Bacteria and AlgaeBacteria and AlgaeChapters 6-7Chapters 6-7

Marine bacteriaMarine bacteria• Small, prokaryotic cellsSmall, prokaryotic cells• Reproduce asexually via binary Reproduce asexually via binary

fissionfission• 3 forms3 forms

– ChemosyntheticChemosynthetic– PhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic– HeterotrophicHeterotrophic

Photosynthetic bacteriaPhotosynthetic bacteria• Makes food from light energyMakes food from light energy• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

– Most common type of photosynthetic Most common type of photosynthetic algaealgae

– Single cells or long chainsSingle cells or long chains– Pump free oxygen back into the waterPump free oxygen back into the water

Photosynthetic BacteriaPhotosynthetic Bacteria• StromatolitesStromatolites

– Dense mats of blue green algae that Dense mats of blue green algae that traps other organic materialtraps other organic material

– Believed to be dominant in prehistoric Believed to be dominant in prehistoric timestimes

Chemosynthetic BacteriaChemosynthetic Bacteria• Makes food from chemical energyMakes food from chemical energy• Use Carbon Dioxide and sulfur or Use Carbon Dioxide and sulfur or

ammonium ammonium • Found deep in the sea where sunlight Found deep in the sea where sunlight

is non-existentis non-existent

Heterotrophic bacteriaHeterotrophic bacteria• Decomposers in the ocean floorDecomposers in the ocean floor

– Have the ability to break down tough Have the ability to break down tough organic molecules such as chitin, organic molecules such as chitin, cellulose, lignin, and keretincellulose, lignin, and keretin

– Recycles materials to be used by Recycles materials to be used by primary producers primary producers

Symbiotic BacteriaSymbiotic Bacteria• Chemosynthetic bacteria of Chemosynthetic bacteria of

hydrothermal vents produce hydrothermal vents produce chemicals that sustain deep sea chemicals that sustain deep sea communitiescommunities

• Bacteria living in deep sea organisms Bacteria living in deep sea organisms provide bioluminescenceprovide bioluminescence

Other Microscopic Other Microscopic OrganismsOrganisms• All other microscopic organisms are All other microscopic organisms are

eukaryoticeukaryotic• More complex than bacteriaMore complex than bacteria• Provide similar servicesProvide similar services

DiatomsDiatoms• Cells surrounded by a Cells surrounded by a frustulefrustule

– Frustule- 2 part silica based “box”Frustule- 2 part silica based “box”– Box expands at the union as the cell Box expands at the union as the cell

inside growsinside grows• Frustules do not decomposeFrustules do not decompose

– Fall to ocean bottom Fall to ocean bottom – Uplifted to Create diatomaceous earthUplifted to Create diatomaceous earth

Diatomaceous Earth UsesDiatomaceous Earth Uses• FiltrationFiltration

– Pool filters, alcohol filtersPool filters, alcohol filters• Polishing abrasivePolishing abrasive

– ToothpasteToothpaste– Silver polishSilver polish

• Sound proofing and InsulationSound proofing and Insulation

Multicellular algaeMulticellular algae(seaweeds or macroalgae)(seaweeds or macroalgae)

• Highly influenced by light patternsHighly influenced by light patterns• Includes Includes GreenGreen Algae, Algae, RedRed Algae, and Algae, and

BrownBrown algae algae• More diverse in warmer watersMore diverse in warmer waters

Structure of SeaweedsStructure of Seaweeds• Thallus- Main body of seaweedThallus- Main body of seaweed

– No leaves or roots, as they are No leaves or roots, as they are non-non-vascularvascular

– All cells of thallus photosynthesizeAll cells of thallus photosynthesize• Photosynthetic pigmentsPhotosynthetic pigments

– Chlorphylls a-dChlorphylls a-d– Accessory pigments may absorb other lights Accessory pigments may absorb other lights

to pass on to chlorophylls, giving different to pass on to chlorophylls, giving different colored seaweeds (reds and browns)colored seaweeds (reds and browns)