. The aim is.. discovery. - Norbert Elias A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Scientific research Research conducted within the rules of science Based on: Logic Systematic examination of evidence Ideally can be replicated Knowledge is cumulative A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Social science research Deals with people (individually and in informal and formal groups) Uses methods and traditions of social science People are less predictable than non-human phenomena The social world is constantly changing People can be aware of research being conducted on them A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Three types of research ( Three types of research (Fig. 1.2) Descriptive - finding out, describing what is Explanatory - explaining how or why things are as they are (and using this to predict) Evaluative - evaluation of policies and programmes A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Descriptive research Because the social world is constantly changing, descriptive research is continuously needed E.g. Periodic data on sport participation Descriptive research needed for: market profiles needs assessment, etc. A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Explanatory research Involves: why and how? Causality: A is caused by B Prediction: a change in A will result in a change in B Biological and social science A causes B to a predictable extent A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Evaluative research To what extent has a programme achieved its aims? A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Why study research? Why study research? (Fig. 1.3) Understanding research reports, etc. which you read Conducting academic research projects eg a thesis Research is a management tool in: policy-making planning managing evaluating A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Examples of policy/planning/management research Level Governing body of sport Policy Host world championships Plan (a)Develop key facilities (b)Prepare/subm it a bid Management (If successful) Manage the championship event. Fig. 1.4 A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Examples of policy/planning/management research Level Governing body of sport Community sport centre Policy Host world championships Maximise use by all age-groups Plan (a)Develop key facilities (b)Prepare/subm it a bid Two year plan to increase visits by older people by 50% Management (If successful) Manage the championship event. Implement daily morning keep-fit sessions for older people A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Examples of policy/planning/management research Level Governing body of sport Community sport centre Sport club Policy Host world championships Maximise use by all age-groups Develop junior competition Plan (a)Develop key facilities (b)Prepare/subm it a bid Two year plan to increase visits by older people by 50% Prepare strategy plan to recruit teams/coaches & secure venues/ sponsorship Management (If successful) Manage the championship event. Implement daily morning keep-fit sessions for older people Implement the strategy A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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The Rational-Comprehensive Planning/ Management Process (Fig. 1.5) 1. Terms of reference/brief 2. Values/mission/vision/goals 3. Decide planning approach 5. Consult with stakeholders 4. Environmental appraisal 7. Evaluate options 8. Decide strategy/goals/objectives 9. Implement/manage 10. Monitor/evaluate/feedback Research can play a role in all stages 6. Develop options A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Example of planning/management + research (Fig 1.6) StepsPlanning/policy/management activity Associated research 1. BriefIncrease young people's participation in sport Existing research indicates 40% participation rate 2. Set values/ mission/goals Increase participation level to 60% over 5 years - 3. Decide planning approach Needs-based, demand-based, etc.: for discussion, see Veal (2010: Ch. 7) As below 4. Environmental appraisal Consider existing supply - demandExisting programs & infrastructure fully used 5. Consult stakeholders Consult sporting clubs, schools, young people Survey indicates support in all groups; confirms feasibility 6. Develop options1. Publicity campaign 2. Free vouchers 3. Build more community facilities 4. Provide support to clubs/ schools 5. Train leaders/coaches/ teachers Review of experience of each option in other regions, based on published accounts and a survey A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Example contd. StepsPlanning/policy/management activity Associated research 7. Evaluate optionsEvaluate options 1-5Each option costed; on basis of survey evidence, estimate made of cost-effectiveness of each option. 8. Decode strategy/ gals/objectives Options 3 & 4 adoptedOptions 3 & 4 recommended 9. Implement/ manage Implement options 3 & 4- 10. Monitor/evaluate/ feedback Assess success in terms of increased participation. Continue program: increase resources for training coaches/ leaders Survey indicates participation increase to 45% after 1 year, but shortage of coaches/ leaders A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Who does research? Who does research? (Fig. 1.7) Academics Part of the job description. Knowledge for its own sake = some engagement with industry/professions Students Coursework projects + Theses Government and commercial organisations To inform/evaluate evidence-based policy Managers To inform practice. monitor performance, aid decision- making Consultants Under contract to govt and industry A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Managers conduct research on: (Fig. 1.7) Current customers Potential customers/community market research Environmental appraisal Organisational performance Sales Efficiency Staff performance/motivation Competitors Products Existing New A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Who pays? Who pays? (Fig. 1.9) Unfunded University internal funds Government-funded research councils Private trusts Industry public, commercial or non-profit A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

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Research outputs Research outputs (Fig. 1.10) Academic journal articles Professional journal articles Conference presentations/papers Books Policy/planning/management reports Position statements Market profiles Market research Market segmentation/lifestyle studies Feasibility studies Sport/recreation needs studies Sport tourism strategies/marketing plans Forecasting studies A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge