PP COLOBOC Status Report

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

PP COLOBOCStatus Report

Jean-Marie Bettems / MeteoSwissJürgen Helmert / DWD

COSMO GM Moscow, September 8th, 2010

2 COSMO GM, PP COLOBOC / Moscow, September 2010

Goal (COSMO GM 2008)

Consolidation of Lower Boundary Conditions

It is the main goal of this project to incorporate all activities related to the lower boundary conditions which have already reached an advanced state, and to consolidate these developments into well tested and documented software packages readily usable by the COSMO community.


Actions (COSMO GM 2008)

• Consolidate tools of general interest:• externalized TERRA module • software for generation of external parameters

• Facilitate verification tasks:• facilitate access to and usage of soil/surface observations

• Consolidate and extend external parameters database• Find and validate an optimal configuration of TERRA with its

associated external parameters and look-up tables• Revision of snow analysis and snow model• Deployment of urban module developed in Switzerland• Consolidate parameterization of land surface heterogeneity

with the tile/mosaic approach


Review – COLOBOC, task 0

Observation sets for SVAT model validation.

• Documentation

• Data pool Collect soil / surface / BL observations at selected sites, on behalf of the C-SRNWP Programme.

• Operational data with time lag from: Lindenberg (D), Payerne (CH), Toulouse (F), San Pietro (I), Sodankylaa (Finland), Cabauw (Netherland).

• Data of 6 participating sites for 2006-2008 soon available on-line on the COSMO web site. Year 2009 will follow afterwards. Common xls format.

• Special side meeting on this topic at the EMS conference in Zurich (Wed. Sept. 15th, 14h00 - 15h30).

Demo



Proposal for extensionJM. Bettems/MCH, C.Heret, F.Beyrich/DWD, T.Andreadis/HNMS (0.3 FTE)

• Extend on-line documentation (e.g. effective data availability of participating sites)

• Check usability of collected data(Master student at Swiss Federal Institue of Technology)

• Collect 2009 data

• Include additional observatories (Valday/Russia? Cardington/UK? More?)

• Make this effort sustainable



Open questions

• Use SRNWP data pool for routine diagnostic of the soil, surface, and boundary layer of all COSMO models

… interest from WG5 ?



Consolidate externalized TERRA module.

• Updated package including tests and documentation soon available (integrated within COSMO source code, activated by compiler flag)

• Code remains fragile when used in a non tested configuration;code limitations will also be documented



Task is terminated, but open questions remain

• Support after end of project, in particular with respect to the introduction of GRIB2 and the new physics interface

• Provision of COSMO temporal mean values for all driving fields (e.g. T_2M)

• Code re-write to achieve a production standard



Consolidate software for generating external parameters.

• New code for the aggregation and interpolation of the raw data to the target grid is available (Fortran 90), technical documentation is available

• Raw data files are converted into NetCDF format,GRIB output will be available soon

• Reference system at DWD, accessible through a Web interface

Demo


Review – COLOBOC, task 3.1

Document external parameters data set.

• Documentation of datasets available on the COSMO web site(http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/modules/externalParams/default.htm)



Consolidate external parameters data set.

• Consolidated raw data sets(GLOBE, GLC2000, DSMW)

• 13 new external parameters available for any domain(aerosol, terra module, urban module, lake module)

• External parameters for orographic radiation correction will soon be available (bug correction required)

COSMO General Meeting, Moscow, 2010-09-06, H. Asensio, DWD

externalparametersontarget grid

GLOBEorography

DSMWsoil data

GLC2000land use

Description of External Parameter System


ksh scriptsFortran programs

global icosahedral grid

GME


limited area domain

COSMO

current status external parameter generation

new libraryexternal parameter generation


(Fortran 2003/Fortran 95)

user defined grid

Icon,GMECOSMO


Current external parameter fields for the COSMO model, total 15 fields

planned extensions for the COSMO model, total 30 fields

HH, FR_LAND,SOILTYP, Z0,SSO_STDH, SSO_GAMMA,SSO_THETA, SSO_SIGMA,PLCOV_MN, PLCOV_MX,LAI_MN, LAI_MX,FOREST_D, FOREST_E,ROOTDP

HH, FR_LAND,SOILTYP, Z0,SSO_STDH, SSO_GAMMA,SSO_THETA, SSO_SIGMA,PLCOV_MX,LAI_MX,FOREST_D, FOREST_E,ROOTDP

NDVI, NDVI_MX,NDVI_RATIO, AER_BC,AER_DUST, AER_SO4,AER_SS, T2M_CL, URBAN,RSMIN, EMISS_RAD,FR_LAKE, DEPTH_LK,SLOPE_ASP, SLOPE_ANG,HORIZON, SKYVIEW

Additional external parameters


Example for new ext. parametersFraction lake and lake depth


GME ni 256 based on GLCC GME ni 256 based on GLC2000

COSMO-EU based on GLC2000COSMO-DE based on GLC2000

Example for uncertainties of ext. parametersEvergreen Forest: GLC2000 vs. GLCC



Proposal for extension(DWD, MCH, CLM community) (1.0 – 1.5 FTE)

• Consolidate new MODIS derived solar albedo("background albedo" derived from MODIS data at MPI Hamburg)

• Consolidate alternative sets of soil types in Europe(Harmonized World Soil Database , European Soil DataBase)

• Add support for vertically dependent soil information(e.g. depth of water reservoir or inactive layer, texture)

• Consolidate root depth• Alternative vegetation characteristics using MODIS calibrated phenology model

(work by R.Stöckli)

• Allow correct representation of scale separation for z0 / SSO / resolved scales(filter, option for topo smoothing in EXPAR instead of INT2LM)

• Provide topography at higher resolution than GLOBE when possible(e.g. SRTM or ASTER GDEM)



Open questions

• Use of alternative land use data "GLOBCOVER" (higher resolution than GLC2000)

• Evaluate usage of crop life cycle information (e.g. CLM AgroIBIS, J.L.Roujean/MeteoFrance product)



Revision of TERRA and the associated look-up tables.

• Developments of TERRA have been integrated in official COSMO code

• Experiments are running to calibrate the land-surface scheme (parametrizations, external parameters, look-up tables).

• A consolidated and recommended configuration is expectedtill the end of 2010.

• Aerosol climatology• Emissivity• Vegetation climatology (LAI, PLCOV)• Minimum stomatal resistance

• Non-uniform root distribution • Ground water with upward diffusion• Soil moisture dependent heat conductivity

Tested adaptions in int2lm and TERRAEXP 7224

• Result: less evapotranspiration, dry and warm PBL

• Reason : Tested combination of external parameters and TERRA adaptions could lead to increase in PRS/LAI ratio ?

• SMA tries to compensate T2M-Bias, wet soil

Conclusions of EXP 7224

BATS Plant transpiration (Dickinson, 1984)

rstom stomatal resistancerlc res. btw. leaves and canopy airrca res. btw. canopy air and atm. level

rstom

LAIE

PRS_MIN/LAI_MX ROUTI 1999-2007PRS_MIN = 150 s/m

PRS_MIN/LAI June ROUTI 2007- Now

PRS_MIN/LAI June EXP Masson (2003) - Ecoclimap

PRS_MIN/LAI June EXP Dorman and Sellers (1989)

Europe

East Sibiria

SK: 2.00SK: -5.08SK: -3.30

SK: -9.72 SK: -6.31 SK: 0.88

North AmericaSK: -5.43

SK: -8.23 SK: -3.80

EXP 7601 ECOCLIMAP 01.06.2009-01.07.2009 00 UTC i192f

Tropics AfricaSK: 2.73

SK: 3.07

SK: 1.22

Tropics AmericaSK: 4.49 SK: 3.86 SK: 0.09

Latest TERRA developmentsGlobal Verification

Europe

East Sibiria

North America

EXP 7602 D&S89 01.06.2009-01.07.2009 00 UTC i192f

Tropics Africa

Tropics America

SK: -1.88 SK: -4.00 SK: 1.83

SK: -7.35 SK: -5.87 SK: -3.14

SK: -3.75 SK: -4.81

SK: -3.55

SK: 2.23

SK: 3.23

SK: 0.18

SK: 4.57 SK: 4.54 SK: 0.02

Latest TERRA developmentsGlobal Verification

• Result: less evapotranspiration, dry and warm PBL

• Reason : Tested combination of external parameters and TERRA adaptions could lead to increase in PRS/LAI ratio ?

• Global numerical experiments showed the impact of PRS/LAI ratio on evapotranspiration and screen level temperature

• Results from global experiments will be used in COSMO experiments

Latest TERRA developmentsConclusions and Outlook



Proposal for extension(DWD, MCH, CLM community ) (1.0 FTE)

• Revision of TERRA rainfall interception and surface water treatment

• Implementation of an orography dependent surface runoff

• Detailed comparison of COSMO/TERRA with COSMO/CLM in weather mode (Master student at ETHZ, in group of S.Seneviratne)

• Tests in climate mode



Open questions

• Introduction of a leaf temperature to replace T_2M(T_2M may be tuned to best match SYNOP observations, which is not necessarily the most adequate value for representing the temperature of the plant environment)

• Optimal stretching factor of the soil mesh (a study by A.Will on the characteristics of the numerical solution seems to indicate that the current stretching factor is too large; this could explain the inexistent daily cycle of low cloudiness)

• Integrate parameterization of mires (Alla Yurova)



Verify and consolidate the new multi-layer snow model

New multi-layers snow model, including

• Snow compaction by metamorphism and gravity

• Explicit description of radiation effects

• Phase transition of liquid water within snow pack

• Water percolation

• Code is available in latest COSMO release

• Tests have shown some improvements of snow depth with the new multi-layers snow model, specially during melting phase and in complex topography.

• Some issues remain with the density of the (fresh) snow and with the representation of partial snow cover

• Ongoing tests at DWD and MeteoSwiss


Multi-layers snow modelTerra standalone experiments

Station at 2450m on the southern slope of the Alps

Model at2350m

Dh = -100m

September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008

Snow characteristics: SWE and snow depth (1.12.09-28.02.10)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

01

11

21

31

41

51

61

71

81

92

02

12

22

32

42

52

62

72

82

93

03

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

01

11

21

31

41

51

61

71

81

92

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22

32

42

52

62

72

82

93

03

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

01

11

21

31

41

51

61

71

81

92

02

12

22

32

42

52

62

72

8

декабрь январь февраль

мм

72ч-нов

72ч-стар

станция-лес

Medvegegorsk : SWE – measurements and 72h forecasts

north

91 mm 95 mm83 mm

COLOBOC Workshop. Moscow, 6 September 2010



Proposal for extension(E. Machulskaya/DWD, Roshydromet, CLM community) (1.0 – 1.5 FTE)

• Correct fresh snow density and feedback effects on soil temperature

• Improve representation of snow in forest covered area (albedo …)

• Improve partial snow cover representation, in particular by using the tile/mosaic approach

• Tests in climate mode



Improved snow analysis

MeteoSwiss has extended the DWD snow analysis by introducing a MSG derived snow mask and by tuning the Cressman analysis of snow height observations.

Composite fractional snow cover



• DWD and MeteoSwiss codes have been merged (sfcana 3.0),test are on-going

• Altitudinal interpolation has still to be integrated

• Temporal stability of analysis has to be improved



Proposal for extension(JM. Bettems/MCH, M. Lange/DWD)

• Adapt analysis for the new multi layers snow model



Urban module.

• Code and documentation are ready.

• Code has already been used(S.Schubert PIK/Potsdam and B.Sändig IfT/Leipzig )



Parameterization of land surface heterogeneity

• Modifications implemented in COSMO v4.8

• Documentation has been adapted

• Still bugs in current code

• Not all branches/options of the COSMO code have been updated (e.g. multi-layers snow model, recent soil model developments)



Proposal for extension(J.Helmert/DWD, A.Mazur/IMGW) (1.0 FTE)

• Implement tile approach (%)

• Full support of tile and mosaic in official COSMO code

• Impact studies (e.g. tile with nature/urban/lake/sea, mosaic for partial snow in complex topo)

Account for non-linear effects of sub-grid inhomegeneities at surface on the exchange of energy and moisture between atmosphere and surface (cf. Ament&Simmer, 2006)

mosaic approach

surface divided in N subgrid cells

tile approach

N dominant classes

(e.g. water, snow, grass)

(Figure taken from

Ament&Simmer, 2006)

if

if1

1

i

N

i

f

Nfi

1

Objective

Coupling of coarse atmosphere and high resolution surface

E.g. Latent Heat Flux for one patch :

atmospheric variables

surface variablesGrid box average

Objective

MOSAIC versus TILE approach

preference for tile approach(Figure taken from

Ament, 2006)

Options of TILE & MOSAIC

Implemention of tile approach requires:

• development and implementation of corresponding extensions in external parameter software (i.e. landuse dependend parameters for a no. of dominant classes within each atmospheric grid cell)

• code structure to support multiple ‚soil columns‘ within each grid cell (TERRA adaptions in COLOBOC)

• physics interface routine or multi-layer soil model, which controls the computation over (flexible) number of classes within each cell and

performs necessary aggregation (&disaggregation)

• suitable diagnostics (within soil model) to allow proper validation of tile scheme

• a computationally efficient and flexible implementation (vectorisation?)

Implications for NWP

AROME (SURFEX)4 tiles: nature , town, sea, inland water

Nature: ISBA 3L (Boone et al 1999)1L snow scheme (Douville, 1995)

TownSea, inland water: constant T_s, Charnock formula

UM (Jules) 9 tiles, 5 veg + 4 non-vegBroadleaf and needleleaf trees, temperate and tropical grasses,Shrubs, urban, inland water, bare soil, land ice.

IFS (HTESSEL) 6 land-surface tilesHigh vegetation, low vegetation, interception reservoir, bare ground, snow on ground and low vegetation,Snow under high vegetation

Implications for NWP


Summary

Task 0 [EXTENDED]: Consolidate data exchange action (SRNWP)

Task 1 [FINISHED, 09.2010]: Externalized TERRA module

Task 2 [FINISHED, 09.2010]: Software for external parameters (incl. GRIB output, web access)

Task 3 [FINISHED, 09.2010]: Consolidated raw data sets, new external parameters [EXTENDED]: Further improvements and extensions

Task 4 [DELAYED, 12.2010]: Recommended configuration of TERRA and look-up tables [EXTENDED]: Additional improvements of TERRA (interception, surface runoff)

Task 5.1 [DELAYED, 11.2010]: Tested multi-layers snow model [EXTENDED] : Fresh snow density, snow in forest, partial snow cover

Task 5.2 [DELAYED, 11.2010]: Snow analysis (incl. altitudinal interpolation) [EXTENDED] : Adapt for multi-layers snow model

Task 6 [FINISHED, 09.2010]: Urban module available

Task 7 [DELAYED, 09.2011]: Parameterization of land surface heterogeneity

52 COSMO GM, PP COLOBOC / Moscow, September 2010 COSMO GM Offenbach | postprocessing [email protected]

Thank you for your attention!

Documents

PP COLOBOC Status Report