3. Sensor Imun MultiplexTang et al. have reported a novel method to detect tumor markers such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and CA15-3, that can be found in the body (usually blood or urine) in cancer patients. They synthesized magnet core/ shell NiFe2O4/SiO2 nanoparticles and fabricated an electrochemicalmagnetic controlled microfluidic device. The immunoassay system consisted of 5 working electrodes and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode integrated on a glass substrate. Each working electrode contained a different antibody immobilized on the NiFe2O4/SiO2 nanoparticle surface and was capable of measuring a specific tumor marker using noncompetitive electrochemical immunoassay. Under optimal conditions, the multiplex immunoassay enabled the simultaneous detection of 4 tumor markers. The sensor detection limit was <0.5 μg L−1 for most analytes.

• The same team of D. Tang et al. designed a multiplexed stripping voltammetric immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of three mucins involved in the breast cancer: CA125, CA15-3 and CA19-9. The primary monoclonal antibodies for the three mentioned mucins were immobilized on a single magnetic bead and the CdS, ZbS and PbS were used as labels for the detection antibodies. The multiplexed immunoassay was able to detect simultaneous in a single run the three biomarkers with a limit of detection of 0.005 U mL−1 .

• Berikut adalah tabel Daftar biomarker yang digunakan dalam pengembangan immunoassay elektrokimia untuk kanker ovarium dan payudara.

4.Konklusi

•  Recent advances in molecular biology elucidate that cancer bio-markers play an important role in diagnosis, prognosis and providing insights into the etiology of cancer. Despite the multitude of different parameters currently measured in theclinical laboratory, only a minor part of these are measured by means of biosensor-based methods

• Modern electrochemical bioaffinity sensors, such as DNA- or immunosensors, offer remarkable sensitivity, essential for early cancer detection. The coupling of electrochemical devices with nanoscale materials offers a unique multiplexing capability for simultaneous measurements of multiple cancer markers. The attractive properties of electrochemical devices are extremely promising for improving the efficiency of cancer diagnostics and therapy monitoring.

• In this review we present the multitude of assays that are available for cancer biomarkers with the aim of diagnosing the breast and ovarian cancer. It is for sure that the researches in this dynamic field involve other biomarkers that are not commercially available yet